Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara Tahun Masuk 2012 dan 2014 Tentang Merokok Sebagai Faktor Risiko PPOK
53
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amin, M 1996, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Menahun : Polusi Udara, Rokok, dan Alfa1-antitripsin, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya.
Alsagaff, H 2005, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Penyakit Paru, Airlangga University Press,
Surabaya.
Arumugam, HR 2009, Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa FK USU 09 tentang
Merokok sebagai Faktor Resiko Utama PPOK, Repository USU, Medan.
Azwar, S. 2005, Sikap Manusia: Teori dan Pengukurannya . Vol. 2. Pustaka Pelajar,
Yogyakarta.
Badan Penelitian dan Penembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI 2013, Riset
Kesehatan Dasar, Kementrian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.
Behr, J, Nowak, D 2002, ‘Tobacco Smoke and Respiratory Disease’, European
Respiratory Monograph, vol. 21, pp. 161-179.
Benowitz, NL, Hukkanen, J, Jacob III, P 2009, ‘Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism,
Kinetics, and Biomarkers’, in Nicotine Psychopharmacology, Springer, San
Fransisco, USA.
Bogden JD, Kemp FW, Buse M 1999. Composition of tobaccos I. Selenium,
polonium-210, Alternaria, tar, and nicotine. J . Natl. Cancer Inst.Vol. 66 (1),
pp. 27–31.
Bustan, MN 1997, Epidemiologi Penyakit Tidak Menular , Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Carre, PC, Roche, N, Neukirch, F, Radeau, T, Perez, T, Terrioux, P et al. 2008, ‘The
Effect of an Information Leaflet upon Knowledge and Awareness of COPD in
Potential Sufferers’, Respiration 2008, vol. 76, pp. 53-60.
Dewi, M, Wawan A, 2010, Teori & Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku
Manusia, Nuha Media, Yogyakarta.
Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, et al. 2008, Harrison’s
Principles of Internal Medicin,
17th edn, The McGraw-Hill Companies,
United States.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
Food and Drug Administration 2012, Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents
in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke, vol. 77, no. 64.
Geis, O, Kotzias, D 2007, Tobacco, Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke An Overview,
European Communities Directorate-General Joint Research Centre Institute
for Health and Consumer Protection, Luxembourg.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2015, At-A-Glance Outpatient
Management Reference for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, GOLD,
Belgium.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2015, Global Strategy for the
Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD Updated 2015 , GOLD,
Belgium.
Grassi MC, Chiamulera, C, Baraldo, M, Culasso, F, Ferketich, AK, Raupach, T et al.
2012, ‘Cigarette Smoking Knowledge and Perceptions Among Students in
Four Italian Medical Schools’, Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2012, viewed 1
December 2015, Oxford Journals, DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr330.
Han, MY, Chen, WQ, Wen, XZ, Liang, CH, Ling, WH 2012, ‘Differences of
Smoking Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Between Medical and Nonmedical Students’, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine March 2012,
Volume 19, Issue 1, pp 104-110, viewed 1 December 2015, Springer, DOI
10.1007/s12529-010-9140-7.
Kaplan R.M, Sallis J.F& Paterson T.L 2003, Types Of Cigarette Smoke. In Health
and Human Behavior, Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New York.
Kawakami, M 2000, ‘Awareness of the Harmful Effects of Smoking and Views on
Smoking Cessation Intervention among Japanese Medical Students’, Internal
Medicine 2000, Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 720-726, viewed 1 December 2015, j-
stage, DOI http://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.39.720.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2010, Pusat Promosi Kesehatan
Pedoman Pengembangan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Kementerian Kesehatan RI,
Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Loren, Jeff 2009, Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa Faklutas
Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara Terhadap Rokok, Repository USU,
Medan.
Laniado, R 2008, ‘Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century’, International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health,vol. 6, pp. 209-224.
Maramis, WF 2006, Ilmu Perilaku Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan , Airlangga
University Press, Surabaya.
Mannino, DM, Buist AS 2007, ‘Global Burden of COPD: Risk Factors, Prevalence,
and Future Trends’, The Lancet, vol. 370, pp. 765-773.
Mubarak, WI 2011, Promosi Kesehatan untuk Kebidanan, Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Notoatmodjo, S 2003, Promosi kesehatan & Ilmu perilaku, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoatmodjo, S 2005, Ilmu & Aplikasi Pendidikan, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoadmodjo, S 2005, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoadmodjo, S 2007, Konsep Perilaku dan Perilaku Kesehatan , Rineka Cipta,
Jakarta.
Potkin,
S.
2005,
viewed
10
November
2015,
.
Raupach, T, Shahab, L, Baetzing, S, Hoffmann, B, Hasenfuss, G, West, R et al. 2008,
‘Medical students lack basic knowledge about smoking: Findings from two
European medical schools’, Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009, viewed 1
December 2015, Oxford Journals, DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr007.
Riyanto, BS, Hisyam, B 2009, ‘Obstruksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut’, dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Edisi V, Interna Publishing, Jakarta, pp. 2216-
2239.
Saryono 2008, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan Penuntun Praktis Bagi Pemulsa ,
Mitra Cendikia Press, Jogjakarta.
Sitepoe, Mangku 2000, Kekhususan Rokok Indonesia , Grasindo, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
Tamimi, A, Serdarevic, D, Hanania, NA 2012, ‘The effects of cigarette smoke on
airway inflammation in asthma and COPD: Therapeutic implications’,
Respiratory Medicine, vol. 106, pp. 319-328.
Tobacco
History,
viewed
27
March
2015,
.
TCSC-IAKMI 2010, Fakta Tembakau : Permasalahannya di Indonesia Tahun 2010 ,
Bunga Rampai, Jakarta.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services 2010, A Report of the Surgeon
General : How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You ,
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Center for Chromic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
World Health Organization 2012, The top 10 causes of death , diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
World Health Organization 2012, Burden of COPD , diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
World Health Organization 2014, WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking
2000-2025,
diakses
26
Maret
2015,
.
World Health Organization 2015, Tobacco Fact Sheet, diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
Yunus, F 2003. Tata Laksana Penyakit PPOK, Media Aesculapius, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amin, M 1996, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Menahun : Polusi Udara, Rokok, dan Alfa1-antitripsin, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya.
Alsagaff, H 2005, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Penyakit Paru, Airlangga University Press,
Surabaya.
Arumugam, HR 2009, Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa FK USU 09 tentang
Merokok sebagai Faktor Resiko Utama PPOK, Repository USU, Medan.
Azwar, S. 2005, Sikap Manusia: Teori dan Pengukurannya . Vol. 2. Pustaka Pelajar,
Yogyakarta.
Badan Penelitian dan Penembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI 2013, Riset
Kesehatan Dasar, Kementrian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.
Behr, J, Nowak, D 2002, ‘Tobacco Smoke and Respiratory Disease’, European
Respiratory Monograph, vol. 21, pp. 161-179.
Benowitz, NL, Hukkanen, J, Jacob III, P 2009, ‘Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism,
Kinetics, and Biomarkers’, in Nicotine Psychopharmacology, Springer, San
Fransisco, USA.
Bogden JD, Kemp FW, Buse M 1999. Composition of tobaccos I. Selenium,
polonium-210, Alternaria, tar, and nicotine. J . Natl. Cancer Inst.Vol. 66 (1),
pp. 27–31.
Bustan, MN 1997, Epidemiologi Penyakit Tidak Menular , Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Carre, PC, Roche, N, Neukirch, F, Radeau, T, Perez, T, Terrioux, P et al. 2008, ‘The
Effect of an Information Leaflet upon Knowledge and Awareness of COPD in
Potential Sufferers’, Respiration 2008, vol. 76, pp. 53-60.
Dewi, M, Wawan A, 2010, Teori & Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku
Manusia, Nuha Media, Yogyakarta.
Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, et al. 2008, Harrison’s
Principles of Internal Medicin,
17th edn, The McGraw-Hill Companies,
United States.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
Food and Drug Administration 2012, Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents
in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke, vol. 77, no. 64.
Geis, O, Kotzias, D 2007, Tobacco, Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke An Overview,
European Communities Directorate-General Joint Research Centre Institute
for Health and Consumer Protection, Luxembourg.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2015, At-A-Glance Outpatient
Management Reference for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, GOLD,
Belgium.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2015, Global Strategy for the
Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD Updated 2015 , GOLD,
Belgium.
Grassi MC, Chiamulera, C, Baraldo, M, Culasso, F, Ferketich, AK, Raupach, T et al.
2012, ‘Cigarette Smoking Knowledge and Perceptions Among Students in
Four Italian Medical Schools’, Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2012, viewed 1
December 2015, Oxford Journals, DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr330.
Han, MY, Chen, WQ, Wen, XZ, Liang, CH, Ling, WH 2012, ‘Differences of
Smoking Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Between Medical and Nonmedical Students’, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine March 2012,
Volume 19, Issue 1, pp 104-110, viewed 1 December 2015, Springer, DOI
10.1007/s12529-010-9140-7.
Kaplan R.M, Sallis J.F& Paterson T.L 2003, Types Of Cigarette Smoke. In Health
and Human Behavior, Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New York.
Kawakami, M 2000, ‘Awareness of the Harmful Effects of Smoking and Views on
Smoking Cessation Intervention among Japanese Medical Students’, Internal
Medicine 2000, Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 720-726, viewed 1 December 2015, j-
stage, DOI http://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.39.720.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2010, Pusat Promosi Kesehatan
Pedoman Pengembangan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Kementerian Kesehatan RI,
Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Loren, Jeff 2009, Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa Faklutas
Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara Terhadap Rokok, Repository USU,
Medan.
Laniado, R 2008, ‘Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century’, International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health,vol. 6, pp. 209-224.
Maramis, WF 2006, Ilmu Perilaku Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan , Airlangga
University Press, Surabaya.
Mannino, DM, Buist AS 2007, ‘Global Burden of COPD: Risk Factors, Prevalence,
and Future Trends’, The Lancet, vol. 370, pp. 765-773.
Mubarak, WI 2011, Promosi Kesehatan untuk Kebidanan, Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Notoatmodjo, S 2003, Promosi kesehatan & Ilmu perilaku, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoatmodjo, S 2005, Ilmu & Aplikasi Pendidikan, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoadmodjo, S 2005, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Notoadmodjo, S 2007, Konsep Perilaku dan Perilaku Kesehatan , Rineka Cipta,
Jakarta.
Potkin,
S.
2005,
viewed
10
November
2015,
.
Raupach, T, Shahab, L, Baetzing, S, Hoffmann, B, Hasenfuss, G, West, R et al. 2008,
‘Medical students lack basic knowledge about smoking: Findings from two
European medical schools’, Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2009, viewed 1
December 2015, Oxford Journals, DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr007.
Riyanto, BS, Hisyam, B 2009, ‘Obstruksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut’, dalam Buku
Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Edisi V, Interna Publishing, Jakarta, pp. 2216-
2239.
Saryono 2008, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan Penuntun Praktis Bagi Pemulsa ,
Mitra Cendikia Press, Jogjakarta.
Sitepoe, Mangku 2000, Kekhususan Rokok Indonesia , Grasindo, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
Tamimi, A, Serdarevic, D, Hanania, NA 2012, ‘The effects of cigarette smoke on
airway inflammation in asthma and COPD: Therapeutic implications’,
Respiratory Medicine, vol. 106, pp. 319-328.
Tobacco
History,
viewed
27
March
2015,
.
TCSC-IAKMI 2010, Fakta Tembakau : Permasalahannya di Indonesia Tahun 2010 ,
Bunga Rampai, Jakarta.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services 2010, A Report of the Surgeon
General : How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You ,
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Center for Chromic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
World Health Organization 2012, The top 10 causes of death , diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
World Health Organization 2012, Burden of COPD , diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
World Health Organization 2014, WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking
2000-2025,
diakses
26
Maret
2015,
.
World Health Organization 2015, Tobacco Fact Sheet, diakses 26 Maret 2015,
.
Yunus, F 2003. Tata Laksana Penyakit PPOK, Media Aesculapius, Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara