Situation Types In The Novel Harry Potter And The Prisoner Of Azkaban
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Situation type is a branche of semantic fields that studies the sentence
meaning focusess on the verb. It is used to know the meaning of the sentence
more spesific. There are four kinds of situation type as Vendler (1967: 97-121)
and Dowty (1979) state, they are : States to identify stative verb or unchanging
during its duration, for example Lisa hates it. This sentence means that Lisa
doesn’t like something at the time. Activities are processes or durative and telic
verbs, for example Watch this movie. This sentence means that to do the action
watching to see the movie. Accomplishments to identify durative and telic verbs
and last, for example have “finish” : John finished writing the letter. The sentence
means the John write the letter, where the letter is the endpoint of the action,
Achievements to identify the punctual and telic verbs, for example We found a
solution. It means that they find the solution of the problem and have no
conceivable time. Further, C.S. Smith (1991:1) adds the one situation type, it is
semelfactive which is an instantaneous atelic events like : cough, knock. Smith
theory is easier to uderstand and analyzed it. Therefore, situation type is one of the
branch in semantic that is very useful for the people who learn the linguistics.
Yule (2006:14) states that semantics can be described as the study of the
meaning of words, phrases and sentences. Semantics is concerned to the meaning
of words and how they combined two form sentences meaning. It is useful to
1
distinguish lexical semantic and structural semantic. It means that semantics is
concerned with the meaning of words, phrases, sentences to get meaningful
sentences. Situation type is aspect that describes the situation that relates to time
which arises from its meaning. Situation types as subject matter of sentences by
focused on their verbs and arguments. It concerns the internal temporal
constituency of a (type of) situation denoted by a given predicate.
Further, Hurford and Heasley (1983:1) state that sentence meaning or
word meaning can be defined as what a sentence or word means. Morever, that
knowing the part played a particular entity in an event is one the most interesting
thing to understand a sentence so that (he??) will know the meaning of the
sentences or words. In understandig the meaning of words, we should understand
some aspects of meaning that belong to the level of the sentence.
One thing that is important to identify is the smeaning of verb. Verb can
be analyzed by situation type that is to identify the information of temporal
structure of a situation which arises from its meaning which we first identify what
kind of situation type that is used by the verbal predicate and we can conclude the
meaning exactly. It is important to identify the situation type to understand the
meaning of sentence lexically that occured in communication.
In finding the situation types, actually we should understand some criteria
of classifying them as well as the researcher will discuss in this research. So that,
this study was discussed to give more knowledge to the readers about the situation
type that is used by the verbal predicate.
2
1.2 Problems of the Study
During the analysis process of this thesis, it is important to make the
specification of problems that are going to be analyzed. The problems of the study
of this thesis are :
1.
What situation types are found in the Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner of
Azkaban?
2.
What situation type is dominantly found in Novel Harry Potter and The
Prisoner of Azkaban?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problem, the objectives of this study are :
1.
To describe situation types found in Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner of
Azkaban
2.
To describe the most dominant type found in Novel Harry Potter and The
Prisoner of Azkaban
1.4 Scope of the Study
This study focusess on the verbal situation type found on the verbs or verb
phrases and also focusess on only four situation type, they are : states, activities,
achievements and accomplishments in the Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner
of Azkaban.
3
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. The study is expected to give the readers the understanding what is the state
situation
2. Identify the state situation in the table which fit based on theory of Vendler
4
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Situation type is a branche of semantic fields that studies the sentence
meaning focusess on the verb. It is used to know the meaning of the sentence
more spesific. There are four kinds of situation type as Vendler (1967: 97-121)
and Dowty (1979) state, they are : States to identify stative verb or unchanging
during its duration, for example Lisa hates it. This sentence means that Lisa
doesn’t like something at the time. Activities are processes or durative and telic
verbs, for example Watch this movie. This sentence means that to do the action
watching to see the movie. Accomplishments to identify durative and telic verbs
and last, for example have “finish” : John finished writing the letter. The sentence
means the John write the letter, where the letter is the endpoint of the action,
Achievements to identify the punctual and telic verbs, for example We found a
solution. It means that they find the solution of the problem and have no
conceivable time. Further, C.S. Smith (1991:1) adds the one situation type, it is
semelfactive which is an instantaneous atelic events like : cough, knock. Smith
theory is easier to uderstand and analyzed it. Therefore, situation type is one of the
branch in semantic that is very useful for the people who learn the linguistics.
Yule (2006:14) states that semantics can be described as the study of the
meaning of words, phrases and sentences. Semantics is concerned to the meaning
of words and how they combined two form sentences meaning. It is useful to
1
distinguish lexical semantic and structural semantic. It means that semantics is
concerned with the meaning of words, phrases, sentences to get meaningful
sentences. Situation type is aspect that describes the situation that relates to time
which arises from its meaning. Situation types as subject matter of sentences by
focused on their verbs and arguments. It concerns the internal temporal
constituency of a (type of) situation denoted by a given predicate.
Further, Hurford and Heasley (1983:1) state that sentence meaning or
word meaning can be defined as what a sentence or word means. Morever, that
knowing the part played a particular entity in an event is one the most interesting
thing to understand a sentence so that (he??) will know the meaning of the
sentences or words. In understandig the meaning of words, we should understand
some aspects of meaning that belong to the level of the sentence.
One thing that is important to identify is the smeaning of verb. Verb can
be analyzed by situation type that is to identify the information of temporal
structure of a situation which arises from its meaning which we first identify what
kind of situation type that is used by the verbal predicate and we can conclude the
meaning exactly. It is important to identify the situation type to understand the
meaning of sentence lexically that occured in communication.
In finding the situation types, actually we should understand some criteria
of classifying them as well as the researcher will discuss in this research. So that,
this study was discussed to give more knowledge to the readers about the situation
type that is used by the verbal predicate.
2
1.2 Problems of the Study
During the analysis process of this thesis, it is important to make the
specification of problems that are going to be analyzed. The problems of the study
of this thesis are :
1.
What situation types are found in the Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner of
Azkaban?
2.
What situation type is dominantly found in Novel Harry Potter and The
Prisoner of Azkaban?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problem, the objectives of this study are :
1.
To describe situation types found in Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner of
Azkaban
2.
To describe the most dominant type found in Novel Harry Potter and The
Prisoner of Azkaban
1.4 Scope of the Study
This study focusess on the verbal situation type found on the verbs or verb
phrases and also focusess on only four situation type, they are : states, activities,
achievements and accomplishments in the Novel Harry Potter and The Prisoner
of Azkaban.
3
1.5 Significance of the Study
1. The study is expected to give the readers the understanding what is the state
situation
2. Identify the state situation in the table which fit based on theory of Vendler
4