PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR PERIODE LXXI, Semester Genap, Tahun 2016 2017
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR PERIODE LXXI, Semester Genap, Tahun 2016 / 2017 LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM SPORT CLUB DI SEMARANG Tema Desain
Arsitektur Minimalis
Fokus Kajian
Mensinergikan hubungan antar ruang pada fasilitas utama Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
AGUS HARTOMO PRAKOSO NIM :12.11.0124
Dosen Pembimbing:
Ir. IGN. Dono Sayoso, MSR NIDN : 0608075601 PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Maret, 2017
PRAKATA
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia
-Nya sehingga penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program yang berjudul “Sport Club
di Semarang” dapat selesai tepat pada waktunya.
Penyusunan karya tulis ilmiah ini diajukan sebagai syarat menyelesaikan
pendidikan gelar Sarjana 1 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori
dan Program ini penulis banyak mendapat bimbingan dan petunjuk dari berbagai
pihak. Oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak/Ibu:1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA. Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
2. Maria Damiana Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc. Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
3. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno. Koordinator Proyek Akhir 71 Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
4. Ir. IGN. Dono Sayoso, MSR. Pembimbing yang dengan penuh kesabaran dan ketekunan memberikan dorongan, perhatian, bimbingan, pengarahan, serta saran dalam pembuatan Landasan Teori dan Program ini mulai dari awal sampai akhir.
5. Bapak, ibu, adik dan seluruh keluargaku atas cinta, dukungan dan doa yang selalu diberikan sehingga karya tulis ilmiah ini selesai pada waktunya.
6. Teman-temanku Mahasiswa Jurusan Arsitektur, atas perhatiannya semoga kita tetap menjalin serta menjaga silaturahmi di antara kita semua, amin.
Penulis menyadari dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ini masih
belum sempurna, maka saran dan kritik yang konstruktif sangat penulis harapkan
demi perbaikan Landasan Teori dan Program selanjutnya. Akhirnya penulis berharap
semoga Landasan Teori dan Program ini bermanfaat.Semarang, 7 Maret 2017 Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
1.5.3. Analisis Pendekatan Program Arsitektur .................................................................. 7
2.2.2. Kegiatan ...................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.1. Terminologi ................................................................................................................. 13
2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ....................................................................................................... 13
2.1.3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai .................................................................................... 11
2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Tren ................................................................. 9
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ........................................................................................................ 9
2.1. Tinjauan Umum ........................................................................................................... 9
BAB II ................................................................................................................................ 9
TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................................................ 91.5.7. Lampiran ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.6. Daftar Pustaka .............................................................................................................. 8
1.5.5. Kajian Teori ................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.4. Program Arsitektur ....................................................................................................... 7
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................................. iii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................. iv
PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................. x
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA ............................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I ................................................................................................................................. 1
PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................................. 11.5.1. Pendahuluan ................................................................................................................ 7
1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 7
1.4.4. Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................................................ 6
1.4.3. Metode Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 5
1.4.2. Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis ............................................................................. 4
1.4.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 3
1.4. Metode Pembahasan .................................................................................................. 3
1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2. Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 2
1.2.1. Tujuan ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran .................................................................................................... 2
1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................. 1
1.5.2. Tinjauan Proyek ........................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ....................................................................... 25
4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ......................................................................... 125
4.1. Konsep Program ..................................................................................................... 123
4.1.1. Aspek Citra / Performance Arsitektural ................................................................ 123
4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................................ 123
4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ...................................................................................................... 124
4.2. Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................. 124
4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ............................................................................................... 124
4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................................ 124
4.3. Program Arsitektur ................................................................................................. 127
3.3.2. Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................................ 119
4.3.1. Program Kegiatan dan Fasilitas ............................................................................ 127
4.3.2. Program Besaran Ruang ........................................................................................ 132
BAB V ............................................................................................................................ 143
KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................................................ 143
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan/Tema Desain ......................................................... 143
5.1.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain .................................................... 143
5.1.2. Studi Preseden ......................................................................................................... 146
5.1.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Penekanan Desain ...................................... 149
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan/Fokus Kajian .......................................... 150
BAB IV ........................................................................................................................... 123
PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................................................................. 1233.3.1. Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ....................................................................................... 116
2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................................................. 26
3.1. Analisis Pendekatan Arsitektur .............................................................................. 40
2.2.5. Studi Banding Kasus Proyek Sejenis ..................................................................... 29
2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ............................................................................................... 37
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .................................................................... 38
2.3.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................. 38
2.3.2. Batasan ....................................................................................................................... 38
2.3.3. Anggapan .................................................................................................................... 39
BAB III ............................................................................................................................. 40
ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ASRSITEKTUR ............................................................ 403.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ............................................................................................................. 40
3.3. Analisis Konteks Lingkungan ............................................................................... 116
3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ............................................................................................................. 48
3.1.3. Studi Ruang Khusus .................................................................................................. 64
3.1.4. Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan Parkir .......................................................... 70
3.1.5. Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................................. 76
3.2. Analisis Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ................................................................ 76
3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ...................................................................... 76
3.2.2. Studi Sistem Pencahayaan dan Penghawaan ...................................................... 95
3.2.3. Studi Sistem Utilitas ................................................................................................. 104
5.2.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan desain ............................................... 150
5.2.2. Studi Preseden ......................................................................................................... 151
5.2.3. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Permasalahan Desain ................................. 152
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 155
LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................................... 158
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Area fitness dengan view outdoor ..................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2. Area kolam renang dan outdoor. ....................................................................................... 18 Gambar 3. Area aerobik dan kegiatan lainnya. .................................................................................... 19 Gambar 4. Kelas RPM dan Spinning Bike .............................................................................................. 19 Gambar 5. Area jogging track pada bagian outdoor. ........................................................................... 19 Gambar 6. Cafe dan restoran pada Sport Club. .................................................................................... 20 Gambar 7. Peta Pembagian BWK Semarang. ....................................................................................... 27 Gambar 8. Pembagian Sport Club di Semarang. .................................................................................. 30 Gambar 9. Mountain Leaf di Perumahan Graha Estetika. .................................................................... 31 Gambar 10. The Club di Perumahan Graha Padma. ............................................................................. 32 Gambar 11. Kolam renang di Lakers Club ............................................................................................ 33 Gambar 12. Gardenia Sport Club di Perumahan Gardenia .................................................................. 34 Gambar 13. Royal Dome Club House di Perumahan Royal Dome ....................................................... 34 Gambar 14. Ciputra Golf & Family Club .............................................................................................. 35 Gambar 15. ROCA Sport Center .......................................................................................................... 36 Gambar 16. Implementasi konsep fitness centre ................................................................................ 64 Gambar 17. Denah fitness centre ........................................................................................................ 66 Gambar 18. Ruang aerobik .................................................................................................................. 65 Gambar 19. Standart ukuran kolam renang ........................................................................................ 66 Gambar 20. Standart ukuran sepeda statis ......................................................................................... 67 Gambar 21. Ruang Sauna dengan ruang ganti .................................................................................... 68 Gambar 22. Ruang Sauna untuk 6 orang ............................................................................................. 69 Gambar 23. Alat pemanas sauna ......................................................................................................... 69 Gambar 24. Fondasi Batu Belah .......................................................................................................... 78 Gambar 25. Fondasi Footplate ............................................................................................................ 78 Gambar 26. Fondasi Raft Rakit ............................................................................................................ 79 Gambar 27. Fondasi Retaining Wall .................................................................................................... 80 Gambar 28. Lantai keramik ................................................................................................................. 85 Gambar 29. Lantai vinyl ....................................................................................................................... 85
Gambar 30. Lantai parket .................................................................................................................... 86 Gambar 31. Lantai batu alam .............................................................................................................. 87 Gambar 32. Batu bata. ........................................................................................................................ 87 Gambar 33. Batako .............................................................................................................................. 88 Gambar 34. Bata ringan ...................................................................................................................... 89 Gambar 35. Partisi kalsiboard ............................................................................................................. 89 Gambar 36. Partisi kaca ....................................................................................................................... 90 Gambar 37. Dinding ACP ..................................................................................................................... 90 Gambar 38. Plafond Gypsum............................................................................................................... 91 Gambar 39. Papan Plafon PVC ............................................................................................................ 92 Gambar 40. Atap genteng keramik flat ............................................................................................... 92 Gambar 41. Dak Beton ........................................................................................................................ 93 Gambar 42. Plafond Gypsum............................................................................................................... 94 Gambar 43. Atap Polycarbonate ......................................................................................................... 94 Gambar 44. Roof Glass ........................................................................................................................ 95 Gambar 45. Penerapan pencahayaan skylight .................................................................................... 96 Gambar 46. Pencahayaan alami pada bukaan dinding. ...................................................................... 97 Gambar 47. Lampu TL (Neon).............................................................................................................. 98 Gambar 48. Lampu SL .......................................................................................................................... 98 Gambar 49. Lampu Halogen ................................................................................................................ 99 Gambar 50. Lampu LED ..................................................................................................................... 100 Gambar 51. Exhaust fan .................................................................................................................... 103 Gambar 52. AC Direct ........................................................................................................................ 103 Gambar 53. Saluran AHU ................................................................................................................... 104 Gambar 54. Hydrant .......................................................................................................................... 108 Gambar 55. Alat pemadam api ringan .............................................................................................. 109 Gambar 56. Pintu darurat pada bangunan ........................................................................................ 110 Gambar 57. Smoke detector dan Sprinkler ....................................................................................... 110 Gambar 58. Tannga darurat di luar bangunan .................................................................................. 111 Gambar 59. Walky Talky .................................................................................................................... 112 Gambar 60. Jaringan internet ............................................................................................................ 112
Gambar 61. Peran sekuriti di lapangan ............................................................................................. 113 Gambar 62. Kamera CCTV ................................................................................................................. 114 Gambar 63. Sistem penangkal petir konvensional ............................................................................ 115 Gambar 64. Sistem penangkal petir elektrostatis ............................................................................. 115 Gambar 65. Peta udara tapak A ........................................................................................................ 120 Gambar 66. Peta udara tapak B ........................................................................................................ 121 Gambar 67. Peta udara tapak terpilih ............................................................................................... 140 Gambar 68. Peta udara tapak A ........................................................................................................ 142 Gambar 69. Mies Van Der Rohe dan bangunan yang dia bikin. ........................................................ 144 Gambar 70. Rumah tradisional jepang .............................................................................................. 145 Gambar 71. Interior pada ruang loker & ganti. ................................................................................. 146 Gambar 72. Konseo ruang fitness. .................................................................................................... 147 Gambar 73. Konsep ruang aerobik. ................................................................................................... 148 Gambar 74. Konsep kolam renang. ................................................................................................... 149 Gambar 75. Fitness centre di Mandarin Oriental, Guangzhou. ......................................................... 152 Gambar 76. Area fitness yang memiliki sekat kaca ........................................................................... 153 Gambar 77. Area indoor yang bisa merasakan outdoor ................................................................... 154 Gambar 78. Penggunaan kaca yang besar pada seluruh area berolahraga. ..................................... 154
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Fasilitas pada tinjauan proyek sejenis .................................................................................... 37 Tabel 2. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ..................................................................................................... 41 Tabel 3. Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan Publik ..................................................................................... 42 Tabel 4. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelolaan ............................................................................................ 43 Tabel 5. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................................................................... 44 Tabel 6. Waktu operasional bangunan ................................................................................................. 48 Tabel 7. Analisis pendekatan kebutuhan ruang. .................................................................................. 53 Tabel 8. Analisis pendekatan kebutuhan ruang. .................................................................................. 54 Tabel 9. Analisis jumlah pengelola ....................................................................................................... 60 Tabel 10. Rata-rata jumlah pengunjung setiap hari. ............................................................................ 61 Tabel 11. Rata-rata jumlah pengunjung harian, mingguan, bulanan, tahunan. ................................... 61 Tabel 12. Rata-rata jumlah pengunjung tiap bulan. ............................................................................. 61 Tabel 13. Standart ukuran kolam renang ............................................................................................ 65 Tabel 14. Standart ukuran kolam renang ............................................................................................ 67 Tabel 15. Standart ukuran kolam renang ............................................................................................ 67 Tabel 16. Standart ukuran kolam renang ............................................................................................ 69 Tabel 17. Studi besaran ruang unit kegiatan utama ............................................................................. 71 Tabel 18. Studi besaran ruang unit kegiatan pelayanan publik ............................................................ 72 Tabel 19. Studi besaran ruang unit kegiatan pelayanan pengelolaan .................................................. 73 Tabel 20. Studi besaran ruang unit kegiatan penunjang ...................................................................... 74 Tabel 21. Presentase pengunjung Mountain Leaf Sport Club tahun 2016 ......................................... 116 Tabel 22. Matriks scoring pemilihan lokasi ....................................................................................... 119 Tabel 23. Matriks scoring pemilihan tapak. ....................................................................................... 122 Tabel 24. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ................................................................................................. 129 Tabel 25. Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan Publik ................................................................................. 130 Tabel 26. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelolaan ........................................................................................ 130 Tabel 27. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ........................................................................................... 132 Tabel 28. Program Besaran Ruang ..................................................................................................... 132
DAFTAR SKEMA
Skema 1. Pola aktivitas datang ............................................................................................................. 45 Skema 2. Pola aktivitas pulang/pergi ................................................................................................... 45 Skema 3. Pola aktivitas pengunjung ..................................................................................................... 47 Skema 4. Pola aktivitas pengelola. ....................................................................................................... 47 Skema 5. Pola sirkulasi kegiatan utama ............................................................................................... 55 Skema 6. Pola sirkulasi kegiatan publik ................................................................................................ 56 Skema 7. Pola sirkulasi kegiatan pengelolaan ...................................................................................... 57 Skema 8. Pola sirkulasi kegiatan penunjang ......................................................................................... 58