Language Functions used by President Jokowi in #Jkwvlog.
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY PRESIDENT JOKOWI IN #JKWVLOG
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of
Sunan Ampel Surabaya
THESIS
Uswatun Khasanah A03213052
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA 2017
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LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY PRESIDENT JOKOWI IN #JKWVLOG
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of
Sunan Ampel Surabaya
THESIS
Uswatun Khasanah A03213052
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA 2017
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ABSTRACT
Khasanah, Uswatun. 2017. Language FunctionS used by President Jokowi in #Jkwvlog. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
The Advisor : Dr. A Dzo’ul Milal, M. Pd
Keyword : Language Functions, Vlog, Jokowi
This study analyzes language functions used by Jokowi in his vlog #jkwvlog. The objectives of the study are to find the types of language functions used by Jokowi in his vlog uploaded in his youtube official account and to describe the most types of language function that used by Jokowi.
This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from the utterences of Jokowi in his vlog and the data source is the transcript of Jokowi’s utterence from his vlog. The researcher used theory of Jocobson to analyze language functions.
The result of this study shows there are five types of language functions categorized by Jocobson found in 8 vlog of Jokowi. They are referential, emotive, connative, phatic, and metalingual functions of language. However, the researcher found that the function of language mostly used by Jokowi in his vlog is referential function with totally used in 17 utterences. Connative functions is considered as the second most frequently used in five utterances. The third is emotive function used in four utterances. Than phatic used in three utterances. Whereas metalingual function used in 1 utterance.
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INTISARI
Khasanah, Uswatun. 2017. Language Function used by President Jokowi in
#Jkwvlog. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Seni dan Humaniora, UIN
Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Pembimbing : Dr. A Dzo’ul Milal, M. Pd
Kata Kunci : Language Functions, Vlog, Jokowi
Penelitian ini menganalisis fungsi bahasa yang digunakan oleh Jokowi dalam akun vlog #jkwvlog. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis fungsi bahasa yang digunakan oleh Jokowi dalam vlognya yang diunggah di akun resmi youtube miliknya dan untuk menggambarkan sebagian besar jenis fungsi bahasa yang digunakan oleh Jokowi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari ungkapan Jokowi di vlog-nya dan sumber datanya adalah transkrip ungkapan Jokowi dari vlog-nya. Peneliti menggunakan teori Jocobson untuk menganalisis fungsi bahasa.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada lima jenis fungsi bahasa yang dikategorikan oleh Jocobson yang ditemukan di 8 vlog Jokowi. Diantara adalah fungsi referential, emotive, connative, phatic, dan metalingual . Namun, peneliti menemukan bahwa fungsi bahasa yang banyak digunakan oleh Jokowi dalam vlognya adalah fungsi referential yang digunakan dalam 17 ungkapan. Fungsi
connative adalah terbanyak kedua yang paling sering digunakan dalam lima
ungkapan. Yang ketiga adalah fungsi emotive yang digunakan dalam empat ungkapan. Kemudian, fungsi Phatic digunakan dalam tiga ungkapan. Sedangkan fungsi metalingual digunakan dalam 1 ungkapan.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inside Cover ... i
Declaration Page ... ii
Dedication Page ... iii
Motto ... iv
Advisor’s Approval Sheet ... v
Examiners Approval Sheet ... vi
Acknowledgements ... vii
Table of Contents ... viii
Abstract ... ix
Intisari ... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1
1.2 Research Problems ... 7
1.3 Research Objective... 7
1.4 Significance of the Study ... 7
1.5 Scope ... 8
1.6 Definision of Key Terms ... 8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Function of Language ... 10
2.2 Types of Language ... 11
2.2.1 Verbal Language ... 12
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2.3.1 Referential ... 13
2.3.2 Emotive ... 13
2.3.3 Connative ... 14
2.3.4 Phatic ... 14
2.3.5 Metalingual ... 14
2.3.6 Poetic ... 14
2.4 Jokowi ... 15
2.5 Vlog ... 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 19
3.2 Data and Data Sources ... 19
3.3 Research Instrument ... 20
3.4 Data Collection... 20
3.5 Data Analysis ... 21
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Findings ... 22
4.1.1 Jalan Baru Kalimantan Barat ... 22
4.1.2 Menyusuri Jalan Trans Papua dengan Motor Trail ... 27
4.1.3 Bersama Para Pekerja Waduk Sei Gong di Batam ... 30
4.1.4 Kelahiran Dua Ekor Anak Kambing di Istana Bogor ... 30
4.1.5 Jamuan Makan Siang Bersama Raja Salman ... 33
4.1.6 Ambon ... 37
4.1.7 Piala President 2017 ... 39
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 45
5.2 Suggestion ... 46
References ... 47
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer presents background of the study that describes the reason why she intends to conduct the research. On the basis of the reasons, problems of the study, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and scope and limitations of the study are formulated. Definition of key terms is also given so that the readers are expected to have the same interpretation in understanding the present study
1.1 Background of the Study
As we know the function of language is to understand the ideas from other people. Jacobson (1960) divide the functions of language into six factors which are required for communication: (1) context, (2) addresseer (3) addressee, (4) contact, (5) common code, (6) message. Each factor is the focal point of a relation, or function, that operates between the message and the factor. The functions are the following, in order: (1) referential, (2) emotive, (3) conative, (4) phatic, (5) metalingual, and (6) poetic. In addition, Waugh (1980), Jakobson said that the addresser send message to the addressee. The message requires a context in order to be operative and needs the code which has a related common to the addresser and addressee. Besides, a contact in which the addresser and addressee has a physical
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channel and psychological connection which is enabling to stay in communication. Each factor is the focal point of a relation or function that operates between the message and the factor (Hebert, 2011).
In this modern era, people can use social media as the facility of communication to keep in touch with family as well as new and old friends. By the existence of social media, someone who cannot meet up and communicate with their family, new and old friends will be easy to reconnect the relationship. Social media, such as facebook, twitter, path, line, whatsapp, instagram, etc, can share information, file, photo, audio and video, as well as what people are thinking about. Most of people share something on their mind in those social media with the certain purposes, such as to tease someone, to give information, to share their daily activities, to give an advice or suggestion, and many others.
Vlog is short for "video blog" and is pronounced "vlog" (one syllable). A vlog is a blog, or web log, that includes video clips. It may be entirely video-based or may include both video and written commentary. Several types of vlogs are available on the Web, including instructional videos, travel updates, and personal commentaries.
People who create vlogs are known as "vloggers" Some vloggers post videos for fun, while others run vlogs for the purpose of generating revenue through advertisements. While it's possible to set up a vlog website, many vloggers post their vlogs on YouTube since it makes their videos
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easier to find. Additionally, YouTube offers free video hosting, which means vloggers can post unlimited videos without paying web hosting fees.
Vlogs isincluded into verbal language. It is called verbal language because it has the utterances which are delivered by Jokowi to the viewer in spoken toexpress desires, ideas and concepts and as vital to the processes of learning and teaching as stated by Hanes (2015).
Joko Widodo also known asJokowi, is the seventh and current President of Indonesia, in office since 2014. Previously he was Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012 and Governor ofJakarta from 2012 to 2014. He is the first Indonesian president without a high-ranking political or military background.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian president election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measure (Hollar, 2014).
This present study is important to conduct, because nowdays many people like making video and share their video into public that make them
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being famous. In vlog they can share about their life, journey, question and answer, giving information, suggestion or etc.
Some researchers have conducted the researches in various subjects, such as Alfina (2016)Language Functions Used By The Main Character In The Pacifier Movie. She conducted there are only seven from eight types of language functions categorized by Holmes that found in Shane’s utterance
when doing verbal communication with the children. They are expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic, heuristic and commissive functions of language. This research also analyze language function but she use different theory, she use Holmes theories. And she use movie for her research.
Meanwhile, Chofiyya (2016) Language Function Found in Ani Yudhoyono’s Instagram Captions. She conducted there are six language functions used by Ani Yudhoyono on her instagram captions, such as emotive function, conative function, referential function, phatic function, poetic function and metalinguistic function. The language function that is mostly used by Ani Yudhoyono is referential function. Here, Chofiyya also analyzed about language function use theory from Roman Jacobson too. She use Ani Yudhoyono’s instagram caption for her research.
Then, Saraswati (2017) Pengaruh Penggunaan Vlog (Video Blogging) Terhadap Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Atas Trimurti Surabaya. She analyze the influence of Vlogfor student’s self confident in Senior High School Trimurti Surabaya. She found that there is
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no influence of Vlog for student’s self confident in Senior High School
Trimurti Surabaya. This research also analyze Vlog but in different abject, in this research also gives tutorial how making a video blogging but in present study the writer just using vlog as general.
Irva (2016) An Analysis Of English Pronounciation Errors of Joko Widodo Speech. She analyze President Joko Widodo’s speech by focusing on consonants and vowels. Then she found there are five types of consonant errors made by President Joko Widodo. Labiodental is the most frequent errors which 159 data out of 283 or 56,18% of the percentage. Alveolar errors is 67 out of 283 or 23,67% of the percentage. Interdental errorsis 53 out of 283 or 18,72% of the percentage. Palatal errors is 3 out of 283 or 1,06% of the percentage. And velar errors is only 1 datum out of 283 or 0,35% of the percentage. She also found 114 data of errors made by President Joko Widodo in pronouncing English short and long vowels. There are three kind of errors on vowels made by President Joko Widodo. Central vowels is the most frequent errors made by Joko Widodo in his speeches. It is the highest number which 90 data out of 114 or 78,95% of the percentage. The second kind is front vowel errors. The data is 20 data out of 114 or 17,54% of the percentage. The last kind of vowel errors is back vowel. The data is 4 out of 114 or 3,51% of the percentage. In this research she also use Jokowi for the object of study but analyze of english pronounciation errors in his speech and now the present study use Jokowi as her object by using language functions.
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As many people know, the function of language is to understand the ideas from other people. So, in this study, the writer chose language functions in vlog as the topic of this research.
Meanwhile, in the present study, it is focused on analyze the kinds of language function using theory of Jacobson (1960). This study does not only analyze the kinds of language function but try to describe the meaning of language function in JkwVlog.
The writer choose Jokowi as an object for this research because, first he is one of famous people in Indonesia, he is our president. Secondly, Jokowi has many influence for indonesia since he become president, he did many program like blusukan, visited outlying place, and etc. Thirdly, beside that he is different from our president before, he also active in media social. He has instagram account, youtube channel and other.
In this case vlog are choosen to be analyzed because nowdays almost people from lower class until upper class use social media for many purposes, such as; communication with their friend, family or relation of job. As our president Jokowi, he use vlog to share about his daily activities, his journey, and his experience. By using vlog we can post on our youtube channel, it makes their videos easier to find. Additionally, youtube offers free video hosting, which means vloggers can post unlimited videos without paying.
Then, the theory used by the writer is from Roman Jocobson, about theory of language function. According to Jacobson, there are six kinds of
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language function; they are referential function, emotive function, phatic function, poetic function, connative function, and metalingual function. The writer velieves that Jokowi’s utterances carry particular function, which can
make the follower understand more about his purpose .
1.2 Research Problems
Based on background of the study above, the general research problems can be formulated into more specific case as follows:
1. What are types of language functions used in Jkwvlog? 2. What language functions are mostly used in JkwVlog?
1.3 Research Objective
Based on the problems stated previously, this study is intended to comply with the following purposes.
1. To describe types of language functions used in JkwVlog.
2. To describe language function which are mostly used in JkwVlog.
1.4 Signifance of the Study
Theoretically this study is intended to give the readers a better understanding of language functions as well as can be beneficial for the readers who are interested in discourse analysis especially in language functions by using Jakobson's (1960) theory.
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the viewer of JkwVlog feels easier to get the idea and understanding the video.
1.5 Scope
This present research focuses on the discourse analysis which concerns on the use of language functions and the interpretation of the meaning in JkwVlog. The researcher examines the language functions that occurred in the vlog of Jokowi’s vlog based on Jakobson’s (1960) theory of
language functions.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding among the readers, the terms applied in this study are defined as follows :
Language Functions is a description of how language is used to achieve its communicative purpose: trying to find out what are the purpose that language serves for human being and how people are able to achieve these purpose through speaking and listening, reading and writing. Moreover, seing whether language itself has been shaped by use and how the form of language has been determined by the functions it has evolved to serve (Halliday,1922).
Jokowiis the 7th Precident of Indonesia. His full name is Joko Widodo. Jokowi’s being a President since 2014 until now.
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and timeless, instructional and entertaining. The main thread is trying to communicate on a personal level with your audience.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the result of reviewing some theories that are related to the study. The study review consists of five parts: the function of language, types of language, types of language functions, Jokowi, Vlog.
2.1 The Function of Language
Brown and Yule (1983) approved only two terms to describe and explain the primary functions of language. They assumed that a natural language utterance is used to fulfill only one function, to the total exclusion of the other. That function which language serves in the expression of content, they describe as transactional, and that function involved in expressing social relations and personal attitudes they describe as interactional. Linguists established general assumption that the most important function of language is the communication of information. In Brown and Yule (1983:2), Lyons observes that the assumption of communication is easily used feelings, moods and attitudes.
Language has a primary function to human live; it is to convey information to each other, or request services of some kind in a variety of situations, such as use language to apologize, refuse, giving direction, asking permission, and expressing a wish. Keraf (1997:1) stated the primary function of language is as communication tool between members of the society in the form of symbol of the sound produced by human vocal
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organs. And all human being needs a language to interact with other people although they have different abilities to use and deliver the language itself. People can fulfill their need to survive through producing and receiving language.
Meanwhile, Bennett remarks „it seems likely that communication is primarily a matter of a speaker’s seeking either to inform a hearer of something or forbid some action upon him’. The language which is used to deliver factual or proportional information is called primarily transactional language. In primarily transactional language, Brown and Yule (1983) assumed that the speaker or writer has the efficient transfer of information primarily in their mind. Conversational analysts have been particularly concerned with the use of language to negotiate role-relationships, peer-solidarity, the exchange of turns in a conversation, the saving of face of both the speaker and hearer (Brown and Yule, 1983:3). It is clearly the case that a great deal of everyday human interaction is characterized by the primarily interactional rather than the primarily transactional use of language.
2.2 Types of Language
General definition of language is a system of verbal communication. In communication, language can be classified into two types which are verbal and non verbal language (Chand, 2015:1).
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2.2.1 Verbal Language
Verbal language is a form of communication which is delivered by the speaker to hearer in written and spoken to express ideas, feelings, emotions and desires as stated by Hanes (2015) that verbal communication refers to the use of sounds and language to relay a message for expressing desires, ideas and concepts and as vital to the processes of learning and teaching. It is one of the ways to communicate with others. Several of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking and language.
2.2.2 Non Verbal Language
Happiness, sadness, fear and anxiety are universal emotion which is similar to non verbal way of language. Non verbal language is expressing meaning or feeling without words such as gesture, body language, eye contact, facial expression, space, picture and painting.
It can be said as the process of communication by sending and receiving message without saying a word at all or wordless. Such wordless message can be communicated through gestures, body language, facial expressions and postures (Mikoluk, 2015:5).
Other forms of nonverbal communication include dance and music, as well as more directly representing and imitative arts such as miming, drawing, painting, sculpture and architecture (Rosengren, 2000).
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2.3Types of Language Functions
Language function by Roman Jacobson (1960). Jacobson divide the functions of language into six factors which are required for communication: context, addresseer, addressee, contact, common code, message.
Each factor is the focal point of a relation, or function, that operates between the message and the factor. The functions are the following, in order: (1) referential, (2) emotive, (3) conative, (4) phatic, (5) metalingual, and (6) poetic.
1. Referential
Referential function, in a line with factor of context. It is an information carrier. It could be describes a situation, object or mental state, such as: - The restaurant is comfotrable
- The Earth is round 2. Emotive
Emotive function is related to addresser. Language is used by the addresser to her or his feelings. It focused on the addresser, aims a direct expression of the speaker’s attitude toward what he or she is speaking about. It tends to produce an impression of a certain emotion whether feigned or true (Jakobson, 1960:354). It is best exemplified by interjections, such as:
- Oh no!
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3. Connative
Conative function engages the addressee directly. It means that language is used to ask the addressee (hearer) to act or do something. It is commonly found in commands or requests. It is best illustrated by imperatives, such as:
- Come here
- Close the door 4. Phatic
Phatic function is associated with the contact or channel factor such as greeting, also to open communication. For example:
- Hello?
- Assalamualaikum.. 5. Metalingual
Metalingual function is the use of language to discuss or describe itself, to clarify or renegotiate it. Metalinguistic is also commonly used in questions in which the message needs clarification, such as:
- True love's kiss? It's the most powerful thing in the world
- I cannot hear you, what do you say? 6. Poetic
Poetic function is the operative function in poetry as well as slogans. It uses rhyme, alliteration and assonance, such as:
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In his book, Jakobson stated that its slogan, succinctly structured, consists of three monosyllables and three dipthongs /ay/ (Jakobson, 1960:357). It is using poetic features such as rhyming words and alliteration.
Factors of communication and functions of language Target
factor and function no.
TARGET FACTOR
SOURCE FACTOR
FUNCTION
1 Context Message Referential
2 Addresser Message Emotive
3 Addressee Message Conative
4 Contact Message Phatic
5 Code Message Metalingual
6 Message Message Poetic
2.4 Jokowi
Joko Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, was born in June,21 1961 in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Jokowi is an Indonesian bussinessman, politican, and goverment official. He successfully atracted international attention with his populist style of campaigning and his anticoruption platform. His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics (Hollar, 2014).
Hollar (2014) state that Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gajah Mada University in Yogyakarta, from which he graduated in 1985 with a degree in forestry engineering.
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Jokowi, as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P), won election as mayor of Surakarta in 2005. He was extraordinarily effective in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourist to the city. His habit of making spontaneous visits to poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for his public service contributed to his reputation for humily and honesty.
In 2010, Jokowi was reelected as mayor with more than 90 percent of vote .he was later ranked as the third best mayor in the world by the International City Mayors Foundation. During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared in the media to U.S. President Barack Obama partly because there was a physical resemblance and Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic non-traditional politican. Jokowi outsed the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and, as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’access to health care and education.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian president election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto. Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October 20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as among his top
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priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measure (Hollar, 2014).
2.5Vlog
“Video blogging” is defined as producing and sharing user generated video (Molyneaux et al., 2008). Video-blogging is a form of blogging that features video shorts instead of text. The tools used for video blogging are different from those used for text blogs. Whereas text blogging requires only text editing tools, video blogging also requires video recording and uploading tools. In the early days of blogging, video blogs were called podcasts, a term generally used to describe both audio and video blog posts; now they are often called vlogs.
According to Dean (2005), a popular technology news website, most video blogs have a home-grown, experimental feel, often including clips of the author‟s daily activities. Video blog posts are usually no more than five minutes long. According to Luers (2007), video bloggers make their videos accessible to the public in an effort to encourage conversation and elicit feedback among their peers.
Text blogs can be edited easily and require good writing skills. Video blogs on the other hand are based on temporal data and they are not
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related to any established tradition like text blogs. Also video blogs can be time taking to edit once posted. Video blogs are more expensive to create than text blogs. The consumers of blogs are less likely to identify with the authors of normal text blogs as it is harder to show the personality of a person through text. The personality of bloggers can be conveyed easily through video blogs.
Video blogs are videos recorded by an individual on his own and the content of the video is usually related to the person‟s life or his opinion on some issue. Video blogs are usually hosted on video sharing sites such as YouTube, Blip.tv, Vimeo, MySpace video.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer discussed method of the study. It described research design, instruments, data sources, data collection, and data
analysis.
3.1 Research Design
The writer applied descriptive qualitative approach in her research. It was descriptive because she became the main instrument in conducting her research and also she would described the data in the form of language functions that the words served systematically and accurately in the utterances. And this research was qualitative because she investigated all utterences that used by Jokowi in JkwVlog.
1.1 3.2 Data and Data Sources
The data source of this research was taken from a video blog(vlog) . #Jkwvlog is a video blog that made by President Jokowi. The writer
downloaded this video from
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5Rb3KzLrXztoCKUvx6ASvjkpa PVo5etx. The researcher choosed the vlog which are posted start from 26th September 2016 until 2nd July 2017. During the period, Jokowi posted any video in his channel. It is impossible to analyzed all of them. So, the
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researcher only chose 8 video about #jkwvlog. The researcher believed that 8 vlogs are sufficient to conduct this present study.
3.3 Research Instrument
The only research instrument of this present study was the researcher herself. This case is usually known as human instrument. Human instrumentwas applied because the collection andidentification of Jokowi utterances based on Jacobson theory were also collected and identified by the researcher. The researcher collected the data after watching the video. Then, another supporting instrument that used to gather the data of this research are books, internet and laptop.
3.4 Data Collection
The data were collected from Jokowi’s vlog. All of the data are the words, phrases, even sentences which contain language functions based on the Jakobson’s theory as found in Jokowi’s vlog. The necessary steps of collecting the data are as follows:
1. The researcher selected vlog on Jokowi’s youtube official channel. 2. The researcher transcribed the vlog into word for twice.
- The researcher typing the word directly three times
- Only typing
- Correction of the lost word or sentences, because in the first the researcher only typing.
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- Completing all utterances.
- The researcher play the video and correction all utterances
3. The researcher make coding of language function to easy her analysis
NO FUNCTION CODE
1 REFERENTIAL R
2 EMOTIVE E
3 CONNATIVE C
4 PHATIC PH
5 METALINGUAL M
6 POETIC PO
4. The researcher gave underline into word or sentences that contained language functions and putting code in each utterance.
5.The researcher classified into 6 language functions.
1.5 Data Analysis
1. The researcher analyzed of Jokowi’s utterance on vlog which were containing six language functions based on Jacobson’s theory. 2. Used table that containe number data, utterances, time and code of
language functions.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the researcher presents two points. The first point of this chapter is data findings and the second point is discussions. Furthermore, this chapter provides more detail reflection on the findings and displays all the result of data analysis. Therefore, the research questions are answered within this chapter.
4.1Findings
This part explains the findings of the research regarding the thypes of language functions used by Jokowi in jkwvlog. To be more specific, each of language function found in President Jokowi’s vlog is elaborated in the following sub headings:
Tabel 4.1.1 Jalan Baru Kalimantan Barat, June 6th , 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data 1 Jadi selama dua setengah tahun ini di
Kalimantan dikerjakan 1900 kilometer jalan jalan seperti ini.
0:15 – 0:25 R
Data 2 Kita tadi dari pagi tiga setengah jam dr Putussibau menuju Nanga Badau kurang lebih 170 kilometer.
0:35 – 0:48 R
Data 3 Ada 27 kilometer yang masih berupa tanah tapi nanti akan di kerjakan pagi, siang, malam oleh kementrian PU.
0:55 – 1:00 R
Data 4 Ya ini saya dengan Pak Mentri PU. Halo Pak Mentri Pu.
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Data 5 Memang belum selesai kurang lebih 27 kilo, ini masih apa, sudah terbuka tapi jalan masih berupa tanah seperti ini.
1:20 – 1:28 R
Data 6 Ini selesai kapan pak mentri yang belum teraspal? Jadi ini akan selesai akhir 2017 atau paling lambat awal 2018.
1:38 – 1:48 M
Data 7 Iya makasih pak Menteri. 1:48 – 1:50 E
Data 1
Time : 0:15 – 0:25
Utterance : Jadi selama dua setengah tahun ini di Kalimantan dikerjakan 1900 kilometer jalan jalan seperti ini.
(So for two and a half years in Kalimantan was built 1900 kilometres road like this).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The restaurant is comfortable and the menu also very delicious. Based on the utterance above, the writer also found out that “di Kalimantan dikerjakan 1900 kilometer jalan-jalan seperti ini” is includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi was described the location in vlog that He is in Kalimantan now. Looking from the context, Jokowi with cabinet minister of general working take a survey in the road that being finishing in the end of 2017 or the beginning of 2018.
Data 2
Time : 0:35 – 0:48
Utterance : Kita tadi dari pagi tiga setengah jam dari Putussibau menuju Nanga Badau kurang lebih 170 kilometer.
(35)
and a half and its 170 kilometers). Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The class is very crowded, so the teacher feels uncomfortable. From the utterance above, the writer also found that “Kita tadi dari pagi tiga setengah jam dari Putussibau menuju Nanga Badau kurang lebih 170 kilometers” is includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi describes the distance from Putussibau to Nanga Badau almost four hours and 170 kilometers.
Data 3
Time : 0:55 – 1:00
Utterance : Ada 27 kilometer yang masih berupa tanah tapi nanti akan di kerjakan pagi, siang, malam oleh kementrian PU.
(There are 27 kilometers roads that still form land, but will be done in the morning, noon,night by the cabinet minister of general working).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The condition of sacrifice of earthquake in Medan was very concerned. The writer analyze that “there are 27 kilometres road not finish yet” is includes as referential function. It could be known because here Jokowi discribes there are 27 kilometers from 1900 kilometers that finish yet in Trans Papua roads.
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Data 4
Time : 1:00 – 1:02
Utterance : Ya ini saya dengan Pak Mentri PU. Halo Pak Mentri Pu.
(Yes, I am with Mr Cabinet Minister of General Working. Hello Mr Cabinet).
Type of LF : Phatic (Ph)
Phatic function is the function of language that used to open communication or greeting someone. For example : Bonjour sir, how are you today?. Based on the utterance, the writer found out that “Halo Pak Mentri PU” has function to accost or greet semeone. Here, Jokowi greets cabinet minister of general working that accompany him to survey the project in Kalimantan. Thus, “halo” is includes into phatic function.
Data 5
Time : 1:20 – 1:28
Utterance : Memang belum selesai kurang lebih 27 kilo, ini masih apa, sudah terbuka tapi jalan masih berupa tanah seperti ini.
(It has no finished approximately 27 kilos, it has been opened but the roads is still form a land like this).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Bali is a place that has any beautiful beach like Sanur beach, Pandawa beach, etc. Here, the writer also found that utterance is includes as referential function. It could be known because “...sudah terbuka tapi jalan masih berupa tanah seperti ini” is describes the condition of 27 kilometers Kalimantan’s road already open but the roads still full with land.
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Data 6
Time : 1:38 – 1:48
Utterance : Ini selesai kapan pak mentri yang belum teraspal? Jadi ini akan selesai akhir 2017 atau paling lambat awal 2018.
(When it’s finished sir? So it will be finish in the end of 2017 or in the beggining 2018).
Type of LF : Metalingual (M)
Metalingual function is the function of language that used in which the massage needs clarification or renegotiate it. For example : I cannot hear you, what do you say?. This utterance is includes as metalingual function. It could be known because “Ini selesai kapan pak mentri yang belum teraspal? Jadi ini akan selesai akhir 2017 atau paling lambat awal 2018” is a massage that needs clarification. Here Jokowi ask to cabinet minister of general working about the projoct of Kalimantan’s road finish and Jokowi clarrify it will be finish in the end of 2017 or in the beggining 2018.
Data 7
Time : 1:48 – 1:50
Utterance : Iya makasih Pak Mentri. (Okey thank you Sir). Type of LF : Emotive (E)
Emotive function is the function of language that used to expression of feeling or emotion of the addresser. For example : Rina says thanks to her parents for the best gift that she ever get. The writer also found that “....makasih...” is includes as emotive function. It could be known because
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“...makasih..” is express Jokowi’s feeling because cabinet minister of general working accompany him to countrol the project of Kalimantan’s road.
4.1.2 Menyusuri Trans Papua Dengan Motor Trail, May 24th 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data 8 Kita ini berada di ruas jalur Wamena
menuju Agats dan kenyam sepanjang 287 kilometer.
0:53 – 1:05 R
Data 9 Jalan trans papua ini menjadi sebuah gambaran komitmen pemerintah terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur.
1:06 – 1:16 R
Data 10
Betapa sangat sulitnya, sangat sulit medan yang ada disini, sangat berat membelah belantara, naik gunung yg sangat tinggi dan menyebrangi sungai .
1:17 – 1:28 R
Data 11
Inilah medan berat yang di alami baik oleh kementrian PU, maupun TNI, yang bersama-sama membangun jalan di trans papua ini.
1:30 – 1:41 R
Data 8
Time : 0:53 – 1:05
Utterance : Kita ini berada di ruas jalur Wamena menuju Agats dan Kenyam sepanjang 287 kilometer.
(We are located on the Wamena line to Agats and Kenyam for 287 kilometers).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The class is very hot, there is no air conditioner and it makes the student didnot focus study. Here, the writer analyze that “287 kilometers” is includes as referential function. It could be known
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because Jokowi described the distance from Agats to Kenya about 287 kilometers. Now he come to Wamena to see the project of Trans Papua road using motor trail.
Data 9
Time : 1:06 – 1:16
Utterance : Jalan trans papua ini menjadi sebuah gambaran komitmen pemerintah terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur.
(This trans Papua road become a picture of the goverment’s commitment to infrastructure development).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The earth is round. The writer also analyze that “Jalan trans papua ini menjadi sebuah gambaran komitmen pemerintah terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur” is includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi gives information to the viewer that Trans Papua roads is the realization commitment of goverment about infrastucture building.
Data 10
Time : 1:17 – 1:28
Utterance : Betapa sangat sulitnya, sangat sulit medan yang ada disini, sangat berat membelah belantara, naik gunung yang sangat tinggi dan menyebrangi sungai .
(How terribly difficult the terrain here is, dividing the wilderness, going up a very high mountain and crossing the river).
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Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : The condition of refugeer inj Syiria was very poor. Based on the utterance above, the writer analyze that language function use is referential function. It could be known because Jokowi describes condition of the roads in Papua. This is the utterance “sangat sulit medan yang ada disini, sangat berat membelah belantara, naik gunung yg sangat tinggi dan menyebrangi sungai” is describes the condition of Papua’s road.
Data 11
Time : 1:30 – 1:41
Utterance : Inilah medan berat yang di alami baik oleh kementrian PU, maupun TNI, yang bersama-sama membangun jalan di trans papua ini.
(This is a hard field that experienced by both the ministry and even TNI, which together build this trans Papua roads). Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : In Surabaya there is a famous zoo that named Surabaya Zoo. The writer also analyze that “Inilah medan berat yang di alami baik oleh kementrian PU, maupun TNI,...” is includes as referential function. It could be known because here Jokowi inform beside the laborer there are cabinet minister of general working and TNI helped the project of Trans Papua roads.
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4.1.3 Bersama Para Pekerja Waduk Sei Gong di Batam, March, 31 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data
12
Ya, jadi ini proyek waduk Sei Gong di Batam yang di mulai 2016 dan mungkin akan selsai kira-kira nanti pertengahan atau paling lambat akhir 2018.
0:05 - 0:28 R
Data 12
Time : 0:05 - 0:28
Utterance : Ya, jadi ini proyek waduk Sei Gong di Batam yang di mulai 2016 dan mungkin akan selesai kira-kira nanti pertengahan atau paling lambat akhir 2018.
(Ya, this is Sei Gong reservoir project in Batam that start 2016 and maybe will be done in the middle or the end of 2018). Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Now we visited Jogja, here we besides we can travelling we also can learn about culture in Jogja. From this vlog the writer also found out that “Ya, jadi ini proyek waduk Sei Gong di Batam” is includes as referential function. It could be known because it describes photo in this vlog also describe the project planning of Waduk Sei Gong.
4.1.4 Kelahiran Dua Ekor Anak Kambing di Istana Bogor, March, 13th 2017
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LF Data
13
Pagi ini saya merasa gembira sekali. 0:09 – 0:12 E
Data 14
Alhamdulullah tadi pagi telah lahir lagi 2 anak ekor kambing yang saya pelihara.
0:13 – 0:23 E
Data 15
Ini coba lihat lucu-lucu ini, nihh.... dan yang ini lahirnya 2 minggu yang lalu.
0:24 – 0:36 C
Data 16
Jadi dua bulan yang lalu lahir satu ekor, seminggu yang lalu lahir dua ekor, hari ini dua ekor. Jadi anaknya ada lima dan induknya ada lima. Jadi sekarang saya punya kambing totalnya 10.
0:41 – 1:03 R
Data 13
Time : 0:09 – 0:12
Utterance : Pagi ini saya merasa gembira sekali. ( In this morning I fell so happy). Type of LF : Emotive (E)
Emotive function is the function of language that used to expression of feeling or emotion of the addresser. For the example : Rahma feels happy when she finished her study in University. From the utterance above, it includes as emotive function because Jokowi said that he is happy now. The word “gembira” describe emotion of happiness.
Datum 14
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yang saya pelihara.
(Alhamdulillah, this morning my goats that I protect was born two new babies goat).
Type of LF : Emotive (E)
Emotive function is the function of language that used to expression of feeling or emotion of the addresser. For example : Thanks to allah that gives me a kindly parents. In this vlog, Jokowi express his emotion of happiness by saying alhamdulillah. So, this language “alhamdulillah” include into emotive function. The word “alhamdulillah” means that Jokowi feels blessed for his goats birth. We can looked at the vlog that he really happy.
Datum 15
Time : 0:24 – 0:36
Utterance : Ini coba lihat lucu-lucu ini, nih...dan yang ini lahirnya dua minggu yang lalu.
(See, this is funny and cute...and its was born two weeks ago) Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. It is commonly found in commands or requests. For exapmle : Close the door, please!. The writer found out that “coba lihat” is includes as connative or directive function because Jokowi asks or invite the viewer to looked for his babys goat. He said that his babys goat are very funny.
Datum 16
Time : 0:41 – 1:03
Utterance : Jadi dua bulan yang lalu lahir satu ekor, seminggu yang lalu lahir dua ekor, hari ini dua ekor. Jadi anaknya ada lima dan
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10.
( So, two months ago boprn one goat, a week ago born two goats, today two goats. So there are five babies goats and five mother goats. So, now I have ten goats).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Today Rina’s cat born 2 kittens, so she has 5 babys kitten from 2 cat in her home. In this utterance above, the writer found that “Jadi sekarang saya punya kambing totalnya 10” is includes as referential function because it is gives information that two months ago was born one goat, last week born two goats, and today two goats born too. And now Jokowi has ten babys goat from five mother’s goat.
4.1.5 Jamuan Makan Siang Bersama Raja Salman, March 1st 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data
17
Assalamualaikum
warahmatullahiwabarakatu
0:02 – 0:06 Ph
Data 18
Saat ini saya sedang bersantap siang dengan Yang Mulia Sri Baginda Raja Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
0:08 – 0:23 R
Data 19
Kunjungan ini merupakan kunjungan balasan dua tahnu yang lalu, saat itu saya menyampaikan undangan agar beliau Sri Baginda Raja Salman bisa berkunjung ke Indonesia.
0:35 – 0:50 R
Data 20
Kunjungan ini juga merupakan kunjungan bersejarah setelah 47 tahun kedatangan Raja Saudi Arabiyah ke Indoinesia.
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Data 21
Beliau mungkin inginn menyampaikan sedikit kepada kita semuanya. Silahkan Sri Baginda Raja Salman.
1:16 – 1:23 C
Data 22
Terima kasih yang mulia, semoga kunjungan ini dapat meningkatkan hubungan baik kita antara kerajaan Saudi Arabia dengan negara kita Indonesia.
2:05 – 2:25 E
Data 17
Time : 0:02 – 0:06
Uterrance : Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu Type of LF : Phatic (Ph)
Phatic function is the function of language that used to open communication or greeting someone. For example : Hello Tommy, whats going on?. The writer also analyze that “Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu” is includes as a phatic function. It could be known because here Jokowi greets the viewer of his vlog using Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu.
Data 18
Time : 0:08 – 0:23
Uterrance : Saat ini saya sedang bersantap siang dengan Yang Mulia Sri Baginda Raja Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
( At this time I have a lunch with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to describe time or condition and informatif. For example : Today will be final exam
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referential function because it gives the information that Jokowi have a lunc with King Salman. They met in the invitation agenda of King Salman in Indonesia.
Data 19
Time : 0:35 – 0:50
Uterrance : Kunjungan ini merupakan kunjungan balasan dua tahnu yang lalu, saat itu saya menyampaikan undangan agar beliau Sri Baginda Raja Salman bisa berkunjung ke Indonesia.
(This visit is a reply for two years visited ago, at that time I deliver invitation to King Salman for come to Indonesia). Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Obama come to Indonesia for his private holiday trip. Besides that, the writer also found out that “Kunjungan ini merupakan kunjungan balasan dua tahun yang lalu,...” is includeds into referential function because Jokowi describes purpose of King Salman come to Indonesia, it happend because two years ago Jokowi sending invitation to King Salman for visiting Indonesia.
Data 20
Time : 1:00 – 1:14
Uterrance : Kunjungan ini juga merupakan kunjungan bersejarah setelah 47 tahun kedatangan Raja Saudi Arabiyah ke Indoinesia.
( This visit also ahistoric visit after 47 years visited King of Saudi Arabiyah to Indonesia ).
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Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. Obama come to Indonesia for his private holiday trip. Here, the writer also classify that “Kunjungan ini juga merupakan kunjungan bersejarah setelah 47 tahun kedatangan Raja Saudi Arabiyah ke Indoinesia” includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi describes the situation of time King Salman visited Indonesia after 47 years.
Data 21
Time : 1:16 – 1:23
Uterrance : Beliau mungkin ingin menyampaikan sedikit kepada kita semuanya. Silahkan Sri Baginda Raja Salman.
( He may wants to tell us a little bit. Please, King Salma). Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. For example : Rina come here, please!. This word “Silahkan” includes as connative function. The word “silahkan” it adressee to Sri Baginda Raja Salman and Jokowi gives the time for Sri Baginda Raja Salman to deliver his speech for Indonesian people that watching this vlog.
Data 22
Time : 2:05 – 2:25
Uterrance : Terima kasih yang mulia, semoga kunjungan ini dapat meningkatkan hubungan baik kita antara kerajaan Saudi Arabia dengan negara kita Indonesia.
(Thank you so much, hopefully this visit can enhance our good relationship between the kingdom of Saudi Arabiyah and our
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Type of LF : Emotive (E)
Emotive function is the function of language that used to expression of feeling or emotion of the addresser. For example : I am really happy to meet you. In this utterence, the writer found that “Terima kasih yang mulis, semoga...” is includes as emotive function because it is express Jokowi’s emotion feeling by saying thanks to King Salman received his invitation for visiting Indonesia.
4.1.6 Ambon, February, 10 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data
23
Saya baru saja membagi kartu Indonesia sehat dan Indonesia pintar di Ambon.
0:05 – 0:17 R
Data 24
Dan malam hari ini saya bersama dengan Pak Mentri dan Pak Gubernur makan bakso, baru makan bakso.
0:18 – 0:35 R
Data 25
Nih lihat baksonya, makan bakso dan juga minum es teh.
0:35 – 0:45 C
Data 23
Time : 0:05 – 0:17
Utterance : Saya baru saja membagi kartu Indonesia sehat dan Indonesia pintar di Provinsi Maluku kususnya di Ambon.
(I have just dispart Indonesian healthy cards and Indonesian smart cards in Maluku province especially in Ambon).
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Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Khofifah gives some money to poor people for go to hospital. Here, the writer also found that “Saya baru saja membagi kartu Indonesia sehat dan Indonesia pintar di Ambon” includes into referential function because Jokowi gives information to viewer that He had done dispense Indonesian healthy card and Indonesian smart card in province Maluku especially in Ambon.
Data 24
Time : 0:18 – 0:35
Utterence : Dan malam hari ini saya bersama dengan Pak Mentri dan Pak Gubernur makan bakso, baru makan bakso.
( And tonight I am with the minister and governor eat meatballs). Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : In this picture show that last week there is an important meeting in presidential palace. Based on the vlog, the writer found out that this utterence is includes as referential function because Jokowi gives explanation that this night he has dinner with the Governor of Ambon. They eaten meatballs together.
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Utterence : Nih lihat baksonya, makan bakso dan juga minum es teh. ( Lets see the meatballs, eat meatballs and drink ice tea). Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. For example : Let’s me visited Borobudur temple. Besides that, the writer found out that “nih lihat baksonya” includes into connative function because Jokowi asks the viewer to see the meatballs that he eat with Governor of Ambon.
4.1.7 Piala President 2017, February, 4th 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
LF Data
26
Saat ini saya sedang ,menyaksikan pertandingan sepak bola turnamen piala presiden 2017 antara PSS Sleman dan Persipura Jayapura.
0:00 – 0:18 R
Data 27
Ayo kita lihat sejenak, selamat menyaksikan.
0:20 – 0:25 C
Data 26
Time : 0:00 – 0:18
Utterence : Saat ini saya sedang ,menyaksikan pertandingan sepak bola turnamen piala presiden 2017 antara PSS Sleman dan Persipura Jayapura
(I am currently watching the football tournament presidential 2017 between PSS Sleman and Persipura Jayapura).
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Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : In XXI Cinema’s Royal plaza now play Jailangkung’s movie. Besides, the writer also found out that utterence is included as referential function. It could be known because here Jokowi gives information to us that now he watch football tournament among PSS Sleman and Persipura Jayapura .
Data 27
Time : 0:20 – 0:25
Utterence : Ayo kita lihat sejenak, selamat menyaksikan. (Let’s see together, have a good time watching). Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. For example : Can you help me to move this chair in front of my room!. The writer found out that “ayo kita lihat” is includes as connative function. It could be connative because Jokowi invited us to see the football match between PSS Sleman vs Persipura Jayapura.
4.1.8 Mampir di kopi Tuku, brand lokal citarasa internasional July, 2nd 2017
No Utterances Time Code of
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Data 28
Ya jadi ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi. Saya bersama pemilik ini Mas Tio.
0:22 – 0:33 R
Data 29
Ya selamat siang. 0:34 – 0:34 Ph
Data 30
Ya silahkan di coba. 1:45 – 1:46 C
Data 28
Time : 0:22 – 0:33
Utterence : Ya jadi ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi. Saya bersama pemilik ini Mas Tio.
( Ya, now I visited in Tuku, Tuku coffee. I am with the owner, this is Mr Tio).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Today is gloomy, the cloud was dark. Here, the writer found out that “...ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi.” is includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi informing to viewer that now he enjoying a coffee in Tuku cafe. Jokowi also meets with the owner of Tuku cafe, he is Mr Tio.
Data 29
Time : 0:34 – 0:34 Utterence : Ya selamat siang.
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Type of LF : Phatic (Ph)
Phatic function is the function of language that used to open communication or greeting someone. For example : Hello Tommy, whats going on?. Then, the writer analyze that utterance includes as phatic function. It could be known because “selamat siang” used by Jokowi for greets Mr Tio as the owner of Tuku coffee.
Data 30
Time : 1:45 – 1:46
Utterence : Ya silahkan di coba. (Yes you can try it). Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. For example : Can you help me to move this chair in front of my room!. The writer found out that utterance includes as a connative function. It utterance could be known because the word “silahkan” used by Jokowi for invited the viewer to came and enjoyed coffee in Tuku cafe.
4.2Discussion
In communication, language is classified into two kinds; verbal and non verbal language. Vlog is included into both verbal language. It is called verbal language because it has the utterance which are delivered by Jokowi to the viewer in spoken to express desires, ideas and concepts and as vital to the processes of learning and teaching as stated by Hanes (2015).
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This present study has related topic with the previous studies, which are investigated the functions of language although conducted by different proposed theory, research problems, and object of the study. The study conducted by Alfina (2016) was closely related to this present study since it has similar object of study, which is done in the movie. The study done by Alfina (2016) is only focused on identifying the types of language function used by characters of Shane in the Pasifier Movie. The result of her study revealed there are seven language functions based on Holmes theories. They are: expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic, heuristic and commissive function.
However, this present study was extremely different with the previous study because the researcher analyzes and describes the language function based on Jocobson’ theory. The result of this study demonstrated that the language functions found in Jokowi vlog are seventeenth referential functions, four emotive functions, five connative functions, three phatic functions and one metalingual function based on Jacobson’ theory. The types of language function that mostly used in Jokowi vlog is referential dunctions. Jokowi used referential function in his utterance when he give information and describe somethings that he do in his vlog.
Besides, the writer also found out five connative functions. It is includes the second mostly language function after referential function that used by Jokowi in his vlog. Jokowi used connative function to ask the
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example in vlog 4 Jokowi ask the viewer to see his new babys goat that live in Bogor Palacce.
Then, the writer also found four emotive functions of language and three phatic functions. The last is metalingual function, the writer only found one function because it is seldom used by Jokowi.
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References
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Clark. (1997).Psychology and Language: An Introduction toPsycholinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press. .
Dean, K. (2005).Blogging + video = vlogging. Retrieved from
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http://www.livestrong.com/article/150573-what-is-verbalcommunication/
Hollar, Sherman. (2014).Joko Widodo: President of Indonesia
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Molyneaux et.al., (2008).New Visual Media and Gender: A content, Visual and Audience Analysis of YouTube Vlog. Montreal, Canada.
Rosengren, K. E. (2000).Communication: An Introduction. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Retrieved from books.google.co.id
Saraswati.(2017)Pengaruh Penggunaan Vlog (Video Blogging) Terhadap Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Atas Trimurti
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Data 28
Ya jadi ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi. Saya bersama pemilik ini Mas Tio.
0:22 – 0:33 R
Data 29
Ya selamat siang. 0:34 – 0:34 Ph
Data 30
Ya silahkan di coba. 1:45 – 1:46 C
Data 28
Time : 0:22 – 0:33
Utterence : Ya jadi ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi. Saya bersama pemilik ini Mas Tio.
( Ya, now I visited in Tuku, Tuku coffee. I am with the owner, this
is Mr Tio).
Type of LF : Referential (R)
Referential function is the function of language that used to desribes a situation or object. For example : Today is gloomy, the cloud was dark. Here, the writer found out that “...ini saya baru mampir di Tuku, Tuku kopi.” is includes as referential function. It could be known because Jokowi informing to viewer that now he enjoying a coffee in Tuku cafe. Jokowi also meets with the owner of Tuku cafe, he is Mr Tio.
Data 29
Time : 0:34 – 0:34 Utterence : Ya selamat siang.
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Type of LF : Phatic (Ph)
Phatic function is the function of language that used to open communication or greeting someone. For example : Hello Tommy, whats going on?. Then, the writer analyze that utterance includes as phatic function. It could be
known because “selamat siang” used by Jokowi for greets Mr Tio as the owner of
Tuku coffee.
Data 30
Time : 1:45 – 1:46
Utterence : Ya silahkan di coba. (Yes you can try it). Type of LF : Connative (C)
Connative function is the function of language that used to ask the addressee to do something. For example : Can you help me to move this chair in front of my room!. The writer found out that utterance includes as a connative function. It utterance could be known because the word “silahkan” used by
Jokowi for invited the viewer to came and enjoyed coffee in Tuku cafe.
4.2Discussion
In communication, language is classified into two kinds; verbal and non verbal language. Vlog is included into both verbal language. It is called verbal language because it has the utterance which are delivered by Jokowi to the viewer in spoken to express desires, ideas and concepts and as vital to the processes of learning and teaching as stated by Hanes (2015).
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This present study has related topic with the previous studies, which are investigated the functions of language although conducted by different proposed theory, research problems, and object of the study. The study conducted by Alfina (2016) was closely related to this present study since it has similar object of study, which is done in the movie. The study done by Alfina (2016) is only focused on identifying the types of language function used by characters of Shane in the Pasifier Movie. The result of her study revealed there are seven language functions based on Holmes theories. They are: expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic, heuristic and commissive function.
However, this present study was extremely different with the previous study because the researcher analyzes and describes the language function based on Jocobson’ theory. The result of this study demonstrated that the language functions found in Jokowi vlog are seventeenth referential functions, four emotive functions, five connative functions, three phatic functions and one metalingual function based on Jacobson’ theory. The types of language function that mostly used in Jokowi vlog is referential dunctions. Jokowi used referential function in his utterance when he give information and describe somethings that he do in his vlog.
Besides, the writer also found out five connative functions. It is includes the second mostly language function after referential function that used by Jokowi in his vlog. Jokowi used connative function to ask the
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example in vlog 4 Jokowi ask the viewer to see his new babys goat that live in Bogor Palacce.
Then, the writer also found four emotive functions of language and three phatic functions. The last is metalingual function, the writer only found one function because it is seldom used by Jokowi.
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