Use of Deixis in Donald Trump’s Campaign Speech Chapter III V

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design
This research applied qualitative method with qualitative content analysis
method. Qualitative content analysis method is a method of analysing written, verbal or
visual communication messages (Cole, 1988). Therefore, it is a method for summarizing
some forms of content by counting various aspects of the content. It means that the
research is designed to summarize the content to be known the various aspects of the
content.
Sometimes the analysis of qualitative data is only briefly covered through
„coding‟ and the generation of theory from data. According to Miles and Huberman
(2014:5) qualitative research is conducted through intense and/or prolonged contact
with participants in a naturalistic setting to investigate the everyday and/or exceptional
lives of individuals, groups, societies, and organizations. Qualitative research uses
inductive thinking to analyze the data, which the researcher gets by, analyze identified
fact. The object of qualitative content analysis can be all sort of recorded
communication materials analyzed can be textbooks, newspaper, web pages, transcripts
of interviews, speeches, television programs, advertisement, musical compositions or
other type documents.
3.2

Sources of Data and Data
The source of data are collected the Donald Trump‟s campaign speech.

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1.

The first campaign speech on August 15th, 2016 with topic about “How to Make

America

Safe

Again”

as

retrieved

from

(http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-terrorism-speech227025).
And the data presented in this analysis are the utterances of Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech in form scripts which are obtained from the internet.
3.3

Technique of Collecting Data
The technique for collecting data in this research take the following steps below

:
1.

First,

finding

the

script

of

Donald

Trump‟s

campaign

speech

in

(http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-terrorism-speech227025).
2.

Underlining deictic words found in the script of Donald Trump‟s

campaign

speech.
3.

Classifying the types of deictic words in the script of Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech.

4.

Calculating the types of deictic words found in Donald Trump‟s campaign
speech.

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3.4

Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analaysis in this research is focused on four

characteristics, according to Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014), visualization:

Data
Collectio
n

Data
Display

Conclusion:
Drawing/Verify
ing

Data
Condensa
tion

1.

Data collection

This research begins with the steps of collecting data.

2.

Data condensation
The whole data on source data are condensed. In this research, the source of

data are campaign speech of Donald Trump from website.
a.

Selecting the data, the campaign speech of Donald Trump on August

15th,

2016 with topic about “How to Make America Safe Again”.
b.

Focusing the data, the data was focused on the use of deixis in utterances of

Donald Trump‟s campaign speech.

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c.

Simplifying the data, the data had been simplified with selected

utterances

from campaign speech based on the problem.
d.

Abstracting the data, the data had been analyzed using Levinson and Yule
theories.

e.

Transforming the data, the data had been transform into description

based

on the table.
3.

Data display
Generically, a display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that
allows conclusion drawing and action. The process of reading, analyzing, had
been chosen through campaign speech of Donald Trump that contain the data for
analysis.

4.

Drawing and verifying conclusion
From the start of data collection, the qualitative analyst interprets what things
mean by noting patterns, explanation, causal flows and proposition. From the
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech, the types of deixis namely personal,
temporal, spatial, discourse, and social would be found based on Levinson and
Yule theory, then the reasons of using dominant type of deixis and whether or
not the types of deixis appropriately in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech would

be identified.

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CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 The Data Analysis
The data had been analyzed based on Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996) theories
to find out the types of deixis namely, personal deixis, temporal deixis, spatial deixis,
discourse deixis and social deixis, to find out the reasons for the use of dominant type of
deixis, and to find out whether or not the deixis is used appropriately in Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech.

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4.1.1

Types of deixis in Donald Trump’s campaign speech

The campaign speech of Donald Trump on August 15th, 2016 about “How to Make America Safe Again” in Clevelnd, Ohio.

No

Utterances

1

Thank you. It is great to be
with you this afternoon.

Personal
1. It

Temporal
1. Afternoon

Types of Deixis

Spatial
-

2. You

Discourse
1. This

Social
1. Thank you

References
The use of “Thank you” refers to the
appreciation from Donald Trump in
his campaign speech to audience. The
use of “It” refers to how great Donald
Trump‟s feeling to give a campaign
speech. The use of “You” refers to
the audience, and the American
people who watch, listen or attend the
campaign speech. The use of “This”
refers to the day that speech is
delivered. The use of “Afternoon”
refers to the day where Donald
Trump gave a campaign speech about
how to make America safe again.

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No

Utterances

2

Today
we
begin
a
conversation about how to
Make America Safe Again.

3

In the 20th Century, the
United
States
defeated
Fascism,
Nazism,
and
Communism.

-

4

Now, a different threat
challenges our world: Radical
Islamic Terrorism.

1. Our

Personal
1. We

Temporal
1. Today

1. In the 20th
Century

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. America

1. The United
States

1. Now

-

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

-

-

References
The use of “Today” refers to the day
where Donald Trump gave a
campaign speech about how to make
America safe again. The pronoun
“We” refers to the Donald Trump as
the speaker, the audience, and the
American people who watch, listen or
attend the campaign speech. The use
of “America” refers to the country.
The country where Donald Trump
gave a campaign speech and be a
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “In the 20th Century”
refers to the period where the United
States defeated Fascism, Nazism, and
Communism. The use of “United
States” refers to the country. The
country where Donald Trump be a
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “Now” refers to the time
where Donald Trump gave a
campaign speech about how to make
America safe again. The use of “Our”
refers to the country. Namely,
America.

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No

Utterances

5

This summer, there has been
an ISIS attack launched
outside the war zones of the
Middle East every 84 hours.

6

7

8

Personal
-

Temporal
1. Summer

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. The Middle
East

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

-

-

2. Every 84 hours

Here, in America, we have
seen one brutal attack after
another.

1. We

-

1. Here

13 were murdered, and 38
wounded, in the assault on Ft.
Hood.
The
Boston
Marathon
Bombing
wounded
and
maimed 264 people, and
ultimately left five dead –
including 2 police officers.

-

-

1. On Ft. Hood

-

-

-

-

1. The Boston

-

-

2. In America

References
The use of “This” refers to the season
when ISIS attack. The use of
“Summer” refers to the season where
ISIS attack launched outside the war
zones. The use of “Middle East”
refers to the location ISIS attack. The
use of “Every 84 hours” refers to the
time ISIS attack.
The use of “Here” refers to America.
The pronoun “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people
who watch, listen or attend the
campaign speech.
The use of “On Ft. Hood” refers to
the military post in Killeen, Texas.
The use of “The Boston” refers to the
oldest cities in the U.S.

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No

Utterances

9

In Chattanooga, Tennessee,
five unarmed marines were
shot and killed at a military
recruiting center.

10

Last December, 14 innocent
Americans were gunned down
at an office party in San
Bernardino, another 22 were
injured.

11

In June, 49 Americans were
executed at the Pulse
Nightclub in Orlando, and
another 53 were injured. It
was the worst mass shooting
in our history, and the worst
attack on the LGTBQ
community in our history.

Personal
-

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In
Chattanooga

Discourse
-

Social
-

2. At a military
recruiting center
-

1. It
2. Our

1. Last december

1. At an office
party in San
Bernardino

-

-

1. In June

1. At the Pulse
Nightclub in
Orlando

-

-

3. Our

References
The use of “In Chattanooga,
Tenessee” refers to the one of area
terrorism attacked. The use of “At a
military recruiting center” refers to
the place where unarmed marines
were shot and killed.
The use of “Last December” refers to
when one of the office party in San
Bernardino has attacked. The country
where Donald Trump gave a
campaign speech and be a
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “At an office party in san
Bernardino” refers to the one of the
brutal attack location.
The use of “In June” refers to the
time when ISIS attacked in Orlando
at the Pulse Nightclub. The use of
“At the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando”
refers to the place where ISIS attack.
The use of “It” refers to the time
mass shooting for American people.
And the use of “Our” is the same
refers to the history or bad experience
for American people because ISIS
attacked.

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No

Utterances

12

In Europe, we have seen the
same carnage and bloodshed
inflicted upon our closest
allies.

13

In January of 2015, a French
satirical newspaper, Charlie
Hebdo, was attacked for
publishing cartoons of the
prophet Mohammed. Twelve
were killed, including two
police officers, and 11 were
wounded. Two days later,
four were murdered in a
Jewish Deli.

Personal
1. We

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Europe

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

1. The prophet
Mohammed

2. Our

-

1. In January of
2015

1. In a Jewish
Deli

2. Two days later

References
The use of “In Europe” refers to the
another attacked from ISIS. The use
of “We” refers to the Donald Trump
as the speaker, the audience, and the
American people who watch, listen or
attend the campaign speech. And the
use of “Our” refers to the closest
allies become a victims carnage and
bloodshed by ISIS.
The use of “In January of 2015”
refers to when another attack
happened. The use of “The prophet
Mohammed” refers to the Islamic
prophet. The use of “Two days later”
refers to the time between incident of
Charlie hebdo with incident in a
Jewish Deli. The use of “In a Jewish
Deli” refers to a location of ISIS
attack.

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No

Utterances

14

In November of 2015,
terrorists went on a shooting
rampage in Paris that
slaughtered 130 people, and
wounded another 368. France
is suffering gravely, and the
tourism industry is being
massively affected in a most
negative way.
In March of this year,
terrorists detonated a bomb in
the Brussels airport, killing
32 and injuring 340.

15

Personal
-

Temporal
1. In November of
2015

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Paris

Discourse
-

Social
-

2. France

-

1. In March of this
year

1. In the
Brussels airport

1. This

-

References
The use of “In November of 2015”
refers to the time when ISIS attacked
in Paris. The use of “In Paris” refers
to the location ISIS attack. The use of
“France” refers to the location got
negative impacts by ISIS attack.

The use of “In march of this year”
refers to the time when terrorists
attack in the Brussels airport. The use
of “This” refers to the time in March
when terrorists attack in the Brussels
airport. The use of “In the Brussels
airport” refers to the place terrorists
detonated a bomb.

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No

Utterances

16

This July, in the South of
France, an Islamic terrorist
turned his truck into an
instrument of mass murder,
plowing down and killing 85
men, women and children –
and wounding another 308.
Among the dead were 2
Americans – a Texas father,
and his 11-year-old son.

17

18

Personal
1. His

Temporal
1. July

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In the South
of France

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

-

-

-

-

2. His
2. Texas

A few weeks ago, in
Germany, a refugee armed
with an axe wounded five
people in a gruesome train
attack.

-

Only days ago, an ISIS killer
invaded a Christian church
in Normandy France, forced
an 85-year-old priest to his
knees, and slit his throat
before his congregation.

1. His

1. A few weeks ago

1. In Germany
2. In a gruesome
train attack

2. His

1. Only days ago

1. A Christian
church in
Normandy
France

3. His

References
The use of “This” refers to the July
when ISIS attack. The use of “July”
refers to when another attack
happened. The use of “In the South of
France” refers to the location terrorist
attack. The use of “His” refers to the
truck of terrorist used to be an
instrument of mass murder. The use
of “Texas” refers to the father come
from Texas. The use of “His” here
different with of “His” above. This
refers to children 11 years old of a
Texas father.
The use of “A few weeks ago” refers
to the time when ISIS attack in train.
The use of “In Germany” refers to the
location of ISIS attack. The use of “In
a gruesome train attack” refers to one
of ISIS attack in transportation.
The use of “Only days ago” refers to
the time when ISIS attack in
Christian church. The use of “A
Christian church in Normandy
France” refers to the place ISIS
attack. The use of three “His” here is
same. This refers to an 85 years old
priest become a victim of ISIS attack.

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No

Utterances

19

Overseas, ISIS has carried out
one unthinkable atrocity after
another. Children slaughtered,
girls sold into slavery, men
and women burned alive.
Crucifixions, beheadings and
drownings. Ethnic minorities
targeted for mass execution.
Holy
sites
desecrated.
Christians driven from their
homes and hunted for
extermination. ISIS roundingup what it calls the “nation of
the cross” in a campaign of
genocide. We cannot let this
evil continue.
Nor can we let the hateful
ideology of Radical Islam – its
oppression of women, gays,
children, and nonbelievers –
be allowed to reside or spread
within our own countries.

20

Personal
1. Their

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. Homes

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

-

1. Countries

-

-

2. It
3. We

1. We
2. Its
3. Our

References
The use of “Their” refers to the
Christian leave their homes because
their afraid of ISIS. The use of
“Homes” refers to the place of
Christian leave. The use of “It” refers
to the name of attack by ISIS. And
the use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people who watch,
listen or attend the campaign speech.
The use of “This” refers to the evil.

The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people who watch,
listen or attend the campaign speech.
The use of “Its” refers to the hateful
ideology of Radical Islam. The use of
“Our” refers to the countries namely
America. The use of “Countries”
refers to the America.

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No

Utterances

21

We will defeat Radical
Islamic Terrorism, just as we
have defeated every threat we
have faced in every age
before.
But we will not defeat it with
closed eyes, or silenced
voices.

22

23

24

Anyone who cannot name our
enemy, is not fit to lead this
country. Anyone who cannot
condemn
the
hatred,
oppression and violence of
Radical Islam lacks the moral
clarity to serve as our
President.
The rise of ISIS is the direct
result of policy decisions
made by President Obama and
Secretary Clinton.

Personal
1. We

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

2. We
3. We
1. We

-

-

2. It

1. Our

-

1. Country

1. This

1. President

2. Our

-

-

-

-

-

References
The use of three “We” here are refers
to the Donald Trump as the speaker,
the audience, and the American
people who watch, listen or attend the
campaign speech.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people who watch,
listen or attend the campaign speech.
And the use of “It” refers to the
Radical Islamic Terrorism.
The use of “Our” refers to the enemy.
The use of “This” refers to the
country, namely America. The use of
“Country” refers to the America. The
use of “Our” refers to the president.
And the use of “President” refers to
Obama who is a leader in America.
-

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No

Utterances

25

26

Let‟s look back at the Middle
East at the very beginning of
2009, before the ObamaClinton Administration took
over.
Libya was stable.

27

28

29
30

31

Personal
-

Temporal
1. Beginning of
2009

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. At the Middle
East

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

1. Libya

-

-

Syria was under control.

-

-

1. Syria

-

-

Egypt was ruled by a secular
President and an ally of the
United States.

-

-

1. Egypt

-

-

Iraq was experiencing a
reduction in violence.
The group that would become
what we now call ISIS was
close to being extinguished.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Iran was being choked off by
economic sanctions.

2. The United
States

1. We

-

-

1. Iraq

1. Now

-

-

1. Iran

References
The use of “At the Middle East”
refers to the area of ISIS attack. And
the use of “Beginning of 2009” refers
to the time when ISIS attack at the
Middle East.
The use of “Libya” refers to the
country in North Africa is stable from
ISIS.
The use of “Syria” refers to the
country in the Middle East is under
control by ISIS.
The use of “Egypt” refers to one of
the country which allied with the
United States. The use of “The
United States” refers to the ally of
Egypt.
The use of “Iraq” refers to the
country through of ISIS attack.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“Now” refers to the time to being
extinguished ISIS.
The use of “Iran” refers to the
country got economic sanction.

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No

Utterances

32

Fast-forward to today. What
have the decisions of ObamaClinton produced?
Libya is in ruins, our
ambassador and three other
brave Americans are dead, and
ISIS has gained a new base of
operations.
Syria is in the midst of a
disastrous civil war. ISIS
controls large portions of
territory. A refugee crisis now
threatens Europe and the
United States.

33

34

35

36

In Egypt, terrorists have
gained a foothold in the Sinai
desert, near the Suez Canal,
one of the most essential
waterways in the world.
Iraq is in chaos, and ISIS is
on the loose.

Personal
-

Temporal
1. Today

1. Our

-

-

1. Now

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

1. Libya

-

-

1. Syria

-

-

2. Europe
3. The United
States

-

-

-

1. In Egypt

-

-

-

2. In the Sinai
desert, near the
Suez Canal
1. Iraq

-

-

References
The use of “Today” refers to the day
Donald Trump give a campaign
speech.
The use of “Libya” refers to the one
of ruin country by ISIS attack . The
use of “Our” refers to the ambassador
and three other brave Americans.
The use of “Syria” refers to the
country disastrous civil war. The use
of “Now” refers to the time Europe
and the United States have crisis
refugees. The use of “Europe” refers
to one of country have crisis
refugees. And the use of “The United
States” refers to the another country
have a problem is crisis refugees
same with Europe.
The use of “In Egypt” refers to the
success of ISIS got a foothold. The
use of “Sinai desert, near the Suez
Canal” refers to the good location
obtained by ISIS.
The use of “Iraq” refers to the
country in chaos by ISIS.

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No

Utterances

37

ISIS has spread across the
Middle East, and into the
West. In 2014, ISIS was
operating in some 7 nations.
Today
they
are
fully
operational in 18 countries
with aspiring branches in 6
more, for a total of 24 – and
many believe it is even more
than that. The situation is
likely worse than the public
knows: a new Congressional
report
reveals that the
Administration
has
downplayed the growth of
ISIS, with 40% of analysts
saying they had experienced
efforts to manipulate their
findings.
At the same time, ISIS is
trying to infiltrate refugee
flows into Europe and the
United States.

38

Personal
1. They

Temporal
1. In 2014

2. It

2. Today

3. They

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. The Middle
East and into the
West

Discourse
1. That

Social
-

-

-

2. Countries

4. Their

-

-

1. Europe
2. The United
States

References
The use of “The Middle East and into
the West” refers to the expand their
power area. The use of “In 2014”
refers to the time when ISIS operate
in some & nations. The use of
“Today” refers to the time for success
of ISIS in 18 countries. The use of
“They” refers to the ISIS. The use of
“It” refers to the success of ISIS more
than before. The use of “That” refers
to their believe. The use of “They”
refers to the analysts. The use of
“Their” refers to the findings of
experience.

The use of “Europe” refers to the
location crisis refugees. The use of
“The United States” refers to the
same location crisis refugees.

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No

Utterances

39

Iran, the world‟s largest state
sponsor of terrorism, is now
flush with $150 billion in cash
released by the United States
– plus another $400 million in
ransom. Worst of all, the
Nuclear deal puts Iran, the
number one state sponsor of
Radical Islamic Terrorism, on
a path to nuclear weapons.
In short, the Obama-Clinton
foreign policy has unleashed
ISIS, destabilized the Middle
East, and put the nation of
Iran – which chants „Death to
America‟ – in a dominant
position of regional power
and, in fact, aspiring to be a
dominant world power.
It all began in 2009 with what
has become known as
President Obama‟s global
Apology Tour.

40

41

Personal
-

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. Iran

Social
-

-

-

The use of “The Middle East” refers
to the save area from ISIS because
Obama-Clinton foreign policy. The
use of “Iran” refers to the dominant
position and aspiring to be a
dominant world power.

-

-

The use of “In 2009” refers to the
time when President Obama global
Apology Tour because his speech
about America.

2. The United
States
3. Iran

-

-

1. The Middle
East
2. Iran

-

1. In 2009

-

References

Discourse
-

The use of “Iran” refers to the
sponsor of terrorism. The use of “The
United States” refers to funders to
Iran as the world‟s largest state
sponsor of terrorism. The use of
“Iran” refers to location put the
Nuclear.

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No

Utterances

42

In a series of speeches,
President Obama described
America
as
“arrogant,”
“dismissive” “derisive” and a
“colonial
power.”
He
informed other countries that
he would be speaking up
about
America’s
“past
errors.” He pledged that we
would no longer be a “senior
partner,” that “sought to
dictate our terms.” He
lectured CIA officers of the
need to acknowledge their
mistakes,
and
described
Guantanamo Bay as a
“rallying
cry
for
our
enemies.”
Perhaps no speech was more
misguided than President
Obama‟s speech to the
Muslim World delivered in
Cairo, Egypt, in 2009.

43

Personal
1. He

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. America

2. He

2. America

3. He

3.Guantanamo
Bay

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

4. We
5. Our
6. He
7. Their
8. Our

-

1. In 2009

1. Cairo, Egypt

References
The use of “America” refers to the
content of speech by President
Obama. The use of “He” in this
utterance is same because refers to
President Obama. The use of
“America” refers to the country,
where to be a topic in his speech. The
use of “We” refers to American
people. The use of “Our” refers to the
terms of America. The use of “Their”
refers to the CIA. The use of
“Guantanamo Bay” refers to the
prison in the United States of
America. The use of “Our” refers to
the enemies of America.

The use of “In 2009” refers to the
time when President Obama give a
speech in Cairo, Egypt. The use of
“Cairo, Egypt” refers to the location
when President Obama give a speech
in 2009.

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No

Utterances

44

In winning the Cold War,
President Ronald Reagan
repeatedly
touted
the
superiority of freedom over
communism, and called the
USSR the Evil Empire.
Yet, when President Obama
delivered his address in
Cairo, no such moral courage
could be found. Instead of
condemning the oppression of
women and gays in many
Muslim nations, and the
systematic
violations
of
human rights, or the financing
of global terrorism, President
Obama tried to draw an
equivalency between our
human rights record and
theirs.
His naive words were
followed by even more naive
actions.

45

46

Personal
-

1. Our

Temporal
-

-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

1. In Cairo

Social
-

-

-

The use of “In Cairo” refers to the
President Obama‟s address. The use
of “Our” refers to the human rights of
American. The use of “Theirs” refers
to human rights of woman and gays
in many Muslim nations.

-

-

The use of “His” refers to the
President Obama.

2. Theirs

1. His

-

-

References

Discourse
-

-

44
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

47

The failure to establish a new
Status of Forces Agreement in
Iraq, and the election-driven
timetable for withdrawal,
surrendered our gains in that
country and led directly to the
rise of ISIS.
The failures in Iraq were
compounded
by
Hillary
Clinton‟s disaster in Libya.
President Obama has since
said he regards Libya as his
worst mistake. According to
then-Secretary of Defense
Robert Gates, the invasion of
Libya was nearly a split
decision, but Hillary Clinton‟s
forceful advocacy for the
intervention was the deciding
factor.
With one episode of bad
judgment
after
another,
Hillary Clinton‟s policies
launched ISIS onto the world.

48

49

Personal
1. Our

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Iraq

Discourse
1. That

Social
-

2. Country

1. He

-

1. In Iraq

1. But

-

2. In Libya
3. Libya
4. Libya

-

-

-

-

-

References
The use of “In Iraq” refers to the
place of establish a new status of
Forces Agreement. The use of “Our”
refers to the gains of America. The
use of “That”refers to the country.
And the use of “Country” refers to
the Iraq.
The use of “In Iraq” refers to location
got failures because Hillary Clinton.
The use of “In Libya” refers to the
location of disaster. The use of “He”
refers to the President Obama. The
use of “Libya” refers to worst
mistake according to President
Obama. The use of “Libya” here is
different with reference above, this
refers to the split decision because
invansion. The use of “But” refers to
the forceful advocacy by Hillary
Clinton.
-

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No
50

51

52

Utterances
Yet, as she threw the Middle
East into violent turmoil,
things turned out well for her.
The Clintons made almost $60
million in gross income while
she was Secretary of State.
Incident after incident proves
again and again: Hillary
Clinton lacks the judgement,
the temperament and the
moral character to lead this
nation. Importantly, she also
lacks the mental and physical
stamina to take on ISIS, and
all the many adversaries we
face – not only in terrorism,
but in trade and every other
challenge we must confront to
turn this country around.
It is time for a new approach.

Personal
1. She

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. The Middle
East

References
Discourse
-

Social
-

2. Her
3. She
1. She

-

1. Country

1. This

2. We

2. But

3. We

3. This

1. It

1. Time

-

-

The use of “She” refers to Hillary
Clinton. The use of “The Middle
East” refers to the location violent
turmoil because Hillary Clinton. The
use of “She” refers to Hillary Clinton.

-

The use of “This” refers to the nation.
The use of “She” refers to Hillary
Clinton. The use of “We” refers to
the Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “But” refers to the trade
and every challenge. The use of
“We” refers to the Donald Trump as
the speaker, the audience, and the
American people. The use of
“Country” refers to the America.

-

The use of “It” refers to the time for a
new approach. The use of “Time”
refers to the new approach.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

53

Our current strategy of
nation-building and regime
change is a proven failure. We
have created the vacuums that
allow terrorists to grow and
thrive.
I was an opponent of the Iraq
war from the beginning – a
major difference between me
and my opponent.

54

Personal
1. Our

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

2. We

1. I

-

1. Iraq

2. Me
3. My

References
The use of “Our” refers to the failed
strategy in nation building and
regime change. The use of “We”
refers to the Donald Trump as the
speaker, the audience, and the
American people.
The use of “I” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “Iraq” refers to the
location of war. The use of “me”
refers to Donald Trump as the
speaker. The use of “My” refers to
the opponent.

47
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

55

Though I was a private
citizen,
whose
personal
opinions on such matters was
not sought, I nonetheless
publicly expressed my private
doubts about the invasion.
Three months before the
invasion I said, in an
interview with Neil Cavuto, to
whom I offer my best wishes
for a speedy recovery, that
“perhaps we shouldn't be
doing it yet,” and that “the
economy is a much bigger
problem.”
In August of 2004, very early
in the conflict, I made a
detailed statement to Esquire
magazine. Here is the quote in
full:

56

Personal
1. I

Temporal
1. Three months

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

2. I
3. My
4. I
5. I
6. My

References
The use four of “I” here is the same.
This refers to Donald Trump as the
speaker and the presidential candidate
of America. The use of “My” refers
to the private. The use of “Three
months” refers to the time before the
invasion. The use of “My” refers to
the wishes of Donald Trump. The use
of “We” refers to the Donald Trump
as the speaker, the audience, and the
American people. The use of “It”
refers to the speedy recovery.

7. We
8. It
1. I

1. In August of
2004

1. Here

The use of “In August of 2004” refers
to the time when conflict happened.
The use of “I” refers to Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “Here” refers to the quote.

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No

Utterances

57

"Look at the war in Iraq and
the mess that we're in. I
would never have handled it
that way. Does anybody
really believe that Iraq is
going to be a wonderful
democracy where people are
going to run down to the
voting box and gently put in
their ballot and the winner is
happily going to step up to
lead the country? C'mon.
Two minutes after we leave,
there's going to be a
revolution, and the meanest,
toughest,
smartest,
most
vicious guy will take over.
And he'll have weapons of
mass
destruction,
which
Saddam didn't have.

Personal
1. I

Temporal
1. Two minutes

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Iraq

2. It

2. Iraq

3. Their

3. The country

4. We
5. He

Discourse
1. That

Social
-

References
The use of “In Iraq” refers to the
location of the war. The use of “We”
refers to the Donald Trump as the
speaker, the audience, and the
American people. The use of “I”
refers to Donald Trump as the
speaker and the presidential candidate
of America. The use of “It” refers to
the war. The use of “That” refers to
the way to handle of war. The use of
“Iraq” refers to the country to be a
wonderful democracy. The use of “
Their” refers to the Iraqi people. The
use of “The country” refers to the
Iraq. The use of “Two minutes”
refers to the time when revolution
happened. The use of “He” refers to
Saddam.

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No

Utterances

58

"What was the purpose of this
whole thing? Hundreds and
hundreds of young people
killed. And what about the
people coming back with no
arms and legs? Not to mention
the other side. All those Iraqi
kids who've been blown to
pieces. And it turns out that
all of the reasons for the war
were blatantly wrong. All this
for nothing."
So I have been clear for a long
time that we should not have
gone in. But I have been just
as clear in saying what a
catastrophic mistake Hillary
Clinton and President Obama
made with the reckless way in
which they pulled out.

59

Personal
1. It

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

2. That
3. This

1. I

-

-

2. We

1. So
2. But

3. I
4. They

-

References
The use of “This” refers to the war.
The use of “It” refers to the war
happened and victims from the war.
The use of “That” refers to war. The
use of “This” refers to the war is
nothing.

The use of “So” refers to the
conclusion of what happened in Iraq.
The use of “I” refers to Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“But” refers to the another reason of
Donald Trump. The use of “I” refers
to Donald Trump as the speaker and
the
presidential
candidate
of
America. The use of “They” refers to
Hillary Clinton and President Obama.

50
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

60

After we had made those hardfought sacrifices and gains, we
should never have made such
a sudden with drawal – on a
timetable advertised to our
enemies. Al Qaeda in Iraq
had been decimated, and
Obama and Clinton gave it
new life and allowed it to
spread across the world.
By that same token, President
Obama and Hillary Clinton
should never have attempted
to build a Democracy in
Libya, to push for immediate
regime change in Syria or to
support the overthrow of
Mubarak in Egypt.

61

Personal
1. We

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. Iraq

Discourse
-

Social
-

2. We
3. It

References
The use two of “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “Iraq” refers to the
location of Al Qaeda. The use two of
“It” refers to the Al Qaeda.

4. It

-

-

1. In Libya
2. In Syria
3. In Egypt

1. That

-

The use of “That” refers to what have
done by Presiden Obama and Hillary
Clinton. The use of “In Libya” refers
to the democracy of that country. The
use of “In Syria” refers to the
location regime change. The use “In
egypt” refers to the overthrow of
Mubarak.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

62

One more point on this: I
have long said that we should
have kept the oil in Iraq –
another area where my
judgement has been proven
correct. According to CNN,
ISIS made as much $500
million in oil sales in 2014
alone, fueling and funding its
reign of terror. If we had
controlled the oil, we could
have prevented the rise of ISIS
in Iraq – both by cutting off a
major source of funding, and
through the presence of U.S.
forces necessary to safeguard
the oil and other vital
infrastructure. I was saying
this constantly and to whoever
would listen: keep the oil,
keep the oil, keep the oil, I
said – don‟t let someone else
get it.

Personal
1. I

Temporal
1. In 2014

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Iraq

2. We

2. In Iraq

3. My

3. U.S

4. Its
5. We
6. We
7. I
8. I
9. It

Discourse
1. This
2. This

Social
-

References
The use of “This” refers to the point.
The use of “I” refers to Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
presidential candidate of America.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“In Iraq” refers to the country of oil.
The use of “In 2014” refers to the
time ISIS made as much $500 million
in oil sales. The use of “Its” refers to
the oil. The use of “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “In Iraq” refers to the
country of oil. The use of “U.S”
refers to forces of U.S to safeguard
the oil and other vital infrastructure.
The use of “I” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
candidate presidential of America.
The use of “This” refers to the
message to keep the oil. The use of
“I” refers to the Donald Trump as the
speaker and the candidate presidential
of America. The use of “It” refers to
the oil.

52
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

63

If they had listened to me
then, we would have had the
economic benefits of the oil,
which I wanted to use to help
take care of the wounded
soldiers and families of those
who died – and thousands of
lives would have been saved.
This proposal, by its very
nature, would have left
soldiers in place to guard our
assets. In the old days, when
we won a war, to the victor
belonged the spoils. Instead,
all we got from Iraq– and our
adventures in the Middle
East – was death, destruction
and tremendous financial loss.

64

Personal
1. They

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

2. Me
3. We
4. I
1. Its
2. Our

1. In the old days

1. Iraq
2. In the Middle
East

3. We
4. We
5. Our

1. This

-

References
The use of “They” refers to whoever
listen to keep the oil. The use of
“Me” refers to the Donald Trump as
the speaker and the presidential
candidate of America. The use of “I”
refers to the Donald Trump as the
speaker and the candidate presidential
of America.
The use of “This” refers to the
proposal. The use of “Its” refers to
the proposal too. The use of “Our”
refers to the assets. The use of “In the
old days” refers to the time when
America won a war. The use two of
“We” refers to the Donald Trump as
the speaker, the audience, and the
American people. The use of “Iraq”
refers to the location of what all
America got in Iraq. The use of
“Our” refers to the adventures. The
use of “In the Middle East” refers to
the death city.

53
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

65

But it is time to put the
mistakes of the past behind
us, and chart a new course.

66

If I become President, the era
of nation-building will be
ended. Our new approach,
which must be shared by both
parties in America, by our
allies overseas, and by our
friends in the Middle East,
must be to halt the spread of
Radical Islam.

Personal
1. It

Temporal
1. Time

2. Us

2. The past

1. I
2. Our

-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
1. But

Social
-

1. In America

-

-

2. In the Middle
East

3. Our
4. Our

References
The use of “But” refers to the another
reason by speaker. The use of “Time”
refers to the present. The use of “The
past” refers to the time of mistakes.
The use of “Us” refers to forget of
mistakes in the past.
The use of “I” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
candidate presidential of America.
The use of “Our” refers to the new
approach. The use of “In America”
refers to the location of party. The
use of “Our” refers to the allies
overseas. The use of “Our” refers to
friends in the Middle East. The use of
“In the Middle East” refers to the
country of friends.

54
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

67

All actions should be oriented
around this goal, and any
country which shares this goal
will be our ally. We cannot
always choose our friends,
but we can never fail to
recognize our enemies.

Personal
1. Our

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
1. This

2. We

2. This

3. Our

3. But

4. We
5. Our

Social
-

References
The use two of “This” refers to the
goal. The use of “Our” refers to the
ally. The use of “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “Our” refers to the friends.
The use of “But” refers to another
reason by Donald Trump as the
speaker. The use of “We” refers to
the Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “Our” refers to the
enemies.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

68

As President, I will call for an
international
conference
focused on this goal. We will
work side-by-side with our
friends in the Middle East,
including our greatest ally,
Israel. We will partner with
King Abdullah of Jordan, and
President Sisi of Egypt, and
all others who recognize this
ideology of death that must be
extinguished.

Personal
1. I

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In the Middle
East

2. We

Discourse
1. This
2. This

2. Israel
3. Our

3. That
3. Egypt

4. Our
5. We

Social
-

References
The use of “I” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
candidate presidential of America.
The use of “This” refers to the goal.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“Our” refers to the friends. The use of
“In the Middle East” refers to country
of friends. The use of “Our” refers to
the greatest ally. The use of “Israel”
refers to the country of the greatest
ally of America. The use of “We”
refers to the Donald Trump as the
speaker, the audience, and the
American people. The use of “Egypt”
refers to country of partner, King
Abdullah of Jordan and President
Sisi. The use of “This” refers to the
ideology. The use of “That” refers to
who recognize the ideology.

56
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No

Utterances

69

We will also work closely
with NATO on this new
mission. I had previously said
that NATO was obsolete
because it failed to deal
adequately with terrorism;
since my comments they have
changed their policy and now
have a new division focused
on terror threats.

Personal
1. We

Temporal
1. Now

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

-

-

2. I
3. It
4. My
5. They
6. Their

70

I also believe that we could
find common ground with
Russia in the fight against
ISIS. They too have much at
stake in the outcome in Syria,
and have had their own
battles with Islamic terrorism.

1. I
2. We

-

1. Russia
2. In Syria

3. They
4. Their

References
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“This” refers to the new mission. The
use of “I” refers to the Donald Trump
as the speaker and the candidate
presidential of America. The use of
“It” refers to the new mission. The
use of “My” refers to the comments.
The use of “They” refers to the
NATO. The use of “Their” refers to
the policy of NATO. The use of
“Now” refers to have a new division
focused on terror threats.
The use of “I” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker and the
candidate presidential of America.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“Russia” refers to the ally to fight
ISIS. The use of “They” refers to
Russia. The use of “In Syria” refers
to location at stake in the outcome.
The use of “Their” refers to the
battles with Islamic Terrorism.

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No

Utterances

71

My
Administration
will
aggressively pursue joint and
coalition military operations to
crush and destroy ISIS,
international cooperation to
cutoff their funding, expanded
intelligence
sharing,
and
cyberwarfare to disrupt and
disable their propaganda and
recruiting. We cannot allow
the internet to be used as a
recruiting tool, and for other
purposes, by our enemy – we
must shut down their access
to
this
form
of
communication, and we must
do so immediately.

Personal
1. My

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

2. Their
3. Their
4. We
5. Our
6. We
7. Their

Discourse
1. This

Social
-

References
The use of “My” refers to the
administration. The use of “Their”
refers to the funding. The use of
“Their” refers to the propaganda and
recruiting. The use of “We” refers to
the Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “Our” refers to the enemy.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“Their” refers to the access. The use
of “This” refers to the form of
communication.

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Utterances

72

Unlike Hillary Clinton, who
has risked so many lives with
her careless handling of
sensitive information, my
Administration
will
not
telegraph exact military plans
to the enemy. I have often said
that General MacArthur and
General Patton would be in a
state of shock if they were
alive today to see the way
President Obama and Hillary
Clinton try to recklessly
announce their every move
before it happens – like they
did in Iraq – so that the
enemy can prepare and adapt.

Personal
1. Her

Temporal
1. Today

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. In Iraq

2. My
3. I
4. They
5. Their
6. It
7. They

Discourse
-

Social
-

References
The use of “Her” refers to careless of
Hillary Clinton. The use of “My”
refers to administration of Donald
Trump. The use of “I” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker and the
candidate presidential of America.
The use of “They” refers to General
MacArthur and General Patton. The
use of “Today” refers to the day if
General MacArthur and General
Patton still alive. The use of “Their”
refers to every move of President
Obama and Hillary Clinton try to
recklessly announce. The use of “It”
refers to every move of President
Obama and Hillary Clinton. The use
of “They” refers to President Obama
and Hillary Clinton. The use of “In
Iraq” refers to the location when
President Obama and Hillary Clinton
do mistake for the first time.

59
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No

Utterances

73

The fight will not be limited to
ISIS. We will decimate Al
Qaeda, and we will seek to
starve funding for Iranbacked Hamas and Hezbollah.
We can use existing UN
Security Council resolutions
to apply new sanctions.
Military, cyber and financial
warfare will all be essential in
dismantling Islamic terrorism.
But we must use ideological
warfare as well.

74

75

76

Just as we won the Cold War,
in part, by exposing the evils
of communism and the virtues
of free markets, so too must
we take on the ideology of
Radical Islam.

Personal
1. We

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. Iran

Social
-

-

-

-

The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience,
and the American people. The use of
“But” refers to the reason by Donald
Trump as the presidential candidate.
The use two of “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “So” refers to what must
they do about ideology of Radical
Islam.

2. We
3. We

-

-

-

1. We

-

-

1. But

-

1. We

-

-

1. So

-

2. We

References

Discourse
-

The use three of “We” refers to the
Donald Trump as the speaker, the
audience, and the American people.
The use of “Iran” refers to Hamas
and Hezbollah.

60
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Utterances

77

While my opponent accepted
millions
of
dollars
in
Foundation donations from
countries where being gay is
an offense punishable by
prison
or
death,
my
Administration will speak out
against the oppression of
women, gays and people of
different faith.
Our Administration will be a
friend to all moderate Muslim
reformers in the Middle East,
and will amplify their voices.

78

79

This includes speaking out
against the horrible practice of
honor killings, where women
are murdered by their
relatives
for
dressing,
marrying or acting in a way
that violates fundamentalist
teachings.

Personal
1. My

Temporal
-

Types of Deixis
Spatial
-

Discourse
-

Social
-

-

-

1. This

-

2. My

1. Our

-

1. In the Middle
East

-

-

2. Their

1. Their

References
The use of “My” refers to the
opponent
of
Donald
Trump.
Meanwhile the use of “My‟ here
refers to the administration of Donald
Trump.

The use of “Our” refers to the
administration. The use of “In the
Middle East” refers to the friend of
administration. The use of “Their”
refers to the voices.
The use of “This” refers to what have
done by Donald Trump to get voices
from the Middle East. The use of
“Their” refers to the way to murdered
woman.

61
Universitas Sumatera Utara

No

Utterances

80

Over 1,000 Pakistani girls are
estimated to be the victims of
honor killings by their
relatives each year. Recently,
a prominent Pakistani social
media star was strangled to
death by her brother on the
charge of dishonoring the
family. In his confession, the
brother took pride in the
murder and said: “Girls are
born to stay home and follow
traditions.”
Shockingly, this is a practice
that has reached our own
shores.
One such case involves an
Iraqi immigrant who was
sentenced to 34 years in jail
for running over his own
daughter claiming she had
become “too Westernized.”

81

82

Personal
1. Their

Temporal
1. Each year

Types of Deixis
Spatial
1. Home

Discourse
-

Social
-

2. Her
3. His

1. O