Use of Deixis in Donald Trump’s Campaign Speech
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
A THESIS
By
SAIDATUL HANIM
147052015/MBE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of
Master of Arts (M.A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara
By
SAIDATUL HANIM
147052015/MBE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Title of Thesis
:USE OF DEIXIS
CAMPAIGN SPEECH
Name
:Saidatul Hanim
Reg. Number
:147052015
Study Program
:English Postgraduate
IN
DONALD
TRUMP’S
Approved by
Adviser Commission
(Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.)
Adviser I
(Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans., M.Hum)
Adviser II
Head of
English Postgraduate Program
Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
(Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.)
(Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.)
Passing Date
: 29th July 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Has been examined on
Date :29th July 2017
Board of Examiners :
Chief
: Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
(…………………….)
Members : Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans., M.Hum (…………………….)
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.
(…………………….)
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
(…………………….)
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed.TESP.
(…………………….)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DECLARATION
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
I certify that the thesis I wrote as one of the requirements to obtain the
degree of Master of Arts from English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, is exactly my own work.
I certify that I clearly mentioned the reference of the citations I used in
some specific parts of this thesis based on norm, rule, and etiquette of the
technique of a scientific writing.
I certify, in the future, that I am willing to accept the sanction of the
renovation of my academic degree which I receive and other sanction in
accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, provided some parts or all
parts of this thesis are invented not to be my own work or to commit plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2017
The Writer
Saidatul Hanim
Universitas Sumatera Utara
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
ABSTRACT
The aims of this study are (1) to find out the types of deixis in Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech, (2) to find out the reasons for the use of dominant type of deixis
in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech and (3) to find out whether or not the deixis
is used appropriately in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech. This research is
conducted by using qualitative content analysis. The data of the study are the
utterances from the script Donald Trump‟s campaign speech. The data are
analyzed by using Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996) theories. The results of the
study shows that (1) In the Donald Trump‟s campaign speech, the 5 types of
deixis are found, there are 472 deictic words (2) The dominant type of deixis in
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech is personal deixis. Because in campaign
speech, personal deixis plays a very important role. It can be used to represent the
speaker‟s identity through the way the speaker refers to himself, his opponent, and
his audience. (3) The use of deixis in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech is
appropriate because it fits on the context. In Donald Trump‟s campaign speech,
there is context of situation because the situation appropriate with the current
theme. In cultural general knowledge in campaign speech is “Thank You”,
because that is a common expression of gratitude. Donald Trump use “Thank
You” to appreciate the listeners. The data of this study are the utterances from the
script of campaign speech. So, interpersonal knowledge was not found in Donald
Trump‟s campaign speech, because there is no interaction between Donald Trump
with listeners and only Donald Trump share the cause of terrors incident that had
happened and all about the past his rival by unknown listeners. In co-textual is
“We”, because between speaker and listeners knew what topics talked about.
Keywords: deixis, pragmatics, campaign speech
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PENGGUNAAN DEIKSIS DALAM PIDATO
KAMPANYE DONALD TRUMP
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menemukan tipe-tipe deiksis didalam pidato
kampanye Donald Trump, (2) untuk menemukan alasan-alasan penggunaan tipe
deiksis yang dominan didalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump dan (3) untuk
menemukan apakah deiksis digunakan tepat atau tidak dalam pidato kampanye
Donald Trump. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis isi
kualitatif. Data penelitian adalah ujaran dari naskah pidato kampanye Donald
Trump. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Levinson (1983) dan Yule
(1996). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) dalam pidato kampanye
Donald Trump ditemukan 5 tipe deiksis, dan terdapat 472 kata deiksis (2) tipe
deiksis yang dominan dalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump adalah deiksis
persona, karena dalam pidato kampanye, deiksis persona memiliki peranan
penting. Deiksis persona dapat digunakan untuk mewakili identitas pembicara
selama pembicara mengacu pada dirinya sendiri, pekerjaannya dan
pendengarnya. (3) penggunaan deiksis dalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump
sudah tepat karena sesuai dengan konteks. Dalam pidato kampanye ini terdapat
konteks situasi, karena situasi yang sedang terjadi sesuai dengan tema yang
diangkat. Konteks budaya dalam pidato kampanye adalah “Terima Kasih”,
karena itu umum untuk ungkapan rasa syukur. Donald Trump menggunakan
“Terima Kasih” untuk menghargai pendengar. Data dipenelitian ini adalah
ujaran dari naskah pidato kampanye Donald Trump. Jadi, konteks interpersonal
tidak ditemukan dalam pidato kampanye karena tidak ada interaksi antara
Donald Trump dengan pendengar dan hanya Donald Trump yang berbagi
penyebab kejadian teror-teror yang telah terjadi dan tentang semua masa lalu
saingannya yang tidak diketahui oleh pendengar. Dalam koteks adalah “Kita”,
karena antara pembicara dan pendengar tahu tentang topik yang dibicarakan.
Kata kunci: deiksis, pragmatik, pidato kampanye
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT. The Almighty god, for the
blessing and guidances to writer in finishing this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to the
Prophet Muhammad SAW, the most inspiring person around the world.
In doing this thesis, it is imposible to finish it without any contributions,
helps, suggestions, comments, and motivation from many poeple. In this valuable
chance, the writer would like to give the sincerest gratitude and great appreciation
to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum., as the Rector of University of
Sumatera Utara.
2.
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences.
3.
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., as the Head of English Postgraduate
Program and Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans, M.Hum., as the Secretary of
English Postgraduate Program for their continuous encouragement and kindly
advice throughout the writer study.
4.
Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., and Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans,
M.Hum., as the thesis supervisors for their warm support, inspiration, and
thoughtful guidance for this thesis.
5.
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S., Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., and Dr. Eddy
Setia, M.Ed.TESP., as the thesis examiners for their constructive criticism
and advice to improvement of this thesis.
6.
All lecturers who have shared their knowledge during studying in English
Postgradute Program.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
7.
Adry Wiyanni Ridwan, S.S., as the Staff of English Postgraduate Program for
her contribution in accomplishing the administration.
8.
Marwan Nasution, S.E., and Susi Agustina as my parents and Alfin Muzahid
Nasution as my brother for their unconditional love, patience, understanding
and support throughout the writer academic career.
9.
My classmates in English Postgraduate Program, Syarah Aisha, Sri Utari, and
Enda Ginting for became the writer friends in this process. Especially for Siti
Nurhayati and Arief Muadz for their helps and supports, the writer could not
have done this thesis without them.
Finally, the writer realize there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.
However, the writer hope this thesis can give some contributions to everyone who
concern to Deixis in the future time.
Medan,
July 2017
Saidatul Hanim
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name
: Saidatul Hanim
Place, Date of Birth
: Rantauprapat, 19th September 1992
Gender
: Female
Religion
: Islam
Nationality
: Indonesia
Address
: Jalan Dewi Sartika
Phone Number
: 0852-9791-3000
Email
: saidatulhanimnst@gmail.com
Academical Background
1. 2010 - 2014
: Bachelor of Education (S.Pd.) of English Education
in State University of Medan
2. 2015 - 2017
: Master of Arts in English (M.A.) Faculty of
Cultural Sciences University of Sumatera Utara
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. i
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................... iii
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................ v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... viii
LIST OF APPENDIX ................................................................................ ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
1.1 Background of Study.............................................................................. 1
1.2 Problems of Study .................................................................................. 6
1.3 Objectives of Study ................................................................................ 6
1.4 Scope of Study ....................................................................................... 7
1.5 Significances of Study............................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................... 8
2.1 Previous Relevant Studies ..................................................................... 8
2.2 Pragmatics .............................................................................................. 8
2.3 Context .................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Deixis .................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1 Types of Deixis ................................................................................. 15
2.4.1.1 Personal Deixis ........................................................................ 15
2.4.1.2 Temporal Deixis ..................................................................... 18
2.4.1.3 Spatial Deixis .......................................................................... 19
2.4.1.4 Discourse Deixis ...................................................................... 20
2.4.1.5 Social Deixis ........................................................................... 21
2.5 Function of Deixis ................................................................................. 22
2.6 Speech ................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 25
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 25
3.2 Sources of Data and Data ..................................................................... 25
3.3 Technique for Collecting Data .............................................................. 26
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................. 27
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ............................ 29
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 29
4.1.1 Types of Deixis in Donald Trump‟s Campaign Speech............... 30
4.1.2 The Reasons Why Personal Deixis as Dominant Type in
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech ........................................................ 79
4.1.3Use of Deixis Appropriately in Donald Trump‟s Campaign
Speech ................................................................................................... 80
4.2 Findings ................................................................................................. 81
4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................. 83
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 87
5.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 87
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................. 88
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 89
APPENDIX
.............................................................................................. 91
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
No
Title
Page
2.1
Table of Types of Personal Deixis.................................................
16
4.1
Table of The Percentage of Types of Deixis..................................
79
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF APPENDIX
No.
Appendix
Title
Page
Donald Trump‟s Campaign Speech ..................................... 89
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
A THESIS
By
SAIDATUL HANIM
147052015/MBE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of
Master of Arts (M.A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara
By
SAIDATUL HANIM
147052015/MBE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Title of Thesis
:USE OF DEIXIS
CAMPAIGN SPEECH
Name
:Saidatul Hanim
Reg. Number
:147052015
Study Program
:English Postgraduate
IN
DONALD
TRUMP’S
Approved by
Adviser Commission
(Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.)
Adviser I
(Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans., M.Hum)
Adviser II
Head of
English Postgraduate Program
Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
(Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.)
(Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.)
Passing Date
: 29th July 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Has been examined on
Date :29th July 2017
Board of Examiners :
Chief
: Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
(…………………….)
Members : Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans., M.Hum (…………………….)
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.
(…………………….)
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
(…………………….)
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed.TESP.
(…………………….)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DECLARATION
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
I certify that the thesis I wrote as one of the requirements to obtain the
degree of Master of Arts from English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, is exactly my own work.
I certify that I clearly mentioned the reference of the citations I used in
some specific parts of this thesis based on norm, rule, and etiquette of the
technique of a scientific writing.
I certify, in the future, that I am willing to accept the sanction of the
renovation of my academic degree which I receive and other sanction in
accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, provided some parts or all
parts of this thesis are invented not to be my own work or to commit plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2017
The Writer
Saidatul Hanim
Universitas Sumatera Utara
USE OF DEIXIS IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH
ABSTRACT
The aims of this study are (1) to find out the types of deixis in Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech, (2) to find out the reasons for the use of dominant type of deixis
in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech and (3) to find out whether or not the deixis
is used appropriately in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech. This research is
conducted by using qualitative content analysis. The data of the study are the
utterances from the script Donald Trump‟s campaign speech. The data are
analyzed by using Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996) theories. The results of the
study shows that (1) In the Donald Trump‟s campaign speech, the 5 types of
deixis are found, there are 472 deictic words (2) The dominant type of deixis in
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech is personal deixis. Because in campaign
speech, personal deixis plays a very important role. It can be used to represent the
speaker‟s identity through the way the speaker refers to himself, his opponent, and
his audience. (3) The use of deixis in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech is
appropriate because it fits on the context. In Donald Trump‟s campaign speech,
there is context of situation because the situation appropriate with the current
theme. In cultural general knowledge in campaign speech is “Thank You”,
because that is a common expression of gratitude. Donald Trump use “Thank
You” to appreciate the listeners. The data of this study are the utterances from the
script of campaign speech. So, interpersonal knowledge was not found in Donald
Trump‟s campaign speech, because there is no interaction between Donald Trump
with listeners and only Donald Trump share the cause of terrors incident that had
happened and all about the past his rival by unknown listeners. In co-textual is
“We”, because between speaker and listeners knew what topics talked about.
Keywords: deixis, pragmatics, campaign speech
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PENGGUNAAN DEIKSIS DALAM PIDATO
KAMPANYE DONALD TRUMP
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menemukan tipe-tipe deiksis didalam pidato
kampanye Donald Trump, (2) untuk menemukan alasan-alasan penggunaan tipe
deiksis yang dominan didalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump dan (3) untuk
menemukan apakah deiksis digunakan tepat atau tidak dalam pidato kampanye
Donald Trump. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis isi
kualitatif. Data penelitian adalah ujaran dari naskah pidato kampanye Donald
Trump. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Levinson (1983) dan Yule
(1996). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) dalam pidato kampanye
Donald Trump ditemukan 5 tipe deiksis, dan terdapat 472 kata deiksis (2) tipe
deiksis yang dominan dalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump adalah deiksis
persona, karena dalam pidato kampanye, deiksis persona memiliki peranan
penting. Deiksis persona dapat digunakan untuk mewakili identitas pembicara
selama pembicara mengacu pada dirinya sendiri, pekerjaannya dan
pendengarnya. (3) penggunaan deiksis dalam pidato kampanye Donald Trump
sudah tepat karena sesuai dengan konteks. Dalam pidato kampanye ini terdapat
konteks situasi, karena situasi yang sedang terjadi sesuai dengan tema yang
diangkat. Konteks budaya dalam pidato kampanye adalah “Terima Kasih”,
karena itu umum untuk ungkapan rasa syukur. Donald Trump menggunakan
“Terima Kasih” untuk menghargai pendengar. Data dipenelitian ini adalah
ujaran dari naskah pidato kampanye Donald Trump. Jadi, konteks interpersonal
tidak ditemukan dalam pidato kampanye karena tidak ada interaksi antara
Donald Trump dengan pendengar dan hanya Donald Trump yang berbagi
penyebab kejadian teror-teror yang telah terjadi dan tentang semua masa lalu
saingannya yang tidak diketahui oleh pendengar. Dalam koteks adalah “Kita”,
karena antara pembicara dan pendengar tahu tentang topik yang dibicarakan.
Kata kunci: deiksis, pragmatik, pidato kampanye
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT. The Almighty god, for the
blessing and guidances to writer in finishing this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to the
Prophet Muhammad SAW, the most inspiring person around the world.
In doing this thesis, it is imposible to finish it without any contributions,
helps, suggestions, comments, and motivation from many poeple. In this valuable
chance, the writer would like to give the sincerest gratitude and great appreciation
to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum., as the Rector of University of
Sumatera Utara.
2.
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences.
3.
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., as the Head of English Postgraduate
Program and Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans, M.Hum., as the Secretary of
English Postgraduate Program for their continuous encouragement and kindly
advice throughout the writer study.
4.
Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., and Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans,
M.Hum., as the thesis supervisors for their warm support, inspiration, and
thoughtful guidance for this thesis.
5.
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S., Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., and Dr. Eddy
Setia, M.Ed.TESP., as the thesis examiners for their constructive criticism
and advice to improvement of this thesis.
6.
All lecturers who have shared their knowledge during studying in English
Postgradute Program.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
7.
Adry Wiyanni Ridwan, S.S., as the Staff of English Postgraduate Program for
her contribution in accomplishing the administration.
8.
Marwan Nasution, S.E., and Susi Agustina as my parents and Alfin Muzahid
Nasution as my brother for their unconditional love, patience, understanding
and support throughout the writer academic career.
9.
My classmates in English Postgraduate Program, Syarah Aisha, Sri Utari, and
Enda Ginting for became the writer friends in this process. Especially for Siti
Nurhayati and Arief Muadz for their helps and supports, the writer could not
have done this thesis without them.
Finally, the writer realize there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.
However, the writer hope this thesis can give some contributions to everyone who
concern to Deixis in the future time.
Medan,
July 2017
Saidatul Hanim
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name
: Saidatul Hanim
Place, Date of Birth
: Rantauprapat, 19th September 1992
Gender
: Female
Religion
: Islam
Nationality
: Indonesia
Address
: Jalan Dewi Sartika
Phone Number
: 0852-9791-3000
: saidatulhanimnst@gmail.com
Academical Background
1. 2010 - 2014
: Bachelor of Education (S.Pd.) of English Education
in State University of Medan
2. 2015 - 2017
: Master of Arts in English (M.A.) Faculty of
Cultural Sciences University of Sumatera Utara
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. i
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................... iii
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................ v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... viii
LIST OF APPENDIX ................................................................................ ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
1.1 Background of Study.............................................................................. 1
1.2 Problems of Study .................................................................................. 6
1.3 Objectives of Study ................................................................................ 6
1.4 Scope of Study ....................................................................................... 7
1.5 Significances of Study............................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................... 8
2.1 Previous Relevant Studies ..................................................................... 8
2.2 Pragmatics .............................................................................................. 8
2.3 Context .................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Deixis .................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1 Types of Deixis ................................................................................. 15
2.4.1.1 Personal Deixis ........................................................................ 15
2.4.1.2 Temporal Deixis ..................................................................... 18
2.4.1.3 Spatial Deixis .......................................................................... 19
2.4.1.4 Discourse Deixis ...................................................................... 20
2.4.1.5 Social Deixis ........................................................................... 21
2.5 Function of Deixis ................................................................................. 22
2.6 Speech ................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 25
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 25
3.2 Sources of Data and Data ..................................................................... 25
3.3 Technique for Collecting Data .............................................................. 26
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................. 27
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ............................ 29
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 29
4.1.1 Types of Deixis in Donald Trump‟s Campaign Speech............... 30
4.1.2 The Reasons Why Personal Deixis as Dominant Type in
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech ........................................................ 79
4.1.3Use of Deixis Appropriately in Donald Trump‟s Campaign
Speech ................................................................................................... 80
4.2 Findings ................................................................................................. 81
4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................. 83
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 87
5.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 87
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................. 88
REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 89
APPENDIX
.............................................................................................. 91
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
No
Title
Page
2.1
Table of Types of Personal Deixis.................................................
16
4.1
Table of The Percentage of Types of Deixis..................................
79
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF APPENDIX
No.
Appendix
Title
Page
Donald Trump‟s Campaign Speech ..................................... 89
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara