Traditional art contest of sonok as an alternative selection for Madura cattle - repository civitas UGM

  

Tropentag 2010

International Research on Food Security, Natural

Resource Management and Rural Development

  

World food system -

A contribution from Europe

Book of abstracts

  

Editor: Eric Tielkes

Programme committee: Sylvia Dorn, Emmanuel Frossard, Ines Igli

  

Michael Kreuzer, Bernard Lehmann, Michael Siegrist

Editorial assistance: Andreas Deininger, Katharina Zipp

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Biophysical and Socio-economic Frame Conditions for the Sustainable Management

of Natural Resources: International research on food security, natural resource

management and rural development, Hamburg. Hrsg.: Eric Tielkes

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  Preface

The TROPENTAG has become the most important international conference on deve-

lopment-oriented research in the fields of food security, natural resource management

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participants of the TROPENTAG, leading to this adventurous experience of moving

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creasing international interest in the TROPENTAG of a large and still growing audi-

ence – some 1200 participants from 82 countries have registered so far – demonstrates

its importance on the agenda of both, the development-oriented scientific community

and the implementing development organisations.

The TROPENTAG 2010, organised by the North-South Centre of the ETH Zurich,

will shed light on the conference theme “World food system – A contribution from

Europe”.

The world food system encompasses all the natural resources required for, and af-

fected by the production, distribution and consumption of food. This also includes

resource management and food processing. The world food system provides the foun-

dation for the nutrition of humankind and includes all related ecological, economic,

health and social aspects.

The global population faces many challenging problems, among them population

growth, food, water and energy scarcity, climate and land use change, as well as

threats to human health. All these problems are interrelated and most are also con-

nected to the world food system. Food production under changing climatic conditions

  

will become even more difficult as human population grows, natural resources such

as soils and water become increasingly depleted, and global markets set diverging

priorities such as agriculture versus bioenergy. By providing relevant information

and advice, scientific knowledge supports policy-makers and society in implementing

strategies that address and solve these problems.

The TROPENTAG 2010 will address these enormous challenges in a development-

oriented and interdisciplinary manner. To broaden the accessibility of the results of

this venue, the abstracts of all contributions are published both as hardcopy and at

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blog with text and visual content in order to increase the outreach of the conference.

We would like to express our sincere gratefulness to Eric Tielkes, DITSL Witzen-

hausen, who handled the registration, the book of abstracts and many more issues.

Our very special thanks go to the team of the North-South Centre who organised the

conference in Zurich: Mathias Egloff, Emma Lindberg, Dorota Niedzwiecka, Ursula

Gugger Suter and Lukas Egetemayer. Our thanks include all the reviewers and addi-

tional contributors who have made this conference possible.

  We wish all participants a most interesting and rewarding conference. For the programme committee and the organising committee of the TROPENTAG 2010 Michael Kreuzer and Barbara Becker Zurich, August 2010

  Contents

  175 6) Land and soil use

  391

  IV Animal sciences

  

6) Agronomic practices - Poster session I 333

7) Agronomic practices - Poster session II 347

8) Biotic and abiotic stress (DPG session) - Poster session I 359

9) Biotic and abiotic stress (DPG session) - Poster session II 375

  

4) Mixed cropping, agroforestry and biofuels 287

5) Rice research 313

  

2) Biotic and abiotic stress (DPG session) 251

3) Genetic resources 259

  1) Agronomic practices 243

  241

  III Plant systems

  197

7) Nutrient cycling and crop nutrition - Poster session I 217

8) Nutrient cycling and crop nutrition - Poster session II 227

  149 5) Biodiversity

  I Food security and food quality

  123 4) Ecosystem services

  95 3) Water management

  87 2) Forest management

  1) Nutrient cycling and crop nutrition

  85

  65 II Natural resources Management

  37 3) Food intake and nutritional impact

  9 2) Food quality and technology

  1) Food production

  7

  

1) Animal breeding, husbandry and health 393

2) Forages and feeding systems 419

3) Animal nutrition and supplementation 441

4) Aquaculture and fisheries 463

  

V Markets and rural development 477

1) Value chains

  479 2) Market development

  487 3) Rural development

  495

4) Communication and extension services 503

5) Transdisciplinary research 525

6) Value chains - Poster session I 539

7) Value chains - Poster session II 555

8) Market development - Poster session I 571

9) Market development - Poster session II 589

3) Rural development - Poster session I 605

3) Rural development - Poster session II 619

VI GTZ/DEZA

  633

  1) Sustainable management of natural resources under climate change (GTZ/DEZA session) 635

  Index of Authors

  641

  Index of Keywords

  657 Animal breeding, husbandry and health Oral Presentations 396 A LINE DOS S ANTOS N EUTZLING , C HRISTIAN H ÜLSEBUSCH ,

  B RIGITTE K AUFMANN , E

  ICHAEL P ETERS : Livelihoods of Smallholders in South Kivu Depend on Small Livestock: The Case of the “Cobaye” 399

  Productive Performance of Holstein Friesian Cows under Trop- ical Conditions in Viet Nam 402 S HADEMAN S AFARI M ONJEGHTAPEH , M OHAMMAD M EHDI M OEINI , A LIREZA A BDOLMOHAMADI :

  V U , C HRISTINE G ROSSE -B RINKHAUS , K ARL S CHEL - LANDER , E RNST T HOLEN :

  IEU

  A BDULMOJEED Y AKUBU : Fixing Multicollinearity Instability in the Prediction of Body Weight from Morphometric Traits of Bunaji Cows 401 N GOC H

  Designing Community Based Sheep Breeding Programs 400 Posters 401

  ISCHKOWSKY , J OHANN S ÖLKNER , M ARIA W URZINGER : Indigenous Knowledge in Animal Management: Essential for

  IBBO , A LI M WAI O KEYO , L UIS I ÑIGUEZ , B ARBARA R

  IRKENA , M ARKOS T

  A YNALEM H AILE , G EMEDA D UGUMA , T ADELE M

  IEUDONNÉ K ATUNGA M USALE , W AN - JIKU C HIURI , R ACHEL Z OZO , M

  VA S

CHLECHT

: Predicted and True Herd Development Over Ten Years by

  B RIGITTE L. M AASS , D

  VA S CHLECHT : Variation in Reproductive Performance of Sows Kept by Small- holder Farmers in Xishuangbanna, Southern China 398

  

IEDEL , A NNE S CHIBORRA , C HRISTIAN H ÜLSEBUSCH ,

E

  IMON R

  397 S

  V ALLE Z ÁRATE : Bali Cattle Performance in Smallholder Mixed Systems of In- digenous and Transmigrant Farmers on Ceram Island, In- donesia

  IEGMUND -S CHULTZE , A NNE

  F ARADILLA A TTAMIMI , M ARIANNA S

  Applying a Bio-economic Model to Village Cattle in South- western Niger 396

  Milk, Fat Production and Reproduction Traits with Regard to Crossbreeding on Holstein and Local Dairy Cattle of Iran 403 Animal sciences

• S ANOGO S OULEYMANE , M OHAMED M OMANI S HAKER , N AN

  TOUME H AMIDOU : Growth Performance and Milk Yield of Crossbred Sahelian Goats in the Semi-arid Zone of Mali 404 E

  VANS

  I LATSIA , R EGINA R ÖSSLER , A.K. K AHI , A - NNE

  V AL LE Z ÁRATE : Production Objectives, Trait Perception and Breeding Goals of Sahiwal Cattle Keepers in Kenya 405

RI ATYA ASTUTI

  

T S M W , T H , H U :

Traditional Art Contest of Sonok as an Alternative for Selec- tion of Good Quality of Madura Cattle 406 S ALEEM M OHAMMAD , U R -R AHIM

  I NAM , H ENRI R UEFF : Mountain Cattle Breed for Coping with Climate Change: Needs for Conserving and Reintroducing the Achai in the Hindu Kush Mountain of Northern Pakistan 407

  INGSLEY A DESEHINWA , O LU - A KINYELE O LUWATOMISIN K FUNKE O LUWAKEMI O LUWOLE , J ELILI O LAIDE S AKA , T EMILADE O LASEINDE : Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Return on In- vestment of Growing Weaner Pigs of Nigerian Indigenous Pig (NIP), Exotic (Large White × Landrace) and Hybrid (F1 Cross- bred of NIP × Exotic) Origins under Intensive Management System

  408 M OHAMED M OMANI S HAKER , S ANOGO S OULEYMANE , N AZIR H ASSAN : Fattening Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Awassi and their Crossbred Ram Lambs with Charollais and Ro- manov in an Intensive Feeding System 409

  

INE

  ILALI UIS ÑIGUEZ AR F H , M E -D H , L I , B BARA

• ADI OMOSH UHI L

ISCHKOWSKY AMIR LIK

  R , S S : The Effect of Subclinical Mastitis in Awassi Sheep on Milk Quantity and Quality in Northern Syria 410 W AYUTA P HILIP M SHELIA , P AUL A YUBA A BDU , A BDUSSAMAD M UHAMMAD A BDUSSAMAD , A LIYU M OHAMMED W AKAWA : Prevalence of Endoparasites in Ostriches (Struthio camelus) raised in Selected States of Northern Nigeria 411

M OHAMED A BD E LSALAM A BDALLA , S HAMSELDEIN H - ASS

ABALLA A BDALLA , R AGA E LZAKI : Prevalence of Brucella Abortus Antibodies in Donkeys in Gaderef State of Eastern Sudan 412 F RANK H ANSEN , K AI S ONDER , I HEANACHO O KIKE , B ERNARD B ETT , T HOMAS R ANDOLPH , J EFF M ARINER , D

  IRK P FEIFFER : A Transport Model for the Spread of Bird Flu 413 Animal breeding, husbandry and health — Contents F RANK H ANSEN , B ERNARD B ETT , E RICK M UNGUBE , T HOMAS R ANDOLPH :

  A Strategic Model for the Simulation of Drug Resistance in African Animal Trypanosomiasis 414 E RICK M UNGUBE , O UMAR D

  IALL , B URKHARD B AUER , D ELIA G RACE , H

  

IPPOLYTE A FFOGNON , T HOMAS R ANDOLPH , Z A -

KARIA B OUCOUM , I SSA S

  IDIBE , P ETER -H ENNING C LAUSEN : Management of Trypanocide Resistance in the Cotton Belt of West Africa: Lessons Learnt During the 10 Years of the BMZ Funded Regional Coordinated Project 415

  I SAKO T URA , S

  IMON

  G. K URIA , H.K. W ALAGA , J OSEPH L ESUPER : Camel Breeding Management among the Somali, Sakuye, Gab- bra and Rendille Pastoralists of Northern Kenya 416 C

  HAKRAPONG C HAIKONG , J

  AN M

AXA

, E

  VA S CHLECHT , M

  ATTHIAS G AULY : Characteristics of Beef Buffalo and Beef Cattle Farming and its Benefits to Farm Households in Northeastern Thailand 417 N GO T HI K

  IM C UC , H OANG

  V AN T

  IEU : Vietnamese Animal Genetic Resources Conservation: Achieve- ments and Future Strategy 418 Animal sciences

  Traditional Art Contest of Sonok as an Alternative for Selection of Good Quality of Madura Cattle

  1

  2

  1 RI ATYA ASTUTI

IDI ETY ARTATIK ENK DO

  T S M W , T H , H U

  1 Wageningen University, Department of Animal Science, Animal Production Systems Group, The Netherlands

  2 Gadjah Mada University, Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Indonesia

Madura cattle is one of the prominent local cattle breeds in Indonesia; probably

formed from Bali (Bos javanicus), Ongole (Bos indicus) and Bos taurus cattle. The

uniformity of this breed was developed from tuft selection by Madura people. Madura

cattle are embedded in cultural activities of the Madura people. One cultural events

involving Madura cattle is the Sonok contest, which is a traditionally selection of

good heifers and cows. Cultural practices for keeping Sonok animals and criteria ap-

plied to select it can be considered for conservation of Madura cattle. The aim of this

study was to explore phenotypic characteristics of Sonok animals among different age

groups.

In total, 166 heads of Sonok animals divided into 6 age groups were observed for

their exterior characteristics, namely, body colour, existence of dewlap, hump, smear

colour around eyes, mouth and legs, and existence of the coloured back line. In total,

106 heads of Sonok heifers and cows were observed for their body condition score

(BCS).

Most Sonok animals in all age groups are dark brown (64 %), have medium dewlap

(66 %) and small hump (61 %), non specific smear colour around eyes (55 %), mouth

(52 %) and on legs (58 %), and no coloured back line (55 %). It seems that Madura

cattle characteristics are a combination of the characteristics of Bali and Ongole cat-

tle. These characteristics have been maintained by farmers as traditional selection

criteria through the Sonok contest. Almost all Sonok heifers and cows had good body

condition score (98.1 %). By applying traditional selection practices, Madura people

have maintained the phenotype uniformities of this breed for a long time.

  Keywords: Madura cattle, phenotype uniformity, Sonok, traditional selection

Contact Address: Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, Wageningen University, Department of Animal Science,

Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands, e-mail:

  

Traditional art contest of sonok

as an alternative selection for Madura cattle

1,2,3

  2

  1 Widi, T.S.M , T. Hartatik and H.M.J.Udo

  1 Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands

  2 Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  3 Laboratory of Meat, Draught and Companion Animals, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  Abstract

  Madura cattle is one of prominent local cattle in Indonesia which was probably formed from 3 breeds, Bali, Ongole and Bos Taurus cattle. The uniformity of this breed was developed from tuft selection of Madura people, for hundreds years. Madura cattle are also embedded with cultural activities of Madura people. One of cultural event involving Madura cattle is Sonok contest which is aimed to traditionally select good heifer and cows. Cultural practices in keeping Sonok cattle and criteria applied to select it, can be considered for conservation Madura cattle.

  Madura people applied for certain characteristics to select Madura cattle which distinct them with their ancestors (Bali and Ongole cattle). The criteria for selection of Sonok cattle include: body conformation, body colour, existence of dewlap and hump, smear colour and back line colour. The aim of this study is to explore certain characteristics of Sonok cattle among different groups of age.

  In total 166 heads of Sonok cattle divided into 6 groups of age were observed for their exterior characteristics, namely, body colour, existence of dewlap, hump, smear colour around eyes, mouth and legs, and existence of the coloured back line. In total 106 heads of Sonok heifers and cows were observed for their body condition score (BCS).

  Mostly Sonok cattle in all of age groups are dark brown ( 63,86 %), have medium dewlap (66,27 %) and

  Introduction

  Madura cattle were formed from crossing of wild banteng or Bali cattle, zebu and probably , approximately 1500 years ago, in Madura island (Payne and Rollinson, 1976). The uniformity of the breed was created through continuous selection by the farmers in Madura (Anonymous, 2003). The colour is reddish-brown with a non-specific white pattern on the back-bottom and legs (Anonymous, 2003). Their height varies between 1.16 m and 1.24 m. They have a long body in relation to their legs. The cows have a small head; the head of the bull is bigger. Their hoofs are strong. Madura cattle are extremely well adapted to the local conditions and traditional management by the farmers. They are reported to be one of the best draught animals in the world relative to their size (Barwegen, 2004).

  Maduranese people have a strong cultural feeling about cattle and they care for their cattle as if they are members of their family (De Jonge, 1990). The significance of cattle is also evident from the appearance of bulls in local folk-tales, proverbs, and wood carvings depicting bulls, and from the horns on traditional houses. There are two traditional events in Madura, which involves Madura cattle, Bull racing (karapan) and cow contest (sonok). This study only observed the Madura cattle which are used for sonok activity.

  Sonok is a heifer/cow contest for which good heifers and cows are selected based on their exterior performances. During contest, sonok cattle are harnessed with pengonong which makes them walk in pairs and dressed with beautiful adornments. The pairs of cattle, guided by jockey , have to walk along a line of 25 m to reach a finishing line, designed like a gate, while stepping their forefeet in a harmonious manner (Widi et.al, 2010, unpublished).

  Sonok cattle are judged by conformation traits, such as height at whiter, colour, body conformation, body condition, health, and harmonious walking in a pair. The cows that perform well are

  Thirty seven sonok farmers were interviewed regarding the special characteristics of female Madura cattle that are important for sonok contest. One hundred and sixty six female Madura cattle, divided into six different age groups, were determined, by observing their phenotypic characteristics.

  The qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The frequency distribution was used to analyze the exterior characteristics of female Madura cattle used for sonok.

  Results Desirable characteristics of sonok cattle

  Figure 1 describes the characteristics mentioned by farmers in selecting Madura cattle for sonok activity.

  Desirable characteristics of Sonok cattle

  Big body, dark red in colour and Small-medium and firmly dewlap

small-medium hump cattle. Madura people have been maintaining the uniformity characteristics of Madura cattle for hundred years. However, they special characteristics for each cultural event purpose.

  Exterior characteristics of sonok cattle Table 1 shows the exterior characteristics of sonok cattle among different age groups.

  26.8

  33.3

  51.8  Cream

  57.1

  61.8

  37.5

  56.5

  24.0

  66.7

  11.4 Smear colour around mouth (%)  Non specific

  11.8

  30.1

  0.0

  0.0

  0.0

  0.0

  27.7  Large

  55.4

  26.4

  6.2

  21.7

  0.0

  68.0

  62.5

  60.9  Medium

  43.7

  39.3

  41.2

  56.3

  43.5

  56.0

  41.7

  55.4  Cream

  60.7

  58.8

  56.5

  35.3

  44.0

  58.3

  2.4 Smear colour around eyes (%)  Non specific

  0.0

  2.9

  0.0

  4.4

  8.0

  45.8  White

  42.9

  0.0

  17.8

  Table 1. Exterior characteristics of Sonok cattle

  28.0

  25.0

  13.0

  20.0

  25.0

  19.3  Yellow

  28.6

  8.8

  12.5

  13.0

  8.3

  8.9

  63.8  Dark red-yellow

  62.5

  67.7

  62.5

  73.9

  52.0

  66.7

   Dark red

  1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 >30 Body colour (%)

  Exterior characteristics Group of age (months) Average

  23.5

  16.9 Size of dewlap (%)  Not exist

  61.8

  39.3

  93.8

  78.3

  30.1 Size of hump (%)  Small 100.0 100.0

  60.7

  29.4

  0.0

  21.7

  0.0

  8.3

  66.3  Medium

  61.8

  8.3

  93.7

  78.3

  96.0

  83.3

  3.6  Small

  0.0

  8.8

  6.3

  0.0

  4.0

  44.6 Smear colour The exterior characteristics of sonok cattle are not much different among age of groups due to selection by farmers to choose them as sonok cattle. The body colour is one of the most important criteria to select sonok cattle. Farmers more preferred dark-red rather than less dark body colour. They believed that dark body colour is results of good breeding selection and caring of sonok cattle. Sonok farmers like small dewlap and small hump, non specific colour around mouth and eyes, and cream colour on legs. They do not much emphasize on the existence of back line pattern. Most of sonok cattle have body condition score above 3, indicating a good body condition.

  Conclusions

  Characteristics of Madura cattle, especially sonok cattle, which are most preferred by the farmers are combination of the characteristics of Bali and Ongole cattle. By applying traditional selection, Madura people have been maintaining phenotype uniformity of this breed for hundred years. Sonok contest is one of unique events in Madura, which can be a main driver of maintaining a local breed.

  References

  Anonymous. 2003. National report on animal genetic resources Indonesia; a strategy of development Department of Agriculture, Jakarta. Barwegen, M. 2004. Browsing in livestock history; large ruminants and the environment in Java, 1850 - 2000.in Smallholders and stockbreeders; histories of foodcrop and livestock farming in Southeast Asia. P. B. a. D. Henley, ed. KITLV Press., Leiden. De Jonge, H. 1990. Of bulls and men: the Madurese aduan sapi. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 146(4):423 - 447. Payne, W. and D. Rollinson. 1976. Madura cattle. Z. Tierzuch Zuctsbiol 93:89-100.