E. Significance of the Study
The result of this study hopefully can give some benefits not only theoritically but also practically go to;
1. Teacher educators.
Theoretically, teacher educators may add variety concepts of horizon of learning strategy used by English learners as a foreign language. Practically,
teacher educators may practice the concepts and understanding related to learning strategy for understanding the learners better.
2. Students.
Theoritically, students understand kinds of learning strategy in learning English in order to accelerate and enhance their comprehension. Practically, the
benefits for the students may practice the concepts for understanding learning English to get satisfaction result.
3. Other researchers.
Theoretically, it is as input or comparison of different types of learning strategies in learning English as a foreign language. Practically, other researchers
may practice or choose variety of strategies to learn and develop, explore, criticize, and examine other aspects related to the kinds of learning strategies.
5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Learning Strategies
1. Definition of Learning Strategy
To understand the meaning of language learning strategy is important in learning and teaching English. It can help to have more understanding in language
learning strategies better. The word strategy comes from Greek which means high level plan to achieve one or more goals.
1
Based on Brown, strategy is a specific method in approaching a problem or manipulating information to achieve the
goals.
2
In education, gradually, the concept of strategy has a big influence on it. Based on Darmasyah, learning strategy is all about perspective, thought,
patterns, and direction that taken for gaining effective learning.
3
Meanwhile, Yongqi Gue stated that to complete a learning task by the students, learning
strategy must be carried out.
4
Based on O’Malley and Chamot, learning strategy is the special thought and behavior that individuals use to help them comprehend,
learn, or retain new information.
5
Learning strategies is also defined by Cook as the learner’s choice in using and learning the language.
6
Based on the explanation above, it can be seen that learning strategy is what learners taken in order to complete a learning task and enables effective
learning.
1
Strategy. Retrieved from http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiStrategy
, accessed at January, 16
th
2015. 10:42 AM.
2
H. Douglas Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Fifth Edition, New York: Pearson Education, 2007, p. 119.
3
Darmasyah, Strategi Pembelajaran Menyenangkan Dengan Humor, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2010, pp. 20
—21.
4
Yongqie Gue, Vocabulary Learning in a Second Language: Person, Task, Context, and Strategies, TESL_EJ, Vol. 7, 2003, p. 3.
5
J. Michael O’Malley and Anna Uhl Chamot, Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 1.
6
Vivian Cook, Second Language Learning and Language Teaching Fourth Edition, UK: Hodder Education, 2008, p. 113.
2. Kinds of Learning Strategy
Associated to the definition of learning strategy, the next discussion is about the kinds of learning strategy. Many experts have different opinions about
learning strategy. Based on Reigeluth and Degeng, there are three kinds of learning strategy:
a. Organizational strategy: a way to organize the contents of field of a study. It
refers on how learning and teaching materials were presented. b.
Delivery strategy: referring to teaching media and how the learners can understand the media that being used.
c. Management strategy: it is how to organize the interaction between learners
and learning strategy variables, which are organizational strategy and delivery strategy. It refers in scheduling and allocation of teaching that organized.
7
Those are learning strategies based on Reigeleuth and Degeng’s view. On
the other hand, QUT library has another opinion about learning strategies. Based on it, learning strategies are:
a. Outline: refers on giving the learners a framework in which the learners itself
can add details to comprehend what they are learning. b.
Divide: refers to dividing the task of the study into a smaller task. c.
Vary: the learners allow changing the environment in order to avoid losing concentration.
d. Incubate: allow learners to learning more, but in needs process.
e. Revise: allow learners to revise the material for more understanding the
learning process.
8
These are learning strategies which are explained by the experts. They have their own opinion about the kinds of learning strategies. However, to
effortlessly acquire the materials to the learners mind, every learner has their beliefs, thinking, and behavior in learning process.
7
Made Wena, Strategi Pembelajaran Inovativ Kontemporer –Suatu Tinjauan Konseptual
Operasional, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2009, pp. 5 —6.
8
Kinds of
Learning Strategy.
Retrieved from
http:studywell.library.qut.edu.auppoint_filesSTUDYMANAGEMENT_EffectiveLearningStrate gies.pdf
, accessed at September, 4
th
2015, 15:55 PM.
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