Mother-tongue proficiency and multilingualism Domains of language use

28. If “Yes” What languages is it written in? कुन भाषामा लेिखएका छन् ? Material: 29. Yes or No? 30. If “Yes” What languages is it written in? a. Literacy materials साषरता सामरी b. Newspapers समाचारपर c. Magazines पिरका d. Written literature िलिखत सािह्य e. Folklore टुका f. Health materials ्वा््याको बरेमा g. Other अ्य 31. If they mentioned written materials Do you read any of these things written in your language? तपाँ आ्नो भाषामा मािथका सामरी म्ये कुनै प्नुहु्छ ?

C. Mother-tongue proficiency and multilingualism

32. What languages can you speak? तपाँ कुन कुन भाषा बो्न स्नुहु्छ ? 33. What language did you speak first? तपाँले सबै भ्दा पिहले कुन भाषा बो्नुभयो ? So you speak… remind of Q. 32 Which language do you speak… यी भाषाहूम्ये ….., कुन भाषा: 34. best? सबै भ्दा रारो? 35. second best? दोरो रारो? 36. third best? तेरो रारो? 37. fourth best? चौथो रारो? RTT: SCREENING CRITERIA 4: Speaks YamphuLohorung either first OR best. YES □ NO □ 38. Among the languages that you speak which one do you love the most? तपाँले बो्ने भाषाहू म्ये कुन चाही ँ सबै भ्दा बढी मन पराउनुहु्छ ? 39. Only ask if MT was not best language Please estimate how proficient are you in your mother tongue: तपाँ आ्नो मातृभाषामा कितको पो्त हुनुहु्छ ? a ฀ Very Well धेरै रारो b ฀ Some िठक िठकै c ฀ Only a Little अिल अिल 40. Only ask if literate Please estimate how well you can read your mother tongue: तपाँ आ्नो मातृभाषा कितको रारो प्न स्नु हु्छ ? a ฀ Very Well धेरै रारो b ฀ Some िठक िठकै c ฀ Only a Little अिल अिल 41. Only ask if literate Please estimate how well you can write in your mother tongue: तपाँ आ्नो मातृभाषा कितको रारो ले् न स्नुहु्छ ? a ฀ Very Well धेरै रारो b ฀ Some िठक िठकै c ฀ Only a Little अिल अिल 42. Other languages known to your father तपाँको बुबाले अ्य कुन कुन भाषा जा् नुहु्छ ? 43. Other languages known to your mother तपाँको आमाले अ्य कुन कुन भाषा जा् नुहु्छ ? 44. Other languages known to your spouse तपाँको रीमान्रीमतीले अ्य कुन कुन भाषा जा् नु हु्छ ? 45. What languages are spoken by your sonsdaughters? तपाँका छोराछोरीहूले कुन कुन भाषा बो्छन् ? 46. Where did they learn those languages? ितनीहूले ती भाषाहू कहाँ िसके ? 45. Other languages spoken by children: 46. Where learned: a. b. 47. When a small child first goes to school, can she understand everything hisher Nepali speaking teacher says? भख्र ्कुल जान थालेका स-साना नानीले िशषक-िशिषकाले कषामा नेपालीमा भनेका सबै कुरा बु्छन्? a ฀ Yes सबै बु्छन् b ฀ A little bit अिल अिल बु्छन् c ฀ No बु्दैनन्

D. Domains of language use

48. Which language do you use most frequently for the following purposes? तपाई राय कुन भषा_______-को लािग बो् नुहु् छ ? Domain Language A Counting ग्ती गदा् B Singing गीत गाउँदा C Joking ठटा गदा् D Bargaining Shopping Marketing हाटबजार गदा्मोलतोल गदा् E Story telling कथा भ्दा F Discussing Debate छलफलवादिववाद गदा् G Praying राथ्ना गदा् H Quarrelling झगडा गदा् I Abusing scoldingusing taboo words गाली गदा् J Telling stories to children केटाकेटीलाई कथा सुनाउँदा K Singing at home घरमा गीत गाउँदा L Family gatherings पािरवािरक जमघटमा M Village meetings गाँउको बैठकमा 49.a. Language most frequently used in the home when discussing education matters. तपांको घरमा िशिष स्बनधी कुराकानी गदा् सबै भ्दा बढी बोिलने भाषा कुन हो? ज्तै: सवयालय, भना्, पढाइ, ि्शशकिशिषक स्बनधी Person Language i. Grandfather: हजुरबुबासँग ii. Grandmother: हजुरआमासँग iii. Father: बुबासँग iv. Mother: आमासँग v. Spouse: रीमान्रीमतीसँग vi. Children: छोराछोरीसँग 49.b. Language most frequently used in home when discussing social events and family matters. तपांको घरमा सामािजक िरयाकलाप र पािरवािरक िवषयमा छलफल गदा् ज्तै: चाडपव्, चुनाव, उ्सव, िववाह, वचत, खच् स्ब्धी Person Language i. Grandfather: हजुरबुबासँग ii. Grandmother: हजुरआमासँग iii. Father: बुबासँग iv. Mother: आमासँग v. Spouse: रीमान्रीमतीसँग vi. Children: छोराछोरीसँग 49.c. If able to write Language most frequently used in home when writing letters. तपांको घरमा िचठीपर ले्दा Person Language i. Grandfather: हजुरबुबासँग ii. Grandmother: हजुरआमासँग iii. Father: बुबासँग iv. Mother: आमासँग v. Spouse: रीमान्रीमतीसँग vi. Children: छोराछोरीसँग 50. What language do your children usually speak while: तपाँका छोराछोरीले राय जसो … कुन भाषा रयोग गछ्न् ? a playing with other children? अ्य साथीहुसँग खे्दा ? b talking with neighbors? िछमे कीहूसँग कुराकानी गदा् ? c at school? िवयालयमा ? 51. How often do you use your mother tongue? तपाँ आ्नो मातृभाषा कितको रयोग गनु् हु्छ ? a ฀ Every day िदन िदनै b ฀ Rarely किहले काही ँ c Never किह्यै गिद्न 52. What language of wider communication LWC is used here and how often do you use it? तपाँको स्पक् भाषा कुन हो र ्यसको कित रयोग गनु्हु्छ ? LWC name भाषाको नाम: a ฀ Every day िदन िदनै b ฀ Rarely किहले काही ँ c Never किह्यै गिद्न 53. Which language do you usually use when speakers of other languages visit you at home? तपाँको भ्दा बे्लै भाषा बो्ने साथीभाइ तपाँका घरमा आउँदा कुन भाषाको रयोग गनु्हु्छ ? 54. What language do you prefer for your childrens medium of instruction at primary level? तपाँका छोराछोरीलाई राथिमक तहमा कुन भाषाको मा्यममा पढाउन चाहनुहु्छ ? a ฀ Mother tongue मातृभाषा b ฀ Nepali नेपाली c ฀ English अंरेजी d ฀ Other अ्य

E. Language vitality Intergenerational transfer