CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses about research methods used in this research. The methods are used to collect, analyze, and interpret the data of research.
They cover research design, area determination method, subject determination method, operational definition terms, data collection method, and data analysis
method. Each point is described in the following sections respectively.
3.1 Research Design
This research applied quasi experimental research design. According to Creswell 2012:312, in quasi experimental research, the researcher uses
intact classes for the experiment. This is because the researcher cannot artificially create groups for the experiment.
In this research, the researcher assigned intact groups for the experimental and control group, gave treatment to the experimental group only,
and then administered a post-test to assess the differences between the two groups. Further, Fraenkel and Wallen 2009:262, explained that the
experimental group receives a treatment of some sorts, while the control group or comparison group receives no treatment or different treatment. In fact, the
control group or comparison group was very important for it enables the researcher to evaluate whether the treatment had an effect or whether one
treatment was more effective than another. In this research, the experimental group was taught by applying the clustering technique, while the control group
was taught without using clustering technique. This research used post-test only design to know whether or not there
is a significant effect of the students’ achievement having been given certain treatment. It is used to observe and measure the effect of using clustering
technique on the eighth grade students’ recount text writing achievement at SMP Negeri 1 Siliragung Banyuwangi in the 20152016 academic year.
The design of quasi experiment using post-test only design is presented in the following table:
Table 3.1 Table Design of Quasi Experimental Using Post-test Only Design Posttest Only Design
Time Select Control Group
No Treatment Post-test
Select Experiment Group Experimental Treatment
Post-test Creswell, 2012:310
The procedure of the research design is as follows: 1. Administering homogeneity test to all of the eighth grade students to
know the homogeneity of the population. 2. Analyzing the score of homogeneity test and if the result was
significant, it means the population was not considered as homogeneous heterogeneous. Meanwhile, if the result was not significant, it means
that the population was considered homogeneous. 3. Choosing two classes of homogeneous population by using cluster
random sampling in which both classes were determined then by lottery after homogeneity test was given.
4. Determining the experimental and control group, then giving treatment to the experimental group by using clustering technique and control
group without using clustering technique. 5. Conducting the teaching learning process both in experimental and
control group. 6. Administering writing post-test to the participants experimental group
and control group to measure the students’ writing achievement. 7. Finding the mean score of each group experimental and control group
then finding the differences between the two means of experimental group and control group.
8. Comparing the mean scores of two groups and analyzing the result of the test by using independent sample t-test formula with 5
significance level.
9. Concluding the result to answer the research problem.
3.2 Area Determination Method
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