26 The carapace length of small white shrimp caught by setnet is described in the
Fig.16
. The size range of this shrimp has carapace length between from 0.8 cm to
2.1 cm Appendix 5 and 6. The bigger proportions of this shrimp were composed
by carapace length from 1.3 – 1.5 cm.
13 May 2006 n = 189
50 100
150
0.8 - 1.2 1.3 - 1.5
1.6 - 1.8 1.9 - 2.1
Carapace length cm S
h ri
mp n
u mb
e rs
13 M ay 2006 n = 268
50 100
150 200
0.8 - 1.2 1.3 - 1.5
1.6 - 1.8 1.9 - 2.1
Carapace le ngth cm S
h ri
m p num
be rs
10 June 2006 n = 189
50 100
150 200
0.8 - 1.2 1.3 - 1.5
1.6 - 1.8 1.9 - 2.1
Carapace length cm S
h ri
mp n
u mb
e rs
Fig.16. Carapace length frequency distribution of small white shrimp caught by
setnet, April – June 2006
Sizes distribution of small white shrimp caught by setnet
The sizes distribution of small white shrimp caught by setnet is described in
the Fig.17. The average total length of small white shrimp in the river water station
1 – 4 ranged from 4.4 cm – 4.9 cm or smaller than the average length total length of small white shrimp that inhabited in the inner of estuary water station 5 – 10 which
27 had average of total length 4.9 cm – 5.3 cm. The longest of total length was caught
from deeper water with higher salinity station 11, i.e. 6.8 cm. A specimen with total
length of 9 cm was found also at station 11Appendix 7.
0.00 5.00
10.00 15.00
20.00 25.00
I II
III IV
V VI
VII VIII IX X
XI
Station Tot
a l l
e ngt
h, W
a te
r de pt
h ,
s a
li ni
ty Shrim p
length Cm
Water depth m
Salinity
Fig. 17
: The average total length of small white shrimp caught by setnet in Sungai Kakap estuary compared with water depth and salinity.
The bottom sediment of the estuary consists of sand, clay and silt. The result
of sediment analysis form laboratory is shown in Table 6. Table 6
: Sediment type in Sungai Kakap estuary
Result in Station 1
Station 3 Station 6
Station 10 Analysis type
river river
estuary estuary
Unit
Sediment texture Sand 11.4
13.2 17.4
18.4 Clay 56.2
40.7 33.4
35.7 Silt 32.4
46.1 49.2
45.9
From
: Laboratory of Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2006
Setnet distribution
The operation of setnet in Sungai Kakap estuary was used more than twelve years ago. This gear is cheap and simple to operate. In addition the deployment of
setnet relatively does not disturb for small fisherman boats. The numbers of setnet in Sungai Kakap estuary when the study conducted are 123 units. The distribution of
setnet is illustrated in Fig. 18.
28
Fig.18 . Setnet distribution in Sungai Kakap estuary Kabupaten Pontianak
West Kalimantan
Catch per unit effort CPUE of small white shrimp fishery
The catches of small white shrimp landed in Sungai Kakap landing base tend to increase during twelve years. This might be influenced by the increasing of
fisherman efforts. However, the increasing of shrimp production does not always reflect the increasing of fisherman productivity. The trend of CPUE has been long
time used to express the productivity of fishermen Berachi 2003. CPUE trend of
small white shrimp is expressed in Table 7 and Fig. 19.
29
Table 7
. Annual trend of small white shrimp catch and CPUE during 1994 – 2005
Catch Effort CPUE CPUE Effort No Year
Kg trip
Kg trip INDEX
INDEX 1 1994 340330 10750 31.66
100 100
2 1995 378847 11370 33.32 108
108 3 1996 386142 12508 30.87
122 122
4 1997 330856 13693 24.16 100
124 5 1998 315067 17875 17.63
104 138
6 1999 311652 22836 13.65 102
139 7 2000 337561 22896 14.74
97 147
8 2001 415247 25879 16.05 97
159 9 2002 429978 27986 15.36
84 189
10 2003 439878 29896 14.71
51 292
11 2004 439012 29987 14.64
74 229
12 2005 438802 32895 13.34
66 297
Amount 4563372 258571 240.13 1105 2044
Average 380281 21548 20.01 92.08 170.33
CPUE Tre nd of am bai Shrim p
0.00 5.00
10.00 15.00
20.00 25.00
30.00 35.00
1994 1995
1996 1997
1998 1999
2000 2001
2002 2003
20 04
2005
Ye ar Kg
E
Fig.19 .The CPUE trend during twelve years from the year 1994 - 2005
Figure 19 indicates that CPUE trend of small white shrimp tend to decrease over the years. One factor behind the condition could be the increasing effort by
fisherman. The curve in Fig.20 illustrated the correlation between effort and CPUE
of small white shrimp during twelve years as follow:
30
50 100
150 200
250 300
350
19 94
19 96
19 98
20 00
20 02
20 04
Ye ar In
d ex val
u e
CPUE INDEX
EFFORT INDEX
Fig.20. The correlation between effort and CPUE of small white shrimp in Sungai
Kakap estuary Figure 20 expresses the relation between CPUE of small white shrimp and
effort numbers during the year 1994 - 2005. The curve shows that the increasing of effort numbers tended to be followed by decreasing of CPUE values.
Economic analysis of small white shrimp Metapenaeus lysianassa fishery
Fisherman income using setnet in Sungai Kakap estuary is derived from selling of small white shrimp production. Most of small white shrimp catches from
Sungai Kakap estuary are sold by local market in Kecamatan Sungai Kakap. Most of small white shrimp is consumed by local community for fresh food and dry shrimp.
Dry shrimp is marketed to wider market. They are sold to Jakarta and Sarawak Malaysia via middle man trader. The average price of fresh small white shrimp per
kilogram in local market at the momment is Rp.6000 while dry shrimp price per kg is Rp.60000. Fisherman income per trip is derived from selling of shrimp production
after it is lessened by total cost per trip. Total cost consists of variable cost operational cost and fixed cost depreciation cost of fishing gear. The average of
operational cost per trip is Rp.34.400 and the depreciation cost of fishing gear is
Rp.13000 per trip or equal with total cost per trip Rp.47400 Appendix 13 and 14.
The average of fisherman income from small white shrimp fishery during three
months investigation is shown in Table 8.
31
Table 8
: The average of fisherman income from small white shrimp fishery
Harvest Price Total Cost
Gross income
Net Income Year 2006
Kgtrip RpKg Rp
Rp Rp
April 12 6000 47400
72000 24600
May 10.5 6000 47400 63000
15600 June 14 6000
47400 84000
36600
Average April-June
12.17 6000 47400 73000 25600
