3. Morpheme
Before we step closer to the main discussion on this research, it is important to acknowledge an entity known as morpheme which is the
subject of study by a branch of linguistics known as morphology. Bauer stated that “a morpheme maybe defined as the minimal unit of
grammmatical analysis” 14. “A morpheme that can be a word by itself is called free while a morpheme that must be attached to another element is
said bound morpheme” O’Grady dan Guzman 133. “Word is not a smallest unit of language, because word can be separated. The smallest
unit of language is morpheme which can not be separated into smaller part
again.” Hatch and Brown 261.
For example: The word “friends” consist of two morphemes: friend and suffix
–s, which indicates plural form “There is at least one morpheme contained in a word” Minkova
and Stockwell 65. Since morpheme is a smallest unit of language is morpheme which is can not be separated into smaller part again, there is a
significant case to be concerned, Minkova and Stockwell 64 stated that “if there is a case when morpheme morph divided into m, o, r,
ph =f, those units cannot be called the unit of meaning, because each unit do not have meaning. Instead, they are called units of sound”.
4. Lexeme and Word
Lexemes and words are linguistic units bigger than morphemes. O’Grady and Guzman explained “Of all units of linguistic analysis, the
word is the most familiar. The most reliable defining property of words is that they are smallest free forms found in language” 133. Lexemes and
words are two different terms. In general, we can say that lexemes are vocabulary items listed in the dictio
nary. “Besides, the ‘word’ can also be seen as a presentation of a lexeme that is associated with certain morpho-
syntactic properties such as noun, adjective, verb, adverb, pronoun, proposition, conjunction and partly syntactic properties such as tense
asp ect, mood, gender, number, etc” Katamba 19.
Lexeme Words
study studying, studies, studied
cook cooked, cooking, cooks
5. Word Formation Process
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