Of course, each of them reader and read has a number of word forms: reader and readers
in the case of READER, and reads, reading and read r εd in the case of
READ. Moreover, the new lexeme is of a different syntactic category from that of original lexeme a verb become a noun. They claim that the creation of a lexeme is
the province of derivational morphology or ‘derivation’. They also notice while
adverbs ADV are often derived from adjectives by suffixation of –ly bad ~ bad-ly, noisy ~ noisi-ly
, etc.. The other three categories N, A, and A can, however, readily be derived from each other. They add that preposition P does not participate in
derivation in English or most other languages for that matter.
3. Lexical development
Jiang 2000:50 compares the task of vocabulary acquisition in L1 and L2. Task of vocabulary acquisition in L1 lexical development is to understand and
acquire the meanings as well as others properties of words. L1 lexical development semantic properties even become the parameter in understanding the meaning of a
word. It can be inferred that lexical development in L2 consists of two aspects, representations and processing.
Jiang 2000: 52 also suggests that there are three stages of the lexical development in Second Language L2. The first is the initial stage where L2
learners focus their attention on the formal features of word such i.e. spelling and pronunciation. In this sense, lexical item acquired by the learners is considered
lexical item without lemma. Each lexical entry or vocabulary contains lexeme and lemma. Here, lemma contains the semantic and syntactic specification, for example
word meanings and part of speech while lexeme contains morphological and formal specification such as phonological and orthographical. Carter 1998: 46 adds that
lemmatization problem concerns the information that sometimes two lexical items are different in their meaning but have the same word-formation. Lemma semantic
and syntactic specification of L2 learners is gained through the First Language L1 lemma information. Figure 2.1 gives the simple illustration of the initial stage of
lexical development adapted from Levelt 1989 as cited in Jiang 2000: 51.
concept
L1 word L2
word
Figure 2.1: Initial Stage of Lexical Development in L2 The second is L1 lemma mediation stage, stage when the all lemma
information is copied in to its entries. It means the lemma gap of an L2 word is engaged by the lemma information in its L1 translation. The following figure
presents the whole process in this stage.
concept
L2 word
L1 word
Figure 2.2: L1 Lemma mediation Stage Lexical Development in L2
The third is L2 integration stage. It is the stage when semantic, syntactic and morphological specifications of L2 word are extracted from exposure and use and
integrated into the lexical entry. At this stage, L1 and L2 will be similar each of other in terms of both representations and processing. The next is figure 2.3 which
illustrates L2 integration stage.
concept
L1 word
Figure 2.3: L2 integration stage Practically, when learners overtake the second stage or lemma mediation
stage, they may have difficulties of releases the L1 lemma information connection to L2 lexeme. Furthermore, such condition stimulates fossilization; learners’ lexical
development stagnates in this stage. According to Ellis 1994 even large extensive exposure of vocabulary acquisition L2 will strengthen connection of L1 lemma
information to L2 target word.
4. Model of Vocabulary Acquisition
