places are taken from Indonesian linguists’ book, Abdul Chaer 1987 and M. Ramlan 1980.
a. Preposition Of Place di
Preposition of place di is used to indicate position of a certain thing or noun. It usually precedes a noun which contains an idea of a place adverb of
place. For example:
- Kami belajar di perpustakaan. - Dia berada di pulau Bali.
Di is also used to show where a certain article is written in newspaper,
magazines, books, etc.. For example:
- Artikel itu dimuat di surat kabar. di can be replaced by didalamdalam. b. Preposition Of Place di atas
In order to state the location thoroughly, the preposition of place di can be used with other prepositions like atas and dalam. The preposition of place di atas
is to indicate a higher position Ramlan, 1980: 67-68. For example:
- Buku itu saya letakkan di atas meja. - Wanita itu menjunjung beban di atas kepalanya.
c. Preposition Of Place di dalam
The preposition of place di dalam is used to indicate a place having volume or space. For example:
- Uang itu disimpan di dalam lemari.
- Mereka duduk di dalam ruangan yang sempit.
Preposition of place dalam is also used to indicate a place having volume or space, and in this case, dalam and di dalam are interchangeable. Thus, the
preposition of place in those two sentences can be replaced by the preposition of
place dalam. The preposition of place dalam itself is more used to show that
someone is in a certain situation or event. For example:
- dalam bentrokan itu beberapa orang menjadi korban. d. Preposition Of Place pada
The preposition of place pada is used to signify locations which do not
show the exact place. For example:
- Ibu bekerja pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota. - Perasaan sedih masih terbayang pada wajahnya.
The uses of the preposition of place pada here can be replaced by the preposition of place di.
Pada is usually usd to indicated position on a surface Ramlan, 1980: 92.
For example:
- pada tiap-tiap balon ditempelkan secarik kertas bergambar bunga emas. - Lukisan akan bagus kalau di gantungkan pada dinding sejajar dengan
pandangan mata.
Pada is also used in front of pronoun, e.g. pada orang itu terdapat sifat-
sifat yang patut dijadikan contoh, but the preposition di is never used preceding
noun. From the theories of preposition of place at, in and on an Indonesian
preposition of place di, di atas, di dalam and pada, we can observe that the
preposition of place at has similar meaning with di and pada, the preposition of place in has similar meaning with di and di dalam, and the preposition of place on
has similar meaning with di, di atas and pada. Indonesian learners often use the preposition of place at, in and on interchangeably since their meanings are almost
the same. However, they just may not use those prepositions at random. It is almost impossible in practices that the Indonesian learners will use preposition of
place at or on to interpret di dalam, in or at to interpret di atas, and in to interpret pada
. The most interchangeably uses which possibly occur are that the prepositions of place at, in and on are used to interpret di.
There are several difficulties faced by the L2 learner during their study. The factors that may lead the L2 learner faced the obstacles will be explained
below.
6. Possible Factors Causing Difficulty in Learning Preposition of Place at, in
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