∑X: The sum of X scores ∑Y: The sum of Y scores
∑XY: The sum of the products of paired X and Y scores ∑X
2
: The sum of the squared score in X distribution
∑Y
2
: The sum of the squared score in Y distribution
N : The number of the subjects
The result of the computation was the reliability of the half test. To determine the reliability of the full test, the writer employed the Spearman-Brown
Prophecy Formula. The formula is as follows:
Where: r
1
: The reliability of the full test r
12
: The person r correlation of the two halves the reliability of the half test
F. Data Gathering Procedure
The test intended to gather the data was conducted in structure I class of the first semester students in the academic year of 2007 2008. Since the writer
used the cluster sampling technique, the test was conducted only in a class. The students’ were asked to do the 50 items of the test which is divided into two parts
in twenty minutes. The test was administered on 30 August 2006.
G. Data Analysis Procedure
Since the writer used the cluster sampling technique, the all members of structure I class C 25 students were considered as the representative samples of
the population. As the standard to determine whether the answer is correct or incorrect, the writer used the authoritative English grammar textbooks and the
review of the literature as it is listed in the previous chapter. To avoid the overlap in this study, the grammatical errors in constructing the sentences in production
test test part II was ignored. Since the test was divided into two parts, the writer then counted the
number of correct answers of each student in each part of the tests and in whole parts of the test. Based on the findings, the writer found out the percentage of the
correct answers achieved by each student. Based on this fact the writer also found out the percentage of the students achieving the percentage of the correct answers.
To determine the students’ mastery on the preposition of place at, in and on, the writer compared the result of the computation to the minimum standard of
mastery stated in the Peraturan Akademik Universitas Sanata Dharma 2002. According to Peraturan Akademik Universitas Sanata Dharma 2002, the
minimum standard of mastery percentage is 56. It means that the students are considered not to have difficulties if their percentage of the correct answer is
above 56. In the other word, if their percentage is lower than 56, it can be said that they still have difficulties in mastering the preposition of place at, in and on.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter contains the research findings and discussion of the study. The first section of this chapter presents the data collected from the test. Tables are used
to ease the data presentation to be comprehended. The second section of this chapter is dealing with answering the problem of this research.
A. Data Presentation
As explained before in the previous chapter, the test was administered to the first semester students of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University year 20072008. The test itself was divided into two parts. The first part of the test was the completion test. This kind of test was intended to measure their
ability to use the preposition of place at, in and on. The second part of the test was the translation test. The purpose of the test was to figure out the students ability to
distinguish the differences between the rules underlying the preposition of place of their L1 Indonesian and the rules underlying the preposition of place at, in and on in
English. To ease the data presentation, the presentation of the statistical computation
was divided into three parts. The first part shows the individual achievement in the test. It shows the students performance in the test. The second part shows the class
