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Literary works reflect about real life, which happens in society connected to something like socia
l life. It can also be author’s private experiences, imagination in daily incidents or events Sukada, 1987:62. A literary text is as
any imaginative material that stimulates a response in the reader including songs, cartoons, idioms and proverbs McRae, 1991.
In the post-modern, deconstructionist age, the definition of literature took on a new shape to include texts such as advertising copy, graffiti and public
notices which use literary devices like parallelism, rhyme, rhythm and metaphor Maley, 2001.
2.2.2 The Concept of Prose
Prose comes from a Latin word which means straightforward, and that is what prose writing is like. Prose is a form of language which has no formal
metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of speech, and ordinary grammatical structure rather than rhythmic structure, such as in the case of traditional poetry.
Daily speech is spoken in prose and most people think and write in prose form. Prose comprises of full grammatical sentences which consist of paragraphs and
forgoes aesthetic appeal in favor of clear, straightforward language. It can be said to be the most reflective of conversational speech. Types of literature that usually
fall into the prose category include most essays, short stories, novels, and plays.
2.2.3 The Concept of Novel
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A novel is a story of someone’s life which tells about the life of the character and society in a particular time and sometimes reflects the real life of
that time. In addition, according to Knickerbrockers 1996:103 novel is generally thought to contain about forty five thousand words or more.
2.2.4 The Concept of Character
Characters are figures who participate in the action or the people who play roles in a story and it is expected to be natural and life like Kenney, 1966:24.
According to Muir 1979:23, characters are people or actors of the stories that are represented by the authors in such fictional works as drama, short story or novel.
In addition, Kenney 1966:33 said that character has three dimensions such as the physiological, psychological, and sociological dimensions. Characters also mean
the essential nature and values of an individual figure, or the substance of human personality
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2000:201
2.2.5 The Concept of Characterization
Characterization is a crucial part of making a story compelling. In order to interest and move readers, characters need to seem real. Good characterization
gives readers a strong sense of character’s personalities and complexities; it makes characters vivid, alive and believable.
Characte rization is the author’s way to appear the character and how the
character is presented. Characterization relates with the method by which an author creates the appearance and personality of imaginary people and reveals
their characters Morner and Rausch, 1998:33-34.
