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CHAPTER III
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter focuses on methods of the study. They are approach, research design, subject of research, research variables, research instrument, research procedure,
methods of collecting data, and methods of analysing data.
3.1 Approach
Approach is a way of considering or doing something. The research approach that used in this study is quantitative approach. It uses and deals with statistical
calculation. Statistical calculation is the process of using information discovered from studying numbers by adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers to
judge the number or amount of something.
3.2 Experimental Design
In this study, experimental design was used. This research design used pre-test post-test in experimental and control groups. The design of the experiment can be
described as the following:
E 01
X 02
C 03
Y 04
Arikunto, 2006:86
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In which:
E = experimental group
C = control group
01 = pre-test for the experimental group
02 = post-test for the experimental group
03 = pre-test for the control group
04 = post-test for the control group
X = treatment using leaflets
Y = treatment using photographs
An experimental design involves an experimental group E, a control group C, and treatments in collecting data. Best 1981: 68, in his book
“Research in Education” states that: Experimental design is the blueprint of the procedures that
enable the researcher to test hypotheses by reaching valid conclusions about relationships between independent and
dependent variables. Selection of particular design is based upon the purposes of the experiment, the type of variables to
be manipulated, and the conditions or limiting factors under which it is conducted. The design deals with such practical
problems as how subjects are to be selected for experimental and control groups, the way variables are to be manipulated
and controlled, the way extraneous variables are to be controlled, how observations are to be made, and the type of
statistical analysis to be employed in interpreting data relationships.
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In the design above, samples are assigned either to the experimental group top line or to the control group bottom line. The qualities of the subjects
elected firstly by pre-testing them 01 and 03. Then the experimental treatment was given to the experimental group. The two groups were taught with the same
topic but with different media. The experimental group was taught with leaflet. The control group was taught with photograph. Both groups did the same test that
is composition essay with what they have done in the pre-test. The results 02 and 04 were counted statistically as the object of the study.
3.3 Subject of Research
