Data Analysis

B. Data Analysis

In data analysis, the researcher divided into two parts, namely The Types of Code Choices Employed by the Two Main Characters in the Movie Entitled ‘Rush Hour 2” and The Social Meanings in Choosing the Codes.

a. The Types of Code Choices Employed by the Two Main Characters in the

Movie Entitled ‘Rush Hour 2” Fasold (1984:180) in The Sociolinguistics of Society proposes three kinds of language choices, namely code switching, code mixing, and variation within the same language . Relates to the Fasold theory, the researcher identifies that the movie entitled “Rush Hour 2” involves four types of code choices applied by the two main characters, i.e. English, Chinese, Switching between Codes, and Mixing between Codes.

1. English

In “Rush Hour 2”, the main characters use English code as one of the code when they speak. There are twenty four data containing English code. These are:

01/B.E/RH2, 04/C.E/RH2, 07/B.E/RH2, 08/B.E/RH2, 09/B.E/RH2, 13/B.E/RH2, 15/B.E/RH2, 17/B.E/RH2, 18/F.E/RH2, 20/F.E/RH2, 21/B.E/RH2, 22/B.E/RH2, 23/B.E/RH2, 24/C.E/RH2, 25/C.E/RH2, 26/C.E/RH2, 27/C.E/RH2, 28/C.E/RH2, 29/B.E/RH2, 30/C.E/RH2, 31/B.E/RH2, 34/C.E/RH2, 35/B.E/RH2, and 36/B.E/RH2.

All data above consist of four variants; they are Formal English, Colloquial English, and Black English.

a) Formal English There are two data of formal English, namely: 18/F.E/RH2 and 20/F.E/RH2

Example:

18/F.E/RH2

There are three participants in this datum, namely Superintendent Chin, Lee and Agent Sterling. Superintendent Chin is the Head of Hong Kong Police and Lee is one of his men. Lee is the Chinese main character who has a position as a Chief Inspector in Hong Kong Police. Superintendent Chin and Lee are Chinese. Agent Sterling is Special Agent from United States Secret Service who is coming to Hong Kong Police to discuss a case about American embassy bombing that killed two American agents. The conversation takes place in the Superintendent Chin’s office in Hong Kong Police. Lee walks in and sees Sterling is sitting at Chin's desk while Chin standing in the back. Superintendent Chin introduces Agent Sterling to Lee.

Lee : Good afternoon, Sir! Superintendent Chin : Lee….. Lee

: Yes, Sir!

Superintendent Chin : This is Special Agent Sterling from the United States Secret Service. Lee

: The Secret Service? Why? Sterling

: Have a sit, please!

What I'm about to tell you cannot leave this room. The men who were killed

yesterday were not American translators. They were undercover U.S. customs agents trying to break a Triad smuggling ring.

The dialogue above takes place in the office, so the participants are in a formal situation. They use formal style of English. It is proven in greeting and addressing used by Lee. Lee says Good Afternoon, Sir! to Chin who has higher position than Lee. Moreover, Agent Sterling gives politeness expression by saying please to Lee.

b) Colloquial Colloquial language is known as variation within language segmented as non-formal use. It is quite different from standard language, especially in terms of time and situation. It is obvious that colloquial languages that mostly appear in the form of words or idioms are the most suitable forms of language used in informal situation. Language at this level is proper when someone is speaking to his friends or close members of his family, either in spoken or written.

The researcher found eight data of English Colloquial in “Rush Hour 2”, i.e. 04/C.E/RH2, 24/C.E/RH2, 25/C.E/RH2, 26/C.E/RH2, 27/C.E/RH2, 28/C.E/RH2, 30/C.E/RH2 and 34/C.E/RH2.

Examples:

1) 30/C.E/RH2 The conversation bellow takes place in L.A, in the hotel room. The participants are Lee and Carter. Using binoculars, they are watching Isabella and Steven Reign’s movement from the opposite room hotel. Isabella is one of American agent who is under covering as Steven Reign’s woman. Steven Reign is Ricky Tan’s conspirator in running their illegal business, such as in money counterfeiting. Carter gives the binoculars to Lee then lays his body on the bad. Lee starts to work like spy.

Carter : What is she doing man?

Lee's eyes go wide as Isabella drops her coat and starts to unbutton her blouse.

Lee : She's just standing around -- not doing much. Carter : Just don't fall asleep. Sooner or later something's gonna

happen.

Lee

: I'll try to stay awake. It's so boring.

Isabella starts to remove her blouse.

Lee

: Slow down, baby. Carter : What did you say?

Lee

: Nothing. I said nothing. Carter : I heard you say something. Lee

: No no no…..nothing.

Lee starts to sweat as he watches her undress.

Carter : What’s going on, man?

Lee looks dazed.

Lee

: She's getting undressed. Carter : Gimme the binoculars. Lee

: No. It's not right. Carter : Gimme the binoculars or I will shoot you.

From the dialogue above can be seen that Carter employs several colloquial style, such as gonna and gimme.

2) 33/C.E/RH2 This datum consists of two participants, namely Lee and Carter. They wear dark sunglasses, walk through the street and try their best to look like Secret Service Agents.

Carter : Secret Service Agent Carter. This is my calling, Lee.

Gimme six months and I'll be in Washington protecting

a white guy.

Lee : We both know you would never take a bullet for

someone else.

Carter : They don't know that. What are they gonna do, try and shoot the President during the interview? I'll bet Isabella can pull some strings. You saw the way she was staring at me.

Lee

: She never even looked at you. Carter : You're just jealous 'cos the girl picked me. I'm tall, dark and handsome, you're third world ugly. Lee

: I am not third world ugly. Women like me, they think

I'm cute. Like Snoopy.

Carter : Snoopy is about six inches taller than you. I'm sorry,

Lee, you never had a chance.

The setting is on the street. They are talking about their new status as Secret Service Agents for America. Carter, in the dialogue above chooses English in colloquial style. It can be identified from the words gimme, gonna, and ‘cos.

c) Black English One of the main characters in the movie entitled “Rush Hour 2” is Black American, names Carter who acts as American Detective. In

this movie, Carter is Lee’s friend and they will work together to solve Ricky Tan’s case about bombing and counterfeiting. Since Carter is Black American, so Black English is a code that is often used in this movie. The researcher found fourteen data of Black English. These are:

01/B.E/RH2, 07/B.E/RH2, 08/B.E/RH2, 09/B.E/RH2, 13/B.E/RH2, 15/B.E/RH2, 17/B.E/RH2, 21/B.E/RH2, 22/B.E/RH2, 23/B.E/RH2, 29/B.E/RH2, 31/B.E/RH2, 35/B.E/RH2,and36/B.E/RH2.

All data above based on Sarah’s identification. (Sarah. 2009. English Department Native Teacher. Sebelas Maret University)

Examples:

1) 01/B.E/RH2 The datum involves the conversation between Lee and

Carter. Carter is Lee’s Black American friend. Later, Lee and Carter are two American agents who succeed in uncovering Ricky Tan’s case about bombing, smuggling, and counterfeiting of money. Carter is on vacation with Lee in Hong Kong. Lee and Carter are on driving and singing a song. Suddenly, there are two Chinese girls drive beside them. Carter opens his Chinese dictionary and starts to tempt the girls in Chinese. Those Chinese girls, however, laugh for him and drive off. Looking Lee sings and does not care with him, Carter is annoyed and takes the CD off.

The conversation below talks about the Chinese girls who drive off and ignore Carter. Woman is very interesting subject for Carter. Carter feels fail to approach those Chinese girls. He asks to Lee why the girls were laugh for him and drove off. Calmly, Lee answers and gives statement that the girls drove off because Carter delivered different meaning.

Lee and Carter are singing a song

Carter : This one is good Lee : I love this part

The passenger window rolls down. Carter is holding a Chinese- English dictionary, leaning out the window and looking to two girls in a convertible.

Carter : Hey lady, what are you doin’? Wait a minute. Carter : Deng wa lu yun cai-shen wu……….do masa do me.

Carter : Hey……lady where will you go? Let’s go to Susy.

Hey….hey cuty.

The horrified girls speed off. Carter turns to Lee who is driving and singing.

Lee : (singing)

…..wish they all could be California... Wish they all could be California girls...

Carter ejects the Beach Boys CD from the stereo and tosses it out of the sunroof.

Lee : That was my CD. Don't you ever touch a Chinese man's CD.! Carter : Did you see the way those girls drove off? I did you a

favor. Lee : Those girls drove off because of you. Carter : All I did was invite them for a drink. Lee : You invited them to get naked and sacrifice, so they go. Carter : Which way we go? Lee : You owe me a copy of the Beach Boys Greatest Hits. Carter : Don't be giving me attitude, Lee.

I've been here three days and we haven't done work a case. Now, my reason here is my uncle said that you’ll

help me spend the time. I'm on vacation, man and I want

some Bu-shu.

According to Trudgill (Black English Vernacular) BEV is the name used by American sociolinguists to refer to the dialect of English spoken, with relatively little regional variation, by lower- class Black in the United States. In its phonological and especially

grammatical characteristics, such as copula deletion, this variety differs from Standard English (1992:14).

Carter in the dialogue above employs Black English. It can

be seen from the bold sentences, such as Hey lady…., Which way we go?, Don't be giving me attitude, Lee , and ….we haven't done work a case .

2) 31/B.E/RH2 This datum takes place in the Red Dragon Casino lounge, Los Angeles. There are two participants, namely Carter and Lee. They run off from Hu Li through underground aqueduct pipe. Hu Li is the Chinese girl who helps Ricky Tan. Lee and Carter coming up from the manhole while standing together in stunned disbelief as they look out at the Las Vegas Strip. They cover their eyes, blinded by the greatest light show in the world. Fire balls blow out over the strip as Lee and Carter look up at the Red Dragon Hotel and Casino. They enter the casino and unfortunately, met Steven Reign who is making speech in his Grand Opening. In lounge, Lee is surprised by Isabella who grabs Lee and pulls him onto the dance floor. Isabella says that she needs a help since Ricky Tan is suspicious to her. Seeing Carter walks up, Isabella goes away.

Carter walks up and sees Lee is standing alone on the dance floor.

Carter : (Grimacing)

Lee, what the hell are you doing?

Lee

: Dancing? Carter : Dancing? I'm out here trying to strong arm Steven Reign, putting my life on the line, and you're up here dancing with some bimbo. Did she have a friend?

Lee : It was Isabella. She said the plates are in the soft count

room.

Carter : Isabella? Are you crazy, man? She almost got us killed.

She's setting you up again!

Lee

: No. I'm going to find out. Carter : Wait a second. There's guards all over the place. You'll

need a distraction.

The dialogue above identifies that Carter uses Black English. It can be seen from the Carter’s statement “There's guards all over the place” that shows the characteristic of Black English.

2. Chinese

Chinese is one of codes used by main characters in “Rush Hour 2”. It is because the movie takes one of settings in Hong Kong and some of the characters are Chinese. Chinese used in this movie is Chinese Hanyu

(Hanyu Sa). Chinese Hanyu is used in formal situation, like Indonesian language used in Indonesia (Putri, 2007). There are four data containing Chinese in this movie, namely 05/Ch/RH2, 10/Ch/RH2, 16/Ch/RH2, and 19/Ch/RH2.

Examples:

1) 16/Ch/RH2 This datum takes place in the massage parlor in Hong Kong. There are two participants, i.e. Lee and Ricky Tan. Lee goes to the massage parlor to investigate Ricky Tan in secrecy. He wants to know the further information about a bombing case. Unfortunately, Tan knows the existence of Lee and addresses Lee politely.

Ricky Tan

: Lee, wei, pengyou, ni hao ma?

[Hi, Lee, my friend, how are you] (Getting up, giving Lee a hug)

Lee

: Wo xu yao gen ni jiang hua.

[I need to talk to you]

Ricky Tan

: Shenme shir?

[What about]

Lee

: Liang shou hai de mai guo ren.

[The two Americans that were killed]

Gen wo qu jing cha ji.

[Come to the police station]

Ricky Tan

: Jing cha ji?

[Police station]

The dialogue above shows that Lee and Ricky Tan choose Chinese code in their utterances since they have similar background as Chinese people.

2) 19/Ch/RH2 The conversation below takes place in Hong Kong. It is a phone dialogue between Lee and Superintendent Chin. Superintendent Chin is Lee’s head in Hong Kong Police. They are handling a bombing case in American Embassy that kills two Americans and the suspected is Ricky Tan. Lee is on driving while moving his head to the rap music slowly. Superintendent Chin calls to inform Lee about the Ricky Tan’s existence.

Lee

: Wei…! [Hallo…!]

Superintendent Chin : Wo men gang ting shuo Ricky Tan jin wan

yao qu ta de you ting yan hui.

[We just heard Ricky Tan is throwing a party on his boat tonight]

Lee : Ni dui Sterling shuo ma?

[Did you tell Sterling?]

Superintendent Chin : Rang ta zi ji zhi dao. [Let him find out on his own]

Wo yao xiang gang de jing cha lai ban zhe jian shi.

[I want the Hong Kong police handling this]

Both Lee and Superintendent Chin choose Chinese Hanyu (Hanyu Sa) in making conversation. The bold type shows that they are speaking in Chinese. The reason is the participants have the similar background as Chinese.

3. Switching between Codes

Some of characters in the movie entitled “Rush Hour 2” are able to speak more than one language, such as the main characters. Therefore, they may switch from one language to another language. The researcher found five data of switching code in this movie. These are: 02/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch), 06/Sw/RH2 (Ch-Eng), 11/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch), 32/Sw/RH2 (Eng- Ch), and 33/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch). Those data consist of two switching code, namely Switching from English into Chinese and Switching from Chinese into English.

a) Switching from English into Chinese There four data identifying that the two main participants in “Rush Hour 2” switch codes from English into Chinese, namely 02/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch), 11/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch), 32/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch), and 33/Sw/RH2 (Eng-Ch).

Example:

02/Sw/RH2 (English – Chinese)

This datum has two participants, namely Carter and two unknown Chinese girls. Carter is on driving at night in Hong Kong with his friend, Lee. There is a car with two Chinese girls in it. That car is driving at the left side of Lee’s car. Seeing the Chinese girls, Carter opens a Chinese dictionary book and starts to seduce by inviting them for drink using Chinese.

Carter : Hey lady, what are you doin’? Wait a minute.

(Open Chinese dictionary)

Carter : Deng wa lu yun cai-shen wu……….do masa do me. [Let’s get naked and……do it with me]

From the dialogue above shows that Carter switch from Black English into Chinese. It can be seen when Carter speaks to unknown Chinese girls who never meets before. Use of Black English is marked by addressing Hey lady to the Chinese girls. Then he switches into Chinese Deng wa lu yun cai-shen wu……….do masa do me [Let’s get naked and……do it with me]

Carter switches into Chinese to invite the Chinese girls who just he met. He wants to respect their ethnicity as Chinese by switching into Chinese code. Instead, Carter has hurt them because he transfers different message, as the result the Chinese girls drive off. Conditional

changing from informal to formal shows that this switching includes metaphorical switching since there is no new participants.

b) Switching from Chinese into English There is only one datum shows that the participant switches

from Chinese into English, namely 06/Sw/RH2 (Chinese – English).

Example:

06/Sw/RH2 (Chinese – English)

This datum consists of three participants, namely Lee, Superintendent Chin, and Carter. The conversation takes place in Hong Kong. Lee is on driving with Carter to enjoy their vacation. They are singing a song and having a joke. Then, Lee has a call from Superintendent Chin to give some information about bombing case in American Embassy. Carter looks at Lee seriously and opens the Chinese dictionary to translate what Lee’s talking about. Carter knows that Lee will take a case so immediately he warns to Lee to not take the case in their vacation. Lee decides to lie and says to Carter that his superintendent invites them in a big party.

Lee

: Wei….! [Hallo….!]

Superintendent Chin : Lee, zai mei guo das hi guan you zha dan.

[There was a bombing at American Embassy] Liang ge mei guo fan yi yuan shou hai. [Two American translators were killed.]

Lee

: You qi ta bao gao?

[Any leads]

Superintendent Chin : Wo men ren wei na shi Ricky Tan.

[We think it’s Ricky Tan] Ta he qi ta zai zhe ye zong hui de hei dang cheng yuan. [His entire of gang Triads is at the club tonight]

Ru guo ni bu yao jing shou zhe ge an jian wo neng gou li jie. [If you don’t want to take the case, I’ll understand]

Lee

: Pu mei kuan si.

[No, it’s okay.]

Lee hangs up the cell phone

Carter : What was that? Did you just pick up a case? Did we just take another damn case on my

vacation?

Lee smiles at Carter

Lee : Of course not. My Superintendent invited us to a club tonight. Big party tonight.

Lee uses different code in the dialogue above. He speaks in Chinese Hanyu to Superintendent Chin and switches in Colloquial English when speaks to Carter. The underline word Big party tonight shows that Lee switches into Colloquial English. Lee, immediately, switches Chinese to colloquial English since there is another participant, i.e. Carter. This switching is called situational switching.

4. Mixing between Codes

It is possible for the main characters in “Rush Hour 2” to mix different codes they use. There are four data contain of mixing code (English and Chinese), i.e. 03/Mx/RH2, 12/Mx/RH2, 14/Mx/RH2, and 37/Mx/RH2.

Examples:

1) 03/Mx/RH2 (English & Chinese)

There are two participants in this datum, i.e. Lee and Carter. The conversation below takes place in Hong Kong, on driving. Firstly, Carter is angry because Lee does not care to him and the result is Carter takes Lee’s CD off and throws it away. Lee and Carter are opposite partner. They have different point of view in their live. Lee always focuses on his job while Carter wants to have a good time in his life. In Carter’s thought only woman. Carter is on vacation in Hong Kong with Lee and he asks Lee to bring him to somewhere that many women on there.

Carter : Which way we go? Lee : You owe me a copy of the Beach Boys Greatest Hits. Carter : Don't be giving me attitude, Lee! I've been here three days

and we haven't done work a case. Now, my reason here is my uncle said that you’ll help me spend the time. I'm on vacation, man and I want some Mu-shu.

Lee : (Confussing) Bu-shu? You're hungry? Carter : (Smiling and joking) Not Bu-shu. Mu-shu. I want to see some women. Now stop playing dumb and show me the shu!

The dialogue above shows that the participants mix codes (English and Chinese). The mixing codes emerge misunderstanding on what carter says. Carter inserts Chinese word to mention woman.

Because Carter is Black American, so he cannot pronounce the Chinese word well. At first Carter says “woman” in Chinese with “Mu-shu”, but Lee catch it as “Bu-shu”. Between Mu-shu and Bu-shu is very different meaning. Mu-shu means woman and Bu-shu means kind of food in Chinese. As the result, they do not understand one another.

2) 12/Mx/RH2 (Chinese & English) There is a participant named Carter in this datum. The dialogue below occurs in the Raven club in Hong Kong. Carter is surprised when he knows that he is deceived by her friend Lee. At first Lee says that he will go to a big party with Lee, but actually Lee wants to get information about the existence of Ricky Tan relates to American embassy bombing. Knowing the fact, Carter is disappointed and angry at Lee. He gets on the stage and speaks to everybody in the club.

Carter : Okey, listen up! Mei ge ren lai ba, wo men quan bu du shu jian wo men rang peng you hai xiu, right now! [ Let’s pick up the summer and see me your bottom, right

now]

From the dialogue above can be seen that Carter mixes Chinese and English in his utterance. He chooses Chinese since the hearer are Chinese people but he switch to English by saying right now.

b. The Social Meanings in Choosing the Codes

In interpreting the social meaning of each choice of codes, Janet Holmes (1992: 49) states that the social interaction between many different people in different social context makes people use certain codes. In other words, every code choice conveys its own social meanings.

In this sub chapter, the researcher will describe the relationship between code choices employed by the two main characters in “Rush Hour 2” and its social meanings.

1. English

a) Formal English There is only one social meaning found relates to the choice of Formal English in “Rush Hour 2” used by the main characters, i.e. showing respect.

There are two data of showing respect, i.e. 18/F.E/RH2 and 20/F.E/RH2.

The example was taken from datum 18/F.E/RH2.

Lee

: Good afternoon, Sir!

Superintendent Chin : Lee….. Lee

: Yes, Sir!

Superintendent Chin : This is Special Agent Sterling from the

United States Secret Service.

There are three participants, namely Superintendent Chin, Lee and Agent Sterling. All of participants use English in the dialogue above even though they are in Hong Kong. This datum shows that participant is the factor influencing the code choices. It is proved by the existence of third participant, i.e. Agent Sterling (White American), therefore they choose English. The conversation takes place in the Superintendent Chin’s office in Hong Kong Police., so the participants are in formal situation. Lee uses formal style of English. It is proven in greeting and addressing Good Afternoon, Sir!. This formal style shows that he wants to give respect to Superintendent Chin who has higher position.

b) Colloquial English The researcher found three social meanings which are interpreted in Colloquial code used by the main characters in “Rush Hour 2”, namely: showing intimacy, disrespect and to avoid misunderstanding in delivering the speech.

1) Showing Intimacy

There are seven data showing intimacy, i.e. 04/C.E/RH2, 24/C.E/RH2, 26/C.E/RH2, 27/C.E/RH2, 28/C.E/RH2, 30/C.E/RH2 and 34/C.E/RH2.

The example was taken from datum 27/C.E/RH2

Carter : Secret Service Agent Carter. This is my calling, Lee. Gimme six months and I'll be in Washington protecting

a white guy.

Lee : We both know you would never take a bullet for

someone else. Carter : They don't know that. What are they gonna do, try and shoot the President during the interview? I'll bet Isabella can pull some strings. You saw the way she was staring at me.

Lee : She never even looked at you. Carter : You're just jealous 'cos the girl picked me. I'm tall, dark

and handsome, you're third world ugly. Lee : I am not third world ugly. Women like me, they think

I'm cute. Like Snoopy. Carter : Snoopy is about six inches taller than you. I'm sorry,

Lee, you never had a chance.

The setting of this datum is on the street. It consists of two participants, namely Lee and Carter. They are talking about their

new status as Secret Service Agents for America. They are partner now.

From the dialogue above determines that Carter speaks to Lee in colloquial style. It can be seen from the words gimme, gonna , and ‘coz. He chooses Colloquial English to show that between Carter and Lee has intimate relation as friend.

2) Avoid Misunderstanding Datum 25/C.E/RH2 identifies that the participants choose Colloquial English to avoid misunderstanding in delivering the message.

Isabella : Friends. No bomb, nothing. Now stay away before

I throw you both in jail for obstruction. Carter

: Throw us in jail? I'm about to bust you right now. Isabella

: I'm an undercover agent for the United States Secret

Service.

Carter : How do we know you're not lying? Let me see your

badge.

There are two participants in this datum, i.e. Carter and Isabella. The conversation takes place in L.A, in the Reign Hotel. Lee and Carter think that a package which Isabella accepted is a

bomb. They try to grab the package from Isabella and bring it outside. While they are panic, Isabella approaches them and stops it angrily. She takes, opens, and shows her package in which content of much money. She also talks to them about her undercover.

All the participants in the dialogue above use Colloquial English in their utterances. It can be seen from Isabella’s addressee by calling friends to Carter and the slang word bust (hit). In choosing Colloquial English, it is influenced by the attendance of

3 rd participant, a White American, Isabella. Isabella chooses colloquial English code in her utterances to avoid

misunderstanding because the outcome of the dialogue above is misunderstanding in guessing the package is bomb. Therefore, Isabella tries to explain and prove that her package is not bomb by using English.

c) Black English Use Black English in “Rush Hour 2” identifies three social meanings, they are: showing intimacy, anger, and surprise.

1) Showing Intimacy There are nine data determining the main character chooses Black English to show intimacy, i.e. 01/B.E/RH2, 07/B.E/RH2,

09/B.E/RH2,

15/B.E/RH2, 23/B.E/RH2, 29/B.E/RH2, 35/B.E/RH2, and 36/B.E/RH2.

13/B.E/RH2,

The following example was taken from datum 35/B.E/RH2

Ricky Tan

: He never begged for his life.

Carter

: Put the gun down, Lee!!

Ricky Tan : Or tried to make a deal. All that he asked me, just seconds before I pulled the trigger, was that I promise not to kill you.

(Laughing) Ohhh…. It’s so tragic!

Carter : He don’t know, he don’t know too far, shoot him

right now! Shoot his head!

The conversation below takes place in the penthouse suite of Red Dragon Casino, L.A. There are three participants, namely: Ricky Tan, Lee and Carter. Lee is pushing Ricky Tan against the wall and threatening Tan’s head with the gun. The tension rises when Tan is trying to evoke Lee’s emotion by telling about his father. Seeing Tan’s action, Carter speaks up and commands Lee to shoot Ricky Tan immediately.

The dialogue above shows that Carter uses Black English. It can be seen from the utterance “He don’t know, he don’t know

too far, shoot him right now”. This is influenced by the setting,

i.e. where the conversation takes place and how the psychological condition of the speech. It has been mentioned in the previous that the conversation above takes place in the penthouse suite of Red Dragon Casino, L.A. on the other hand, they are in informal situation, when emotion and tension be one.

Carter’s utterance in Black English refers to a command. He commands to Lee to shoot Tan’s head uses Black English. It occurs since the setting is in high tension which pressures Carter to command Lee uses his mother tongue, i.e. Black English since Carter is a Black American. This command shows that Carter has intimate relation with Lee, as a friend.

2) Showing Anger There are four data of showing anger in choosing Black English, namely: 08/B.E/RH2, 17/B.E/RH2, 22/B.E/RH2, and 25/B.E/RH2,

The example was taken from datum 22/B.E/RH2

Lee : Carter, you don’t understand. Carter : I understand, all right….

I got nothing, I fired, I naked on the street, and you didn’t join in me, man. I’ll get off from here. Lee : Carter, Ricky Tan framed my father.

Carter : What…?

The datum is a conversation between Lee and Carter. Carter in the dialogue above uses Black English. The conversation above takes place on driving, at night. It identifies that they are in informal situation. The bold words or sentences show that Carter employs Black English in his utterances. He says “I got nothing, I fired, I naked on the street……” Carter chooses this code to express his feeling, such as disappointment by saying “I got nothing, I fired, I naked on the street……” because Lee does not tell the fact to Carter that there is a relation between Ricky Tan’s case and Lee’s father death. On the other words, Carter uses Black English to interpret a social meaning, namely showing anger.

3) Showing Surprise There is only one datum showing surprise, i.e. 31/B.E/RH2.

Carter : Wait a second. There's guards all over the place. You'll

need a distraction.

Carter looks around the casino

Carter : I'll go to the craps table, make a big scene. When security comes over, you make your move. Lee

: Try to keep them busy for five minutes. Carter : I'll give it my best shot.

This datum takes place in the Red Dragon Casino lounge, Los Angeles. There are two participants, namely Carter and Lee. They are surprised since there are many guards in the lounge. They make a plan to get information about it.

In the dialogue above identifies that Carter uses Black English. It can be seen from the Carter’s statement “There's guards all over the place” which shows the characteristic of Black English. Carter says in Black English since he is surprised that there are guards all over the casino. Therefore, the social meaning revealed is to show surprise.

2. Chinese

There are three social meanings of choosing Chinese in “Rush Hour 2”, namely: showing respect, showing solidarity and to avoid misunderstanding.

1) Showing Respect

The researcher found two data determining a social meaning of showing respect in “Rush Hour 2”. They are 05/Ch/RH2 and 19/Ch/RH2.

The example was taken from datum 19/Ch/RH2.

Lee

: Wei…! [Hallo…!]

Superintendent Chin : Wo men gang ting shuo Ricky Tan jin wan

yao qu ta de you ting yan hui.

[We just heard Ricky Tan is throwing a party on his boat tonight]

Lee : Ni dui Sterling shuo ma?

[Did you tell Sterling?]

Superintendent Chin : Rang ta zi ji zhi dao. [Let him find out on his own]

Wo yao xiang gang de jing cha lai ban zhe jian shi.

[I want the Hong Kong police handling this]

The conversation above takes place in Hong Kong. It is a phone dialogue between Lee and Superintendent Chin. Both Lee and Superintendent Chin choose Chinese Hanyu (Hanyu Sa) in making conversation since logically the participants have the similar background as Chinese. Even though the way they deliver the message by phone, it does not mean they are in informal situation. They are in

formal situation since they are talking about an important case of Ricky Tan. Besides that, Lee chooses Chinese Hanyu code to show his respect since the relation between Lee and Superintendent Chin is employee and employer. Superintendent Chin has higher position than Lee.

2) Showing solidarity The researcher found one datum determines that the main character chooses Chinese to show solidarity, i.e. 16/Ch/RH2.

Ricky Tan : Lee, wei, pengyou, ni hao ma?

[Hi, Lee, my friend, how are you] (Getting up, giving Lee a hug)

Lee

: Wo xu yao gen ni jiang hua.

[I need to talk to you]

Ricky Tan : Shenme shir?

[What about]

Lee

: Liang shou hai de mai guo ren.

[The two Americans that were killed]

Gen wo qu jing cha ji.

[Come to the police station]

Ricky Tan : Jing cha ji?

[Police station]

There are two participants, namely Ricky Tan and Lee. Ricky Tan is surprised to see Lee in the quiet room massage parlor with Carter. Ricky starts to address Lee in Chinese since they have similar background as Chinese. Both of them choose Chinese code to show their solidarity. It is described from Tan’s non verbal expression by giving Lee a huge as the Chinese manner in greeting.

3) Avoid Misunderstanding There is one datum showing of avoid misunderstanding, i.e. 10/Ch/RH2.

Carter : Okay, all the Triads and ugly women go to that side, all fine

ass women on this side. Translate this!

Lee : Ta yao, nan de quan bu zai you bian, nu de zai zuo bian. [He wants the men on the right and the women on the left] Nobody moves. Carter fires two more shots in the ceiling. Carter : Let's tries this again. Who here knows Ricky Tan, raise your hand. Translate this again!

Lee

: Yuan liang, yin wei wo pengyou zheng zai da zui.

[I apologize, my friend is very drunk]

The conversation above takes place in the Raven Club, Hong Kong. It consists of two participants, namely Carter and Lee. Carter is angry at Lee since Lee has lied about the party. In fact, Lee invites Carter to a mission of undercover to get some information about the existence of Ricky Tan who guesses as the suspect of an American embassy bombing. Being annoyed, Carter decides to get on the stage and gives command to everybody in the club who mostly are Chinese people. Carter speaks in Chinese in order to the hearer can catch easily. Instead, the fact is they laugh at Carter since he delivers different meaning. Finally, he asks Lee to translate his utterances.

Therefore, it can be identifies that Lee chooses Chinese code to avoid misunderstanding by translating Carter’s speeches into Chinese.

3. Switching between Codes

The main characters in “Rush Hour 2” switch codes to show certain reasons. There are two causes found, namely to emphasize the message and avoid misunderstanding.

1) Emphasize the Message The researcher found one datum that signifies of emphasizing the message, i.e. 33/Sw/RH2.

Ricky Tan : (Talking to Lee and insulting again)

The trouble partner so they will die.

(Moving the eyebrow up) Ye xiang ni yi yang .

[As will you]

This datum takes place in the monitor room, Red Dragon Casino, L.A. This setting interprets that the participant is in informal situation. In addition, the Ricky Tan’s expressions, such as insulting at Lee and moving his eyebrow up show that the dialogue above is informal situation. Therefore, Ricky Tan choose colloquial English before he switch into Chinese.

Ricky Tan switches the codes from Colloquial English into Chinese when he is speaking to Lee. Tan speaks to Lee uses colloquial English to give illustration about a good partner. While, he mixes with Chinese to threaten at Lee by using non verbal expression, such as moving his eyebrow up . This mixing code occurs because Tan wants to emphasize the message by his satire utterances in Chinese.

2) Avoid Misunderstanding Another reason found in switching codes is to avoid misunderstanding. There are four data of it, they are: 02/Sw/RH2, 06/Sw/RH2, 11/Sw/RH2, and 32/Sw/RH2.

The example was taken from datum 06/Sw/RH2.

Lee

: Wei….! [Hallo….!]

Superintendent Chin : Lee, zai mei guo das hi guan you zha dan.

[There was a bombing at American Embassy] Liang ge mei guo fan yi yuan shou hai. [Two American translators were killed.]

Lee

: You qi ta bao gao?

[Any leads]

Superintendent Chin : Wo men ren wei na shi Ricky Tan.

[We think it’s Ricky Tan] Ta he qi ta zai zhe ye zong hui de hei dang cheng yuan. [His entire of gang Triads is at the club tonight] Ru guo ni bu yao jing shou zhe ge an jian wo neng gou li jie.

[If you don’t want to take the case, I’ll understand]

Lee

: Pu mei kuan si.

[No, it’s okay.]

Lee hangs up the cell phone

Carter : What was that? Did you just pick up a case? Did we just take another damn case on my

vacation?

Lee : Of course not. My Superintendent invited us to a club tonight. Big party tonight.

This datum consists of three participants, namely Lee, Superintendent Chin, and Carter. The conversation takes place in Hong Kong. Lee uses different code in the dialogue above. He speaks in Chinese Hanyu to Superintendent Chin and switches in colloquial English when speaks to Carter. It can be seen in Lee’s utterance Big party tonight to determine that he uses colloquial English. This switch code identifies that Lee wants to avoid misunderstanding when he is speaking to Carter. It is because Carter does not understand what Lee is talking about with Superintendent Chin. He asks to Lee by saying “What was that?”

4. Mixing between Codes

There are three reasons relate to the choice of mixing codes in “Rush Hour 2” used by the main characters, i.e. showing joke, incompetence, and to emphasize the message.

1) Showing Joke In showing joke, the researcher found three data, namely 03/Mx/RH2, 14/Mx/RH2, and 37/Mx/RH2.

The following example was taken from datum 03/Mx/RH2.

Carter : Which way we go? Lee : You owe me a copy of the Beach Boys Greatest Hits. Carter : Don't be giving me attitude, Lee! I've been here three days

and we haven't done work a case. Now, my reason here is my uncle said that you’ll help me spend the time. I'm on vacation, man and I want some Mu-shu.

Lee : (Confussing) Bu-shu? You're hungry? Carter : (Smiling and joking) Not Bu-shu. Mu-shu. I want to see some women. Now stop playing dumb and show me the shu!

The conversation above consists of two participants, i.e. Lee and Carter and takes place in Hong Kong. Carter mixes codes (English and Chinese) when he is talking to Lee. The mixing codes emerge misunderstanding on what carter says. Carter inserts Chinese word to mention woman. Because Carter is Black American, so he cannot pronounce the Chinese word well. At first Carter says “woman” in Chinese with “Mu-shu”, but Lee catch it as “Bu-shu”. Between Mu-

shu and Bu-shu is very different meaning. Mu-shu means woman and Bu-shu means kind of food in Chinese. As the result, they do not understand one another. Carter mentions Chinese word to make a joke. It can be seen from the Carter’s non verbal expression in his mixing;

he is smiling and joking.

2) Showing Incompetence There is only one datum identifying of showing incompetence, namely 12/Mx/RH2.

Carter : (to Chinese people) Okey, listen up! Mei ge ren lai ba, wo men quan bu du shu jian wo men

rang peng you hai xiu, right now !

The dialogue above shows that Carter mixes Chinese and English code in his utterance when he is talking to Chinese people in the club. It is because he is not able to continue his utterance in Chinese so he mixes in English by putting right now. This case shows that Carter mixes code since he is incompetence to speak in Chinese.