Y. Richard Liew

J.Y. Richard Liew

National University of Singapore

46 Mechanics of Materials Austin D.E. Pan and Egor P. Popov Introduction • Stress • Strain • Generalized Hooke’s Law • Torsion • Bending • Shear Stresses in Beams • Transformation of Stress and Strain • Stability of Equilibrium: Columns

47 Theory and Analysis of Structures J.Y. Richard Liew and N.E. Shanmugam

Fundamental Principles • Beams • Trusses • Frames • Plates • Shells • Influence Lines • Energy Methods • Matrix Methods • Finite Element Method • Inelastic Analysis • Stability of Structures • Dynamic Analysis

48 Design of Steel Structures E.M. Lui Materials • Design Philosophy and Design Formats • Tension Members • Compression Members • Flexural Members • Combined Flexure and Axial Force • Biaxial Bending • Combined Bending, Torsion, and Axial Force • Frames • Plate Girders • Connections • Column Base Plates and Beam Bearing Plates • Composite Members • Plastic Design

49 Cold-Formed Steel Structures J. Rhodes and N.E. Shanmugam Introduction to Cold-Formed Steel Sections • Local Buckling of Plate Elements • Members Subject to Bending • Members Subject to Axial Load • Connections for Cold-Formed Steelwork • Sheeting and Decking • Storage Racking

50 Design of Concrete Structures Julio A. Ramirez Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel • Proportioning and Mixing Concrete • Flexural Design of Beams and One-Way Slabs • Columns under Bending and Axial Load • Shear and Torsion • Development of Reinforcement • Two-Way Systems • Frames • Brackets and Corbels • Footings • Walls

51 Composite Steel–Concrete Structures Brian Uy and J.Y. Richard Liew Introduction • Composite Construction Systems for Buildings • Material Properties • Design Philosophy • Composite Slabs • Simply Supported Beams • Continuous Beams • Composite Columns • Lateral Load Resisting Systems

52 Structural Reliability Ser-Tong Quek Introduction • Basic Probability Concepts • Assessment of Reliability • Systems Reliability • Reliability-Based Design

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

S understanding of the physical properties of engineering material, the development of methods of analysis,

tructural engineering is concerned with the application of structural theory, theoretical and applied mechanics, and optimization to the design, analysis, and evaluation of building structures, bridges, cable structures, and plate and shell structures. The science of structural engineering includes the

the study of the relative merits of various types of structures and method of fabrication and construction, and the evaluation of their safety, reliability, economy, and performance.

The study of structural engineering includes such typical topics as strength of materials, structural analysis in both classical and computational methods, structural design in both steel and concrete as well as wood and masonry, solid mechanics, and probabilistic methods. The types of structures involved in

a typical structural engineering work include bridges, buildings, offshore structures, containment vessels, reactor vessels, and dams. Research in structural engineering can include such topics as high-performance computing, computer graphics, computer-aided analysis and design, stress analysis, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, structural fatigue, structural mechanics, structural models and experimental methods, structural safety and reliability, and structural stability.

The scope of this section is indicated by the outline of the contents. It sets out initially to examine the basic properties and strength of materials and goes on to show how these properties affect the analysis and design process of these structures made of either steel or concrete. The topic of composite steel–con- crete structures was selected because it has become popular for tall building, offshore, and large-span construction. The final chapter deals with some of the mathematical techniques by which the safety and reliability issues of these structures so designed may be evaluated and their performance assessed.

Recent demands for improvements and upgrades of infrastructure, which includes, among other public facilities, the highway system and bridges, have increased the number of structural engineers employed by highway departments and consulting firms. Graduates with advanced degrees in structural engineering in the areas of experimental works, computing and information technology, computer-aided design and engineering, interactive graphics, and knowledge-based expert systems are in great demand by consulting firms, private industry, government and national laboratories, and educational institutions. The rapid advancement in computer hardware, particularly in the computing and graphics performance of personal computers and workstations, is making future structural engineering more and more oriented toward computer-aided engineering. Increased computational power will also make hitherto unrealized approaches feasible. For example, this will make the rigorous consideration of the life-cycle analysis and performance-based assessment of large structural systems feasible and practical. Advanced analysis and high-performance computing in structural engineering are now subjects of intense research interest. Good progress has been made, but much more remains to be done.

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

Mechanics of Materials

46.1 Introduction

46.2 Stress

Method of Sections • Definition of Stress • Stress Tensor • Differential Equations for Equilibrium • Stress Analysis of Axially Loaded Bars

46.3 Strain

Normal Strain • Stress–Strain Relationships • Hooke’s Law • Constitutive Relations • Deformation of Axially Loaded Bars • Poisson’s Ratio • Thermal Strain and Deformation • Saint- Venant’s Principle and Stress Concentrations • Elastic Strain Energy for Uniaxial Stress

46.4 Generalized Hooke’s Law

Stress–Strain Relationships for Shear • Elastic Strain Energy for Shear Stress • Mathematical Definition of Strain • Strain Tensor • Generalized Hooke’s Law for Isotropic Materials • E, G, and Relationship • Dilatation and Bulk Modulus

46.5 Torsion

Torsion of Circular Elastic Bars • Angle-of-Twist of Circular Members • Torsion of Solid Noncircular Members • Warpage of Thin-Walled Open Sections • Torsion of Thin-Walled Hollow Members

46.6 Bending

The Basic Kinematic Assumption • The Elastic Flexure Formula • Elastic Strain Energy in Pure Bending • Unsymmetric Bending and Bending with Axial Loads • Bending of Beams with Unsymmetric Cross Section • Area Moments of Inertia

46.7 Shear Stresses in Beams