Requirement reqproperty-exclusionproperty-name Requirements Class: WFS-TE Property Exclusion

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 39 10 Indicating Support for Temporality Extension To indicate the level of support for the Temporality Extension an OGC Web Service such as a WFS instance lists the supported Temporality Extension conformance classes in its Capabilities document. More precisely, it shall list the identifier of the supported Temporality Extension conformance classes as an ows:Profile value in the ServiceIdentification section of the Capabilities document – see following example. Listing 1: WFS Capabilities listing supported Temporality Extension conformance classes S WFS_Capabilities version U V W X Y X Y V xmlns U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ ` b c d e X b `Z ] f e ] W X Y V x i j b e\ c i j U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ ` b c d e X b `Z ] c i j ] k X W V x i j b e\ f ` e U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ `b c d e X b `Z ] f ` e ] W X Y V x i j b e\ x j d b l U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X k X _ m c ] n o o o ] x j d b l V x i j b e\ _ e U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ `b c d e X b `Z ] _ e ] n X n V x i j b e\ x e p U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X k X _ m c ] W Y Y n ] t q r s u h ` i v V x i j b e\ x e d U V h Z Z [ \ ] ] X kX _ m c ] W Y Y n ] t q r s u h ` i v w instance V y S _ e\ s ` m z d u ` { p ` bZ d f d u v Z d _ b y S _ e\ | dZ j ` y OGC Member WFS S ] _ e\ | dZ j ` y S _ e\ } ~ eZ m v u Z y Web Feature Service S ] _ e\ } ~ eZ m v u Z y S _ e\  ` € _ m p e y S _ e\  ` € _ m p y } z d v Z d _ b S ] _ e\  ` € _ m p y S ] _ e\  ` € _ m p e y S _ e\ s ` m z d u ` | €[ ` y WFS S ] _ e\ s ` m z d u ` | €[ ` y S _ e\ s ` m z d u ` | €[ `  ` m e d _ b y W X Y X Y S ] _ e\ s ` m z d u ` | €[ `  ` m e d _ b y S _ e\ ‚ m _ f d j ` y h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ ` b c d e X b `Z ] e[ ` u ] wfs w te ] n X Y ] u _ b f ] core S ] _ e\ ‚ m _ f d j ` y S _ e\ ‚ m _ f d j ` y h Z Z [ \ ] ] X _[ ` b c d e X b `Z ] e[ ` u ] f ` e w Z ` ] n X Y ] u _ b f ]Z d i ` w period w schedule w evaluation w filter S ] _ e\ ‚ m _ f d j ` y S _ e\ ƒ ` ` e y NONE S ] _ e\ ƒ ` ` e y S _ e\ } u u ` e e „ _ b eZ m v d bZ e y NONE S ] _ e\ } u u ` e e „ _ b eZ m v d bZ e y S ] _ e\ s ` m z d u ` { p ` bZ d f d u v Z d _ b y S ] … ƒ s † „ v [ v ~ d j dZ d ` e y Note that conformance classes that are implied via a direct or indirect dependency of listed conformance classes do not need to be listed in the Capabilities. For example, FES- TE-Core is not listed here because all of the other Temporality Extension conformance classes depend on it. In this example, the service supports the minimum set of Temporality Extension functionality as indicated by the “WFS-TE Core” conformance class. In addition the “FES-TE TimePeriodScheduleEvaluationForFilter” conformance class is supported. However, FES-TE PropertyExclusion is not supported. 11 Compatibility with Existing WFS 2.0 Based Systems The proposed extension is established as a new XML schema which inherits from the existing WFS and FES 2.0 XML Schema. Thus, the existing WFS 2.0 standard is preserved and support for dynamic feature queries is optional and depends upon the implementation of the Temporality Extension conformance classes. To enable existing, non-temporality aware WFS 2.0 clients to query AIXM 5 data in a basic way, a proxy WFS could be installed which sits in-between the client and the temporality-enabled WFS and translates incoming requests to a snapshot query parameterized with the current time. 40 Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 12 Alternative Approaches Introducing a new query type is not the only way to get the required functionality of a temporality-aware query interface. In the process of finding the best solution, several approaches were evaluated. In chapter 7 the existing WFS 2.0 standard was evaluated in how far it is matching the requirements. In this chapter we evaluate alternative approaches of extending the standard or utilizing other existing standards. For each approach advantages and disadvantages over the proposed dynamic feature query are discussed.

12.1 Web Processing Services

The Web Processing Service WPS is an OGC standard for processing geospatial data. A WPS provides client access across a network to pre-programmed calculations andor computation models that operate on spatially referenced data. Data inputs can be legitimate calls to OGC web services, such as WFS. It is possible to implement a WPS that meets all of the identified requirements. The general workflow is depicted in Figure 8. Advantages ฀ Works with the existing WFS and WPS standards. WPS WFS Client Contents: - URL of WFS including URL- encoded FES filter for filtering features - parameters for temporal query: FES filter for time slices, snapshot time, etc Contents: - standard WFS 2.0 query selecting features Contents: - one or more features with their full history of time slices Contents: - one or more features with the desired subset of time slices or generated SNAPSHOTs Figure 8 - WPSWFS Workflow for Temporal Queries Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 41 Disadvantages ฀ For each query, the full history of time slices of the selected features has to be transmitted between the WFS and the WPS. This is inefficient and will not be acceptable for productive, long-running systems. ฀ Still, though standard WFS and WPS are used, generic clients will not be able to make use of the temporal queries efficiently. In order to make use of and understand dynamic feature data clients still need to understand and support dynamic feature data, i.e. clients have to be temporality-aware. Summary The disadvantages clearly outweigh the advantages.

12.2 XQuery and XSLT

XQuery is a powerful query and functional language designed to query collections of XML data. XSLT is a transformation language designed for XML. Both are not OGC standards and do not define an interface for a web service. Hence, they cannot replace a WFS. However, the power of their query languages qualifies them for a possible extension of a WFS improving its filtering capabilities. For the sake of completeness we will briefly evaluate their application on AIXM 5 data. XQuery and XSLT have the power to express all required queries including the generation of SNAPSHOT time slices. However, ฀ There are no spatio-temporal operators available. The powerful FES filter operators would have to be redefined using custom XPath functions ฀ There is no feature model as they are based on pure XML. There is no abstraction of the temporality models used in AIXM 5 or GML DFM. The result is that even simple queries dealing with temporality aspects will require complex query expressions that are hard to build and read. 13 Future Work While this discussion paper was developed, some features where discussed that didn’t make it in the first version of the proposed extensions. This is because they were either considered too advanced and hard to implement, or pre-mature, meaning that practical experience with existing features is required first. Those features are outlined in the following sections.

13.1 Advanced Filtering: valueFor XPath function

A custom XPath function for evaluating a property at a given time would further enhance the power of dynamic feature queries. It could be used in fes:ValueReference elements