South Africa
South Africa
Tourism in the economy In 2008, almost 9.6 million foreign nationals visited South Africa, an increase of 5.5%
on 2007 and well above the global increase in international arrivals of 1.1% for that year. Thus tourism in South Africa has shown itself to be relatively resilient to the global economic crisis in that year.
The tourism industry has a substantial impact on the economy. Tourism directly contributed 3.0% of GDP in 2008 and 4.3% of total employment. In total, including direct and indirect effects, it is estimated that tourism contributed 7.4% of GDP in 2008 and around half a million jobs, or 7.6% of employment. In total, tourism generates some ZAR 73.2 billion to the economy.
Tourism organisation The newly formed Department of Tourism (“the Department”) aims to fulfil the
national government’s role towards creating the conditions for responsible tourism growth and development by promoting and developing tourism, thereby increasing job and entrepreneurial opportunities and encouraging the meaningful participation of previously disadvantaged individuals. Headed by the Minister of Tourism, the Department engages national tourism authorities and provinces on key issues affecting the development of tourism in South Africa (Figure 4.43).
Figure 4.43. South Africa: Organisational chart of tourism bodies
Ministry of Tourism
• South African Tourism
Department of Tourism
• South African Grading Council of South Africa
Office of the Chief
Branch Policy, Operating Officer
Branch Tourism
Branch Tourism
Research, Monitoring • Corporate
Development
Growth
and Evaluation • Communications
• Policy development and • Legal services • Business performance,
• Product and enterprise
• Consumer protection
development
and responsible tourism
• Social responsibility
implementation
• Capacity development
evaluation
strategic partnerships
• Research and knowledge and risk management
management Source: OECD, adapted from the Department of Tourism, 2009.
• Sector transformation
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
Tourism budget Tourism programmes are mainly funded from the national budget. The total budget of
the National Department of Tourism during 2007/08 financial year was ZAR 612.5 million and in 2008/09 was ZAR 690.8 million. Of 2008/09 total, ZAR 582.1 million was transferred to South African Tourism to assist with their marketing efforts. The Department also works in collaboration with non-profit institutions in implementing some of its programmes and projects; for example, ZAR 69 000 was allocated to the Business Trust to implement the SME support programme, ZAR 500 000 was transferred to the Federated Hospitality Association of Southern Africa to assist with the programme that promotes service awards within the hospitality sector, and ZAR 500 000 was transferred to the Tourism Business Council of South Africa to assist with the Hospitality Investment Conference in Africa. ZAR
2 million was transferred to the National Business Initiative (Career’s Expo). Tourism-related policies and programmes
The Department is in the process of reviewing the existing Tourism Act, and has developed a draft discussion paper. It is envisaged that new legislation will be enacted by the end of the coming financial year.
The Department is also working in collaboration with tourism stakeholders to champion the process of developing a five-year National Sector Strategy. A draft discussion document has been developed and it is expected that the process will be completed by 2010.
There are other strategy documents that have been developed; these include the following: ● National Tourism Safety and Awareness Strategy: The objective of the strategy is to
develop a joint (public-private partnership) approach to prevent and combat the incidence of violent crime aimed at tourist facilities and operations; it is also intended to ensure mutual support and co-operation between government and the tourism industry. This is hoped to be achieved by establishing and implementing appropriate governance structures and mechanisms which enhance the impact of the collective approach to crime in the industry and developing guidelines and collateral to support preventative programmes.
● Tourism Human Resource Development strategy: The strategy is intended to outline a structure of strategic interventions which could assist in rectifying the skills shortages
currently being experienced in the industry; also, the strategy is intended to put in place an organisational infrastructure and a set of associated projects that will lead to the sustained supply of high quality human resources to the sector. The strategy also outlines the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders.
● South African Tourism Planning Toolkit: The aim of the toolkit is to increase the involvement of local government authorities in tourism, by ensuring that they have a
better understanding of the importance of planning. The Toolkit can be used by local government in three distinct ways: ❖ to tackle specific issues that may arise associated with the development and
management of tourism;
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
❖ to develop a tourism strategy that is one of a series of plans that local government
must produce to assist in their strategic planning and ultimately in the funding of key projects; and
❖ to encourage co-ordination and co-operation between those engaged in tourism planning by identifying the processes and products required for effective planning. ● South African Tourism Satellite Account: The TSA in South Africa, drawn up to meet the framework adopted by the United Nations, assists in measuring the sector’s impact on
the national economy. The TSA findings indicate that tourism’s direct contribution to South Africa’s economy is as much as 3%, while tourism accounts for 4.3% of total employment.
● Review of the grading system: The purpose of the review is to ensure that the grading system contributes to the tourism growth strategy of the country by promoting service
standards in the accommodation and hospitality sector. The implementation of the strategy will be undertaken in phases, with complete implementation anticipated to have been achieved by April 2012.
● Professionalisation of tourist guiding in South Africa: The purpose is to promote the
standard of delivery in the tourist guiding sector so as improve tourism growth. Statistical profile
Table 4.252. South Africa: Inbound tourism – International arrivals and receipts
9 592 Top 5 markets Lesotho
Total international arrivals 1 Thousands
1 088 United Kingdom
1 227 International travel receipts
Billion ZAR
Sources: Department of Tourism and World Travel and Tourism Council Country Reports, 2009. 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/774082173236
Table 4.253. South Africa: Outbound tourism – International departures and expenditure
2008 Number of tourism trips
8 475 International travel expenditure
55 63 78 95 128 Sources: Department of Tourism and World Travel and Tourism Council Country Reports, 2009.
Billion ZAR
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/774100534043
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
Table 4.254. South Africa: Tourism in the national economy – Tourism consumption
2005
Units
Domestic tourism Inbound tourism
Tourism GDP
Units
Tourism share
of GDP Accommodation services
consumption
consumption
Percentage 0.89 Food and beverage serving services
Million ZAR
Percentage 0.36 Passenger transport services
Million ZAR
Percentage 0.49 Travel agency, tour operator and tourist
Million ZAR
guide services
Percentage 0.98 Cultural services
Million ZAR
Percentage 0.25 Recreation and other entertainment services
Million ZAR
54 90 144
Percentage 0.31 Other services
Million ZAR
Percentage 0.003 Goods
Million ZAR
Percentage 0.01 Total
Million ZAR
Percentage 3.0 Source: South Africa 2005 TSA Reports.
Million ZAR
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/774111176404
Table 4.255. South Africa: Other economic indicators
2007 2008 Travel and tourism consumption share of final
8.33 8.46 5.7 9.97 Tourism share of GDP
7.97 7.98 6.8 7.4 Tourism share of employment (direct and Indirect)
Percentage
..
6.78 7.02 7.21 7.31 7.64 Source: World Travel and Tourism Council Country Reports, 2009.
Employees
12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/774121064226
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
339
OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2010 © OECD 2010
ANNEX 4.A1
National Tourism Administration and Related Websites
Table 4.A1.1. Tourism administration and related websites by country
OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES
Australia
Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism
www.ret.gov.au
Australian Tourism Export Council
www.atec.net.au
Ecotourism Australia
www.ecotourism.org.au
Quality Tourism
www.qualitytourism.com.au
Tourism and Transport Forum
www.ttf.org.au
Tourism Australia
www.tourism.australia.com
Australian Bureau of Statistics
www.abs.gov.au
Austria
Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth
www.bmwfj.gv.at
Austrian National Tourist Office
www.austria.info
Austrian Federal Economic Chamber
www.wko.at
Statistics Austria
www.statistik.at
Belgium
Flemish Department of Foreign Affairs www.vlaanderen.be/internationaal Walloon Commissariat General au Tourisme
www.commissariat.tourisme.wallonie.be Flanders Tourist Office
www.visitflanders.com
Walloon Tourist Office
www.tourismewallonie.be
Statistics Belgium
www.statbel.fgov.be
Canada
Federal Ministry of Industry
www.ic.gc.ca
Canadian Tourism Commission corporate website
www.canadatourism.com
Canadian Tourism Commission public website
www.canada.travel
Statistics Canada
www.statcan.gc.ca
Czech Republic
Ministry for Regional Development
www.mmr.cz
Czech National Tourist Office
www.czechtourism.com
Czech Statistical Office
www.czso.cz
Denmark
Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs
www.oem.dk
Denmark National Tourist Office
www.visitdenmark.com
Statistics Denmark
www.dst.dk
Finland
Ministry of Employment and the Economy
www.tem.fi
Finnish Tourist Board
www.mek.fi
Finland National Tourist Office
www.visitfinland.com
Statistics Finland
www.stat.fi
Table 4.A1.1. Tourism administration and related websites by country (cont.)
OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES
France
Ministry of Economy, Industry and Employment
www.minefe.gouv.fr
France National Tourist Office
www.franceguide.com
Atout France, French Tourism Development Agency
www.odit–france.com
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies
www.insee.fr
Germany
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology
www.bmwi.de
Germany National Tourist Office
www.germany-tourism.de
Federal Statistical Office
www.destatis.de
Greece
Ministry of Tourism
www.mintour.gr
Organisation of Tourism Education and Training
www.otek.edu.gr
Tourism Development Company. www.tourism–development.gr Greece National Tourist Office
www.gnto.gr
General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece
www.statistics.gr
Hungary
Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development
www.meh.hu
Hungary National Tourist Office
www.hungary.com
Hungarian Central Statistical Office
www.ksh.hu
Iceland
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism
www.idnadarraduneyti.is
Iceland National Tourist Office
www.visiticeland.com
Statistics Iceland
www.statice.is
Ireland
Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism
www.dast.gov.ie
Irish Tourist Industry Confederation
www.itic.ie
National Tourism Development Authority
www.failteireland.ie
Ireland National Tourist Office
www.tourismireland.com
Central Statistics Office
www.cso.ie
Italy
Presidency of the Council of Ministers
www.governo.it
Italian Government Tourist Board
www.italiantourism.com
Italy National Tourist Office
www.enit.it
National Institute of Statistics
www.istat.it
Japan
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
www.mlit.go.jp
Japan National Tourism Office
www.jnto.go.jp
Statistics Bureau and Statistical Research and Training Institute
www.stat.go.jp
Korea
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
www.mcst.go.kr
Korea National Tourist Office
english.visitkorea.or.kr
Korea National Statistical Office
www.kostat.go.kr
Luxembourg
Ministry for the Middle Classes, Tourism and Housing
www.mdt.public.lu
Luxembourg National Tourist Office
www.ont.lu
Luxembourg Statistics Portal
www.statistiques.public.lu
Mexico
Ministry of Tourism
www.sectur.gob.mx
Mexico National Tourist Office
www.visitmexico.com
National System of Statistical and Geographical Information
www.inegi.org.mx
Netherlands
Ministry of Economic Affairs
www.ez.nl/toerisme
Holland Art Cities
www.hollandartcities.com
Netherlands National Tourist Office
www.holland.com
Statistics Netherlands
http://statline.cbs.nl
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
Table 4.A1.1. Tourism administration and related websites by country (cont.)
OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES
New Zealand
Ministry of Tourism
www.tourism.govt.nz
New Zealand National Tourist Office
www.newzealand.com
Statistics New Zealand
www.stats.govt.nz
Norway
Ministry of Trade and Industry
www.regjeringen.no
Norway National Tourist Office
www.visitnorway.com
Statistic Norway
www.ssb.no
Poland
Ministry of Sport and Tourism
www.msport.gov.pl
Institute of Tourism
www.intur.com.pl
Poland National Tourist Office
www.poland.travel/en
Central Statistical Office of Poland
www.stat.gov.pl
Portugal
Ministry of Economy and Innovation
www.min-economia.pt
Turismo De Portugal
www.turismodeportugal.pt
Portugal National Tourist Office
www.visitportugal.com
Statistics Portugal
www.ine.pt
Slovak Republic
Ministry of Economy
www.economy.gov.sk
Slovak Republic National Tourist Office
www.slovakiatourism.sk
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
www.statistics.sk
Spain
Ministry for Industry, Tourism and Trade
www.mityc.es
Turismo 2020
www.turismo2020.es
Spain National Tourist Office
www.spain.info
National Institute of Statistics
www.ine.es
Sweden
Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications
www.sweden.gov.se
Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
www.tillvaxtverket.se
Sweden National Tourist Office
www.visitsweden.com
Statistics Sweden
www.scb.se
Switzerland
State Secretariat for Economic Affairs
www.seco.admin.ch
Switzerland National Tourist Office
www.myswitzerland.com
Swiss Statistics
www.bfs.admin.ch
Turkey
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
www.kultur.gov.tr
Turkey National Tourist Office
www.tourismturkey.org
Turkish Statistical Institute
www.turkstat.gov.tr
United Kingdom
Department for Culture, Media and Sport
www.culture.gov.uk
United Kingdom National Tourist Office
www.visitbritain.com
Office for National Statistics
www.statistics.gov.uk
United States
Department of Commerce
www.commerce.gov
Office of Travel and Tourism Industries
www.tinet.ita.doc.gov
United States National Tourist Office
www.discoveramerica.com
Bureau of Economic Analysis
www.bea.gov
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
Table 4.A1.1. Tourism administration and related websites by country (cont.)
NON-OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES
Brazil
Ministry of Tourism
www.turismo.gov.br
Brazil National Tourist Office
www.embratur.gov.br
Network for Tourism Professionals
www.brasilnetwork.tur.br
Institute for Statistics and Geography
www.ibge.gov.br
Chile
Ministry of the Economy
www.economia.cl
Chile National Tourist Office
www.sernatur.cl
National Statistics Institute
www.ine.cl
China
China National Tourism Administration
www.cnta.gov.cn
China National Tourist Office
www.cnto.org
National Bureau of Statistics
www.stats.gov.cn
Egypt
Ministry of Tourism
www.touregypt.net
Egypt National Tourism Office
www.egypt.travel
Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics
www.capmas.gov.eg
Estonia
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
www.mkm.ee
Estonia National Tourist Office
www.visitestonia.com
Statistics Estonia
www.stat.ee
India
Ministry of Tourism
www.tourism.gov.in
Rural Tourism Website
www.exploreruralindia.org
India National Tourist Office
www.incredibleindia.org
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
mospi.nic.in
Indonesia
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
www.budpar.go.id
Indonesia National Tourist Office
www.my–indonesia.info
Statistics Indonesia
www.bps.go.id
Israel
Ministry of Tourism
www.gov.il
Israel National Tourist Office
www.goisrael.com
Central Bureau of Statistics
www1.cbs.gov.il
Romania
Ministry of SMEs, Trade, Tourism and Liberal Professions
www.mimmctpl.ro
Romania National Tourist Office
www.romaniatravel.com
National Institute of Statistics
www.insse.ro
Russian Federation
Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy
www.minstm.gov.ru
Russia National Tourist Office
www.russiatourism.ru
Federal State Statistics Service
www.fsgs.ru
Slovenia
Ministry of the Economy
www.mg.gov.si
Bank of Tourism Potentials
www.btps.si
Tourist Association of Slovenia
www.turisticna–zveza.si
Slovene Enterprise Fund (SEF)
www.podjetniskisklad.si
Public Agency for Entrepreneurship and Foreign Investments (JAPTI)
www.japti.si
Slovenia National Tourist Office
www.slovenia.info
Statistical Office
www.stat.si
South Africa
Department of Tourism
www.tourism.gov.za
Tourism Business Council of South Africa
www.tbcsa.travel
South Africa National Tourist Office
www.southafrica.net
Statistics South Africa
www.statssa.gov.za
OECD TOURISM TRENDS AND POLICIES 2010 © OECD 2010
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(85 2010 01 1 P) ISBN 978-92-64-07741-6 – No. 57103 2010
OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2010
The tourism sector, a vital driver of job creation and economic growth, is under pressure. Facing an increasingly competitive market, tourism in many OECD countries has started to lag, in both growth rate and productivity. This book defines the major trends and challenges facing tourism in the next decade – from globalisation to environmental issues. To address these challenges, the book then provides specific policy guidance and recommendations for making tourism more competitive and environmentally sustainable. Tourism data from 42 countries are presented and analysed including all OECD countries, and fast-growing tourism centres such as Brazil, Chile, China and India.
Further reading
The Impact of Culture on Tourism (2009) Tourism in OECD Countries 2008: Trends and Policies (2008) Innovation and Growth in Tourism (2006)
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