CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter discusses the research methodology applied in this study. It deals with the description of the type of the research and the research design being
adopted, the population and sample of the study, variables of the study, the research instrument and its analysis, data collecting and data analysis procedure.
3.1 Type of Research and Research Design 3.1.1 Type of Research
On the basis of the nature of the data being analyzed, scientific research is categorized into two, namely quantitative and qualitative researches. Quantitative
research is research carried out by collecting numerical data from sample drawn from a certain population. It, thus, finally attempts to generalize the research
findings to the whole population through statistical analysis. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is one which collects some type of non-numerical data to
answer a research question. It usually studies verbal data through intensive study of cases.
Regarding the nature of the study and the type of data being gathered, this study constitutes a quantitative research.
3.1.2 Research Design
Defining the research design in advance is the most essential part of conducting a research since the research design determines the statistical decision being made.
As the topic indicates, the primary aim of the study is to reveal the correlation
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between students’ achievement and past tense and their ability in writing recount. So this study seeks to identify the possible relationship between the two variables.
In other words, this study is a corelational research. According to Gall and Borg 2003:320, correlational research refers to
studies in which the purpose is to discover relationship between variables through the use of correlational statistics. They further explain that the basic design of
correlational research is very simple, involving nothing more than collecting data on two or more variables for each individual in a sample and computing a
correlational coefficient. Correlation coefficients usually represented by r are indices indicating
both the direction of the correlation either positive or negative and the strength or the degree of the relationship between variables. The calculation of the
correlation coefficient between a pair of scores results in a value that that ranges from -1.00 to +1.00. A correlation coefficient of -1.00 indicates a perfect negative
relationship, whereas a value of +1.00 implies a perfect positive relationship and the midpoint of this range zero, indicates that there is no relationship at all.
Concerning the above elaboration, the writer wants to assert here that this study is a correlational research. Thus, the main objective of this study is to
discover the relationship between the two intended variables, i.e. students’ achievement in past tense and students’ ability in writing recount. In addition, it
attempts to figure out how much the mastery of past tense affects their achievement in writing recount, and this is accomplished through regression
equation. From the regression equation, the determination index indicating the
percentage of the overlap between the two set of scores scores on past tense and writing recount can be obtained.
3.2 Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique
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