PELATIHAN PENGENALAN PEMODELAN SIMULASI LALU LINTAS DENGAN SOFTWARE VISSIM 8
WAKTU
ACARA
PERSIAPAN
08.00 – 08.20
PEMBUKAAN OLEH DEKAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UMY
(DIWAKILI SEKPRODI TEKNIK SIPIL FT UMY)
08.20 – 09.20
STATE-OF-THE-ART TRANSPORT MODELLING (Dr. NOOR MAHMUDAH, S.T., M.Eng.)
09.20 – 10.00
INTRODUCTION TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
10.00 – 12.00
TECHNICAL SESSION #1:
TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
12.00 – 13.00
ISTIRAHAT, SHOLAT, DAN MAKAN SIANG
13.00 – 16.00
TECHNICAL SESSION #2:
TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
1
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
Introduction
The Existing Transport Model
The Development of Methodology
Model Development
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
TRAFFIC
ACTIVITY
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
MOBILITY
SYSTEM
INTERACTION AMONG SYSTEMS IS DYNAMIC,
NON-STABLE, NON-STRUCTURED
3
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
EVERY SYSTEM HAS DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE OF TIME AND
RESOURCES:
TRAFFIC SYSTEM
MOBILITY SYSTEM
ACTIVITY SYSTEM
DIRECT, REACTIVE, VERY SHORT TERM,
LOCAL IMPACT
INDIRECT, REACTIVE/ANTICIPATIVE
LONG TERM, REGIONAL IMPACT
INDIRECT, ANTICIPATIVE, VERY
LONG TERM, REGIONAL/MACRO IMPACT
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
LAND USE MODEL
TRIP GENERATION
TRIP DISTRIBUTION
MODE CHOICE / MODE SPLIT
MODE CHOICE / MODE SPLIT
5
Land Use Model
Xip f ( Cip )
Trip Generation Model
Ti p f ( Cip )
Trip Distribution Model
Tijp f ( Cijp )
Modal Split Model
Tijpm f (Cijpm )
Network Assignment Model
Tijpmr f (Cijpmr )
TRANSPORTATION MODELING
Siapa?
Kemana?
Menggunakan moda transportasi apa?
Melalui rute yang mana?
Sumber: Parikesit, D, 2010
8
THE EXISTING FREIGHT TRANSPORT MODEL
(Source: Southworth, 2002)
Given data
and outside
the transport
model
The DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY is attempting to:
1) Integrating (internalized) the spatial model into transportation model
2) combining the economics activities driving freight movement (commodity-based
model) and the vehicle movement (trip-based model).
9
TRANSPORT DEMAND MODELS
(Source: Menendez et al, 2004)
Transport Demand Models
Aggregate Models
Split Model
Neoclassic Model
Inventory Model
Behavioural
(Costs, Modes,
(Derived Demand)
(Profit Max)
Model
Goods charact)
Dynamic
Transport
Demand
10
Disaggregate Models
(Utility Max)
Demand
Elasticity
EXISTING vs PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The existing methodology
Proposed methodology
Spatial data driving the freight
transportation considered as EXOGENOUS
FACTOR
Spatial data as ENDOGENOUS FACTOR
Focusing on transportation modelling only
(trip-based) or only modelling the amount
of freight (commodity-based)
Integration of spatial and transportation
modelling
Trip generation, trip distribution, mode
Trip distribution, mode split, and route
split, and route assignment is conducted in assignment are conducted simultaneously
several stages (and sequences)
Only capture commodity flow (commodity- Capture the flow of commodity and
based) or capture vehicle trip only (tripvehicle trip
based)
Generally focusing on uni-modal or
multimodal transportation
Possible to apply the inter-modal
transportation
Unable to capture the vehicle movement
(commodity-based)
Able to track the vehicle movement
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
11
STAGES OF DEVELOPING METHODOLOGY
REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
(VALUE ADDED OF PRODUCTION)
PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES
MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND TRANSPORTATION
SERVICES (COMMODITY FLOW)
COMMODITY FLOW BY SPECIFIC TRANSPORTATION
MODES
IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE AND LOCATION OF
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES
PRIVATE
(DESICION MAKER)
PRIVATE
(DESICION MAKER)
PUBLIC
(DESICION MAKER)
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURES
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, FINANCE, HUMAN
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, ETC.
1. The first methodology of regional transportation planning: 7 stages
(final) first research methodology.docx
2. The latest methodology of regional transportation planning : 10 stages
(final) developed methodology.docx
12
THE LATEST DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY
The developed methodology for regional freight transportation planning consists of
ten stages to be considered:
I. Selection of commodity using Regional Income (RI) model;
II. Conducting observation surveys and initial data collection;
III. Conducting Revealed Preference surveys on:
a) commodity production and distribution by interviewing shippers;
b) commodity distribution by interviewing carriers;
c) trip characteristics and transportation attributes b interviewing shippers and
carriers;
IV. Construction of GIS geo-database by using ArcGIS;
V. Spatial modelling by simulating and mapping of geographical location of selected
commodity using ArcGIS;
VI. Validation of spatial model;
VII. Transportation modelling of selected commodity using ArcGIS by considering
Generalized Cost (GC) of mode/destination combination for all factory locations;
VIII.Checking of Generalized Cost (GC);
IX. Identification of issues/bottlenecks (identification of type and location of
transport infrastructures);
X. Applying alternatives/scenarios into the model.
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
13
DATA COLLECTION (TYPE, METHOD, TOOLS)
DATA
TYPE
METHOD
TOOLS
REMARKS
Commodity chain
Primary
Interview
Questionnaire
Shippers
Logistics node/facs
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, Port
Authority, Others
Area of resources
and manufacturers
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers
Vehicles characts
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, carriers
Travel distance and
route
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
GPS, others
Shippers, carriers
Travel time
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
GPS, others
Shippers, carriers
Travel cost
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, carriers
Data GIS
Primary
GIS analysis
ArcGIS 9.3.1 and RBI, field/survey
10.1
Other data
Secondary
Literature
collection
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
National/ Province
Institut.
14
14
STAGES OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Secondary data collection and
preparation of QS form
Data analysis and model
development
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
15
Training of surveyors for OD and RP surveys
RP Surveys to shippers
O-D (observation) surveys (road & port)
RP Surveys to carriers
Builds the important spatial and transportation data (GIS geo-database)
that can be applied directly to the program/ software of transport planning
and or modeling (ArcGIS, CUBE, etc.).
No
Data
Format
1.
Kabupaten (Regency) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
2.
Kecamatan (Sub-district) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
3.
Desa (Village) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
4.
Oil palm plantation and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
5.
Road networks and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
6.
Main river network and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
7.
River centerline
Geo-database
2010-2012
8.
Land use data
Geo-database
2010-2012
9.
General ports
Geo-database
2010-2012
10.
Special ports
Geo-database
2011-2012
11
Railways link 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4A, 4B
Geo-database
2011-2012
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
Year
16
16
INTEGRATION OF SPATIAL AND TRANSPORTATION MODELLING
Palm plantation
Factory capacity
Unserved by factory
(< 6000ha)
Proximity to the closest factory
Road
River
Rail
Served by factory
(> 6000ha)
Factory location
Road - River
Road - Rail
Rail - River
Road -Rail – River
Shortest route to the port (distance, time)
O-D cost matrices (time, cost)
The lowest GC route (time, cost)
1.
2.
Model 2010: to integrate the spatial into transportation modelling
Model 2011 and 2012: to apply the concept of inter-modality into spatial and transportation
models
3. Model 2013: to predict the likely effects of (planned) railways as an alternatives of (future)
17
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
freight transportation
17
1
2
3
4
Road
CPO Factory
CPO Factory
General Port
Road
River
Rail
Road
CPO Factory
Station
Road
CPO Factory
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
General Port
River Port
General Port
Rail
Station
River
River Port
General Port
18
CASE STUDIES AND VEHICLES CONSIDERED IN THE MODELS
Year
Transportation networks
Number of
general port
Number of
special port
Number of
CPO factories
Analysis results
CPO factory
Shortest route
CPO factory
Shortest route
2010
Road and river
2
0
113
2011
Road, dry river, rainy river
Intermodal road- dry river
Intermodal road- rainy river
Road, dry river, rainy river
Intermodal road - dry river
Intermodal road- rainy river
2
0
277
2
11
281
CPO factory
Shortest route
O-D Cost, and GC
Road, river, rail,
Intermodal road-river,
Intermodal road-rail,
Intermodal rail-river,
Intermodal road-rail-river
4
11
281
CPO factory
Shortest route
O-D Cost
GC
2012
2013
Transport mode
Tank-Truck
Barge
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
Rail
Capacity
(T)
Operational speed (km/hour)
Travel cost
(Rp/T/km)
Time value
(Rp/T/hour)
1500
7700
7, 8, 10, 12, and 15
Max
45
Average
20 - 40
1000, 2000, and 3000
45
30 - 35
300
7700
3000 KL
60
50
1200
7700
19
SPECIFICATION OF MODELLING CPO TRANSPORTATION
1. General activities of commodity considered:
PALM PLANTATION
CPO FACTORY
PORT
2. Stages of modelling:
a) Definition of CPO factories
b) Determination of the shortest route
c) Determination of O-D cost matrices
d) Calculation of modal competition
e) Calculation of generalized cost (in terms of travel cost and travel time)
3. Utility function and logit model:
�� = � + � ���� + � ��� � + � � � ���
���� =
����
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
�
=
���� =
��� −����
��� −����
��� −����
��� −����
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
��� −���� �
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
��� −����
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
20 20
ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR UTILITY AND GC FUNCTIONS
The analysis results are:
a. spatial location of origin and destination (trip generation);
b. origin-destination matrices (trip distribution);
c. the shortest routes (mode split and route assignment); and
d. utility function and probability in choosing certain transport mode.
Utility function for truck:
Utruck
t-test
R2
= 3.383 – 0.007 Travel Cost + 0.021 Travel Time + 2.889 Climate
= (16.758)
(57.325)
(13.866)
(13.560)
= 0.618
Utility function for barge:
Ubarge = 21.477 – 0.010 Travel Cost - 0.001 Travel Time
t-test = (1.288)
(1.676)
(0.811)
R2
= 0.801
The generalized cost is calculated using formula: � = ���,� + ���,� . ���
Cij
: generalized cost (Rp/T)
TCijm,r
: fare from i to j on link r for mode type m (Rp/T)
VoT
: value of time (Rp/T/hour)
m,r
TTNoor
: total travel time spent from i to j on link r for mode type m (hour)21
Dr.
ij Mahmudah
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
Comparison of GC for all networks
1.400.000
1.200.000
1.000.000
800.000
600.000
400.000
200.000
-
Max
Average
Road
1.124.153
736.599
Transport Networks
Average GC (Rp/T)
Efficiency
Road- River
1.028.076
497.974
Road
736,599
0%
Road - Rail
1.236.682
653.198
Road- River
497,974
32%
Road-Rail- River
1.082.790
433.555
Road - Rail
653,198
11%
Road-Rail- River
433,555
41%
The recommended network for CPO transportation is
intermodal ROAD-RAIL-RIVER
by considering THE LOWEST AVERAGE GENERALIZED COST
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
22
CPO FACTORIES SERVED BY THE NETWORKS
Percentage of CPO
factories (%)
Percentage of CPO factories served by all networks
Road
60
40
20
0
River
Railways
0 - 5 Km 5 - 10 Km
10 -15
Km
15 -20
Km
20 - 25
Km
25 - 30
km
>30 Km
Percentage of CPO factories
(%)
Distance (km)
Percentage of CPO factories served along the railways link 1A
Road
60
40
River
20
Rail 1A
0
0 - 5 Km
5 - 10 Km
10 -15 Km
15 -20 Km
Distance (km)
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
20 - 25 Km
25 - 30 km
Rail 1A +
1B
23
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS(2013)
Generalized Cost of Road Networks
278
269
260
220
190
251
211
181
239
197
172
229
188
163
179
169
159
150
139
127
117
105
96
87
68
59
50
40
31
20
10
78
1.241.681
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
Generalized Cost = Cij = (TCijm,r+ TTijm,r. VoT)
Generalized Cost of River Networks
182.808
200000
100000
Generalized Cost of Intermodal Road-River Networks
800000
632.106
600000
400000
200000
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
0
1
9
16
25
34
43
53
61
71
79
87
98
109
120
128
135
147
157
167
176
184
194
212
221
231
243
254
262
269
277
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
CPO Factory Number
24
244
235
226
217
208
199
154
145
136
127
118
109
100
91
82
73
64
55
46
37
28
19
10
0
1
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalized Cost = Cij = (TCijm,r+ TTijm,r. VoT)
Generalized cost
(Rp/T)
GC of Road Networks along Rail Link 1A
1.106.099
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1
4
7 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 33 36 40 44 47 50 53 57 60 63 66 69 72 78 81 84
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
GC of River Neworks along Rail Link 1A
96.537
100000
50000
0
1
4
8
11 14 18 24 28 31 34 37 41 44 47 50 54 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 83
Generalized cost
(Rp/T)
CPO factory number
GC of Railways Link 1A
400000
259.225
200000
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
0
1
9
11
15
18
22
34
40
43
48
50
57
61
69
72
76
79
84
CPO Factory number
25
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
1.130.521
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 31 33 35 37 40 43 45 47 49 51 53 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 77 79 81 83 85
CPO Factories Number
Generalized cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - Rail Networks along Rail Link 1A
960.761
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71
CPO Factories Number
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
26
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalize Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Rail - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
302.561
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
CPO Factories Number
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - Rail - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
1000000
985.183
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71
CPO Factories Number
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
27
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
28
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
29
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
30
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
31
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
32
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
33
CONCLUSIONS
Several intermodal transportation models have been analyzed to convince the
integration of spatial and transportation modeling by using the existing transportation
infrastructures (such as road and river networks, ports, etc.).
The modeling analysis of CPO transportation in Central Kalimantan Province using
geographical information system (GIS) showed that intermodal transportation,
especially combination of road-river networks, is the best alternative obtained from
the models. In order to have a more robust model and to predict the likely effect of
new transport infrastructures to the cost efficiency (in term of generalized cost),
hence, it is required to analyze a future scenario.
To do so, a case study of spatial and transportation modeling by integrating intermodality concept between the existing transportation networks and planned railways
in Central Kalimantan is also conducted by using ArcGIS. By considering all networks
(road, river, railways, and intermodal networks), the reasonable minimum generalized
cost (GC) to be applied in the field is a combination of road-rail-river networks.
34
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
35
ACARA
PERSIAPAN
08.00 – 08.20
PEMBUKAAN OLEH DEKAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UMY
(DIWAKILI SEKPRODI TEKNIK SIPIL FT UMY)
08.20 – 09.20
STATE-OF-THE-ART TRANSPORT MODELLING (Dr. NOOR MAHMUDAH, S.T., M.Eng.)
09.20 – 10.00
INTRODUCTION TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
10.00 – 12.00
TECHNICAL SESSION #1:
TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
12.00 – 13.00
ISTIRAHAT, SHOLAT, DAN MAKAN SIANG
13.00 – 16.00
TECHNICAL SESSION #2:
TRAFFIC SOFTWARE PTV VISSIM (MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION)
(Bapak SIGIT W. PRASETYA)
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
1
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
Introduction
The Existing Transport Model
The Development of Methodology
Model Development
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
TRAFFIC
ACTIVITY
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
MOBILITY
SYSTEM
INTERACTION AMONG SYSTEMS IS DYNAMIC,
NON-STABLE, NON-STRUCTURED
3
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
EVERY SYSTEM HAS DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE OF TIME AND
RESOURCES:
TRAFFIC SYSTEM
MOBILITY SYSTEM
ACTIVITY SYSTEM
DIRECT, REACTIVE, VERY SHORT TERM,
LOCAL IMPACT
INDIRECT, REACTIVE/ANTICIPATIVE
LONG TERM, REGIONAL IMPACT
INDIRECT, ANTICIPATIVE, VERY
LONG TERM, REGIONAL/MACRO IMPACT
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT PLANNING
LAND USE MODEL
TRIP GENERATION
TRIP DISTRIBUTION
MODE CHOICE / MODE SPLIT
MODE CHOICE / MODE SPLIT
5
Land Use Model
Xip f ( Cip )
Trip Generation Model
Ti p f ( Cip )
Trip Distribution Model
Tijp f ( Cijp )
Modal Split Model
Tijpm f (Cijpm )
Network Assignment Model
Tijpmr f (Cijpmr )
TRANSPORTATION MODELING
Siapa?
Kemana?
Menggunakan moda transportasi apa?
Melalui rute yang mana?
Sumber: Parikesit, D, 2010
8
THE EXISTING FREIGHT TRANSPORT MODEL
(Source: Southworth, 2002)
Given data
and outside
the transport
model
The DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY is attempting to:
1) Integrating (internalized) the spatial model into transportation model
2) combining the economics activities driving freight movement (commodity-based
model) and the vehicle movement (trip-based model).
9
TRANSPORT DEMAND MODELS
(Source: Menendez et al, 2004)
Transport Demand Models
Aggregate Models
Split Model
Neoclassic Model
Inventory Model
Behavioural
(Costs, Modes,
(Derived Demand)
(Profit Max)
Model
Goods charact)
Dynamic
Transport
Demand
10
Disaggregate Models
(Utility Max)
Demand
Elasticity
EXISTING vs PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The existing methodology
Proposed methodology
Spatial data driving the freight
transportation considered as EXOGENOUS
FACTOR
Spatial data as ENDOGENOUS FACTOR
Focusing on transportation modelling only
(trip-based) or only modelling the amount
of freight (commodity-based)
Integration of spatial and transportation
modelling
Trip generation, trip distribution, mode
Trip distribution, mode split, and route
split, and route assignment is conducted in assignment are conducted simultaneously
several stages (and sequences)
Only capture commodity flow (commodity- Capture the flow of commodity and
based) or capture vehicle trip only (tripvehicle trip
based)
Generally focusing on uni-modal or
multimodal transportation
Possible to apply the inter-modal
transportation
Unable to capture the vehicle movement
(commodity-based)
Able to track the vehicle movement
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
11
STAGES OF DEVELOPING METHODOLOGY
REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
(VALUE ADDED OF PRODUCTION)
PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES
MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND TRANSPORTATION
SERVICES (COMMODITY FLOW)
COMMODITY FLOW BY SPECIFIC TRANSPORTATION
MODES
IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE AND LOCATION OF
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES
PRIVATE
(DESICION MAKER)
PRIVATE
(DESICION MAKER)
PUBLIC
(DESICION MAKER)
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURES
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, FINANCE, HUMAN
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, ETC.
1. The first methodology of regional transportation planning: 7 stages
(final) first research methodology.docx
2. The latest methodology of regional transportation planning : 10 stages
(final) developed methodology.docx
12
THE LATEST DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY
The developed methodology for regional freight transportation planning consists of
ten stages to be considered:
I. Selection of commodity using Regional Income (RI) model;
II. Conducting observation surveys and initial data collection;
III. Conducting Revealed Preference surveys on:
a) commodity production and distribution by interviewing shippers;
b) commodity distribution by interviewing carriers;
c) trip characteristics and transportation attributes b interviewing shippers and
carriers;
IV. Construction of GIS geo-database by using ArcGIS;
V. Spatial modelling by simulating and mapping of geographical location of selected
commodity using ArcGIS;
VI. Validation of spatial model;
VII. Transportation modelling of selected commodity using ArcGIS by considering
Generalized Cost (GC) of mode/destination combination for all factory locations;
VIII.Checking of Generalized Cost (GC);
IX. Identification of issues/bottlenecks (identification of type and location of
transport infrastructures);
X. Applying alternatives/scenarios into the model.
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
13
DATA COLLECTION (TYPE, METHOD, TOOLS)
DATA
TYPE
METHOD
TOOLS
REMARKS
Commodity chain
Primary
Interview
Questionnaire
Shippers
Logistics node/facs
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, Port
Authority, Others
Area of resources
and manufacturers
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers
Vehicles characts
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, carriers
Travel distance and
route
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
GPS, others
Shippers, carriers
Travel time
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
GPS, others
Shippers, carriers
Travel cost
Primary
Interview,
field survey
Questionnaire
Shippers, carriers
Data GIS
Primary
GIS analysis
ArcGIS 9.3.1 and RBI, field/survey
10.1
Other data
Secondary
Literature
collection
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
National/ Province
Institut.
14
14
STAGES OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Secondary data collection and
preparation of QS form
Data analysis and model
development
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
15
Training of surveyors for OD and RP surveys
RP Surveys to shippers
O-D (observation) surveys (road & port)
RP Surveys to carriers
Builds the important spatial and transportation data (GIS geo-database)
that can be applied directly to the program/ software of transport planning
and or modeling (ArcGIS, CUBE, etc.).
No
Data
Format
1.
Kabupaten (Regency) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
2.
Kecamatan (Sub-district) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
3.
Desa (Village) map
Geo-database
2010-2012
4.
Oil palm plantation and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
5.
Road networks and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
6.
Main river network and attributes
Geo-database
2010-2012
7.
River centerline
Geo-database
2010-2012
8.
Land use data
Geo-database
2010-2012
9.
General ports
Geo-database
2010-2012
10.
Special ports
Geo-database
2011-2012
11
Railways link 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4A, 4B
Geo-database
2011-2012
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
Year
16
16
INTEGRATION OF SPATIAL AND TRANSPORTATION MODELLING
Palm plantation
Factory capacity
Unserved by factory
(< 6000ha)
Proximity to the closest factory
Road
River
Rail
Served by factory
(> 6000ha)
Factory location
Road - River
Road - Rail
Rail - River
Road -Rail – River
Shortest route to the port (distance, time)
O-D cost matrices (time, cost)
The lowest GC route (time, cost)
1.
2.
Model 2010: to integrate the spatial into transportation modelling
Model 2011 and 2012: to apply the concept of inter-modality into spatial and transportation
models
3. Model 2013: to predict the likely effects of (planned) railways as an alternatives of (future)
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Dr. Noor Mahmudah
freight transportation
17
1
2
3
4
Road
CPO Factory
CPO Factory
General Port
Road
River
Rail
Road
CPO Factory
Station
Road
CPO Factory
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
General Port
River Port
General Port
Rail
Station
River
River Port
General Port
18
CASE STUDIES AND VEHICLES CONSIDERED IN THE MODELS
Year
Transportation networks
Number of
general port
Number of
special port
Number of
CPO factories
Analysis results
CPO factory
Shortest route
CPO factory
Shortest route
2010
Road and river
2
0
113
2011
Road, dry river, rainy river
Intermodal road- dry river
Intermodal road- rainy river
Road, dry river, rainy river
Intermodal road - dry river
Intermodal road- rainy river
2
0
277
2
11
281
CPO factory
Shortest route
O-D Cost, and GC
Road, river, rail,
Intermodal road-river,
Intermodal road-rail,
Intermodal rail-river,
Intermodal road-rail-river
4
11
281
CPO factory
Shortest route
O-D Cost
GC
2012
2013
Transport mode
Tank-Truck
Barge
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
Rail
Capacity
(T)
Operational speed (km/hour)
Travel cost
(Rp/T/km)
Time value
(Rp/T/hour)
1500
7700
7, 8, 10, 12, and 15
Max
45
Average
20 - 40
1000, 2000, and 3000
45
30 - 35
300
7700
3000 KL
60
50
1200
7700
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SPECIFICATION OF MODELLING CPO TRANSPORTATION
1. General activities of commodity considered:
PALM PLANTATION
CPO FACTORY
PORT
2. Stages of modelling:
a) Definition of CPO factories
b) Determination of the shortest route
c) Determination of O-D cost matrices
d) Calculation of modal competition
e) Calculation of generalized cost (in terms of travel cost and travel time)
3. Utility function and logit model:
�� = � + � ���� + � ��� � + � � � ���
���� =
����
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
�
=
���� =
��� −����
��� −����
��� −����
��� −����
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
��� −���� �
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
��� −����
+ ��� −���� � + ��� −����
20 20
ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR UTILITY AND GC FUNCTIONS
The analysis results are:
a. spatial location of origin and destination (trip generation);
b. origin-destination matrices (trip distribution);
c. the shortest routes (mode split and route assignment); and
d. utility function and probability in choosing certain transport mode.
Utility function for truck:
Utruck
t-test
R2
= 3.383 – 0.007 Travel Cost + 0.021 Travel Time + 2.889 Climate
= (16.758)
(57.325)
(13.866)
(13.560)
= 0.618
Utility function for barge:
Ubarge = 21.477 – 0.010 Travel Cost - 0.001 Travel Time
t-test = (1.288)
(1.676)
(0.811)
R2
= 0.801
The generalized cost is calculated using formula: � = ���,� + ���,� . ���
Cij
: generalized cost (Rp/T)
TCijm,r
: fare from i to j on link r for mode type m (Rp/T)
VoT
: value of time (Rp/T/hour)
m,r
TTNoor
: total travel time spent from i to j on link r for mode type m (hour)21
Dr.
ij Mahmudah
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
Comparison of GC for all networks
1.400.000
1.200.000
1.000.000
800.000
600.000
400.000
200.000
-
Max
Average
Road
1.124.153
736.599
Transport Networks
Average GC (Rp/T)
Efficiency
Road- River
1.028.076
497.974
Road
736,599
0%
Road - Rail
1.236.682
653.198
Road- River
497,974
32%
Road-Rail- River
1.082.790
433.555
Road - Rail
653,198
11%
Road-Rail- River
433,555
41%
The recommended network for CPO transportation is
intermodal ROAD-RAIL-RIVER
by considering THE LOWEST AVERAGE GENERALIZED COST
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
22
CPO FACTORIES SERVED BY THE NETWORKS
Percentage of CPO
factories (%)
Percentage of CPO factories served by all networks
Road
60
40
20
0
River
Railways
0 - 5 Km 5 - 10 Km
10 -15
Km
15 -20
Km
20 - 25
Km
25 - 30
km
>30 Km
Percentage of CPO factories
(%)
Distance (km)
Percentage of CPO factories served along the railways link 1A
Road
60
40
River
20
Rail 1A
0
0 - 5 Km
5 - 10 Km
10 -15 Km
15 -20 Km
Distance (km)
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
20 - 25 Km
25 - 30 km
Rail 1A +
1B
23
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS(2013)
Generalized Cost of Road Networks
278
269
260
220
190
251
211
181
239
197
172
229
188
163
179
169
159
150
139
127
117
105
96
87
68
59
50
40
31
20
10
78
1.241.681
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
Generalized Cost = Cij = (TCijm,r+ TTijm,r. VoT)
Generalized Cost of River Networks
182.808
200000
100000
Generalized Cost of Intermodal Road-River Networks
800000
632.106
600000
400000
200000
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
0
1
9
16
25
34
43
53
61
71
79
87
98
109
120
128
135
147
157
167
176
184
194
212
221
231
243
254
262
269
277
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
CPO Factory Number
24
244
235
226
217
208
199
154
145
136
127
118
109
100
91
82
73
64
55
46
37
28
19
10
0
1
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalized Cost = Cij = (TCijm,r+ TTijm,r. VoT)
Generalized cost
(Rp/T)
GC of Road Networks along Rail Link 1A
1.106.099
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1
4
7 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 33 36 40 44 47 50 53 57 60 63 66 69 72 78 81 84
Generalized Cost
(Rp/T)
CPO Factory Number
GC of River Neworks along Rail Link 1A
96.537
100000
50000
0
1
4
8
11 14 18 24 28 31 34 37 41 44 47 50 54 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 83
Generalized cost
(Rp/T)
CPO factory number
GC of Railways Link 1A
400000
259.225
200000
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
0
1
9
11
15
18
22
34
40
43
48
50
57
61
69
72
76
79
84
CPO Factory number
25
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
1.130.521
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 31 33 35 37 40 43 45 47 49 51 53 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 77 79 81 83 85
CPO Factories Number
Generalized cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - Rail Networks along Rail Link 1A
960.761
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71
CPO Factories Number
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
26
GENERALIZED COST (GC) OF THE NETWORKS (2013)
Generalize Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Rail - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
302.561
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
CPO Factories Number
Generalized Cost (Rp/T)
GC of Intermodal Road - Rail - River Networks along Rail Link 1A
1000000
985.183
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71
CPO Factories Number
Dr. Noor Mahmudah
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CONCLUSIONS
Several intermodal transportation models have been analyzed to convince the
integration of spatial and transportation modeling by using the existing transportation
infrastructures (such as road and river networks, ports, etc.).
The modeling analysis of CPO transportation in Central Kalimantan Province using
geographical information system (GIS) showed that intermodal transportation,
especially combination of road-river networks, is the best alternative obtained from
the models. In order to have a more robust model and to predict the likely effect of
new transport infrastructures to the cost efficiency (in term of generalized cost),
hence, it is required to analyze a future scenario.
To do so, a case study of spatial and transportation modeling by integrating intermodality concept between the existing transportation networks and planned railways
in Central Kalimantan is also conducted by using ArcGIS. By considering all networks
(road, river, railways, and intermodal networks), the reasonable minimum generalized
cost (GC) to be applied in the field is a combination of road-rail-river networks.
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