10
2. Uraian Materi
The concern here is to examine more closely how words or ship vocabularies work and certanly are understandable in order to make a coherent and
meaningful piece of English. The words and structures examined in the Grammar sections are used in the reading passages to show how they work in
texts and exercises are given to check that the student has understood their meaning and uses. Exercises are also given to help the student realize how
sentences and paragraphs are linked on a grammatical and semantic basis to give a passage coherence and unity. This insight will also help him with his
writing. In order to show that passages raise questions as well as answer them, the student is sometimes asked to use his imagination to try and answer
questions not answered in the text. It is hoped that these questions will stimulate discussion and a desire for further reading.
Let s check out the example a.
Reading
1
Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo.
2
Some are also designed to carry passengers.
3
Nowadays most merchant ships are built to carry cargo.
4
A few still carry passengers.
5
Merchant vessels can operate in the following three basic ways.
6
They can operate as liners.
7
Liners are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable.
8
A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance.
9
They sail whether they are full or not.
10
Merchant vessels can also operate as tramps.
11
Tramps do not sail on regular routes.
12
They do not keep to a fixed timetable.
13
They are employed in all parts of the world where there is cargo for them to carry.
11
14
A large numbers of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels.
15
These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo.
Now read the passage more carefully. Underline the words you do not understand. Before you use your dictionary or ask your teacher, remember
that the meaning of a word can often be got a from the context e.g. `vessels, sentence 5, means `ships, b by studying the word to see if it is
derived from a noun or verb etc. that you already know e.g. `arrival, sentence 8, from `to arrive.
Use the information in the reading passage to complete t h e sentences. Merchant ships are designed to carry
Liners are employed Tramps are not employed
Specialized vessels are designed n the past a ship s log was a book for recording the distance a ship trav-
elled. Now it is much more. Discuss with a partner what information is in a
modern ship s log. Study this entry in a ship s log and answer the questions:
TEXT 1 Wed. 5th July
We are at single anchor in Plymouth Sound Tues. 10 July 15.00
The pilot comes on board 15.30
We weigh anchor and proceed towards the harbour
16.15 The ship grounds on the western side of
Plymouth Sound 17.45
Two tugs lash alongside. The y put up a head line and a stern line
18.15 The ship goes off into deep water. We make fast
to a mooring buoy 18.30
Pilot leaves the ship
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