AN ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL AND CONTEXTUAL MEANINGS IN THE TRANSLATION VERSIONS (ENGLISH- INDONESIAN) OF THE HOLY QUR’AN SURAH AN-NISA VERSE 3 AND 34 INTERPRETED BY ABDULLAH YUSUF ALI AND THE MINISTER OF RELIGION

i AN ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL AND CONTEXTUAL MEANINGS IN THE

TRANSLATION VERSIONS (ENGLISH- INDONESIAN) OF THE HOLY QUR’AN SURAH AN-NISA VERSE 3 AND 34 _{INTERPRETED BY}

ABDULLAH YUSUF ALI AND THE MINISTER OF RELIGION

THESIS

by:

NOVITA KURNIASTINING WULAN 201110100311320

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ii AN ANALYSIS ON LEXICAL AND CONTEXTUAL MEANINGS IN THE

TRANSLATION VERSIONS (ENGLISH- INDONESIAN) OF THE HOLY QUR’AN SURAH AN-NISA VERSE 3 AND 34 _{INTERPRETED BY}

ABDULLAH YUSUF ALI AND THE MINISTER OF RELIGION

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

by:

NOVITA KURNIASTINING WULAN 201110100311320

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

v MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO ارس ي رس ع لا عم نإ

“Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan”. Verily, with every difficulty there is relief.

(Q.S. Alam Nasyrah:03)

“The best of you is when you can say to your parents and other people

“Wow... I finally reached my dreams” and you will see their touching

and curious response. Just do your best and let Allah do the rest” Novita Kurniastining Wulan

DEDICATION This thesis is especially dedicated to: My beloved Father (Late) Sujadi My dearest Mother Mujiati My Uncle Parmin

My Aunt Sriani Young Sister Nela Andriani And all my friends

vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirrabbil‘alamin wassolatu wassalamu‘ala sayyidina muhammadin wa’ala alihi wa sohbihi ajma’in. After going through a long and challenging journey, the writer finally arrives at her most intended goal that is to finish this thesis successfully. Accordingly, it is a precise time for the writer to express her gratitude to all people who are engaged in this long and winding road. But most of all, firstly, the writer would like to deliver her best gratitude to Allah SWT for giving her guidance and blessing in order that the writer is able to finish this thesis in time. Moreover, praises are also offered to the beloved Prophet, Muhammad SAW as the best role model ever to all people around the world especially Muslims.

Secondly, the writer warmly gives her uncountable thanks and appreciation to her first advisor, Mr. Riski Lestiono, S.Pd., M.A who constantly guides, cares and supports the writer to finish this thesis as soon as possible. Then, the writer would like to convey her great gratitude to her kind second advisor, Dian Arsitades, M.Pd who has given her support, suggestion, advice, and helpful correction to construct an improvement during the writing process. The writer also extends gratitude to all lecturers of English department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang who have taught and given their knowledge patiently during her study.

Thirdly, great, special, and huge gratitude are addressed to the writer’s adored family and relatives. For her dearest and patient mother Mujiati, many

viii thanks are presented for all their love, unlimited prayer, care and support. Special prayer is delivered to her late grandmothers and grandfathers so that Allah SWT may bless them and give His best place in Jannah. Amin ya Rabbal ‘alamin.

Finally, so much thanks are also delivered to all of the writer’s friends classmates and many others for their unlimited supports and prayers. Those will be the writer’s greatest and unforgettable experience for the rest of her life.

Malang, August 22, 2015 The Writer,

ix TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL... i

LEGALIZATION... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION... iii

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION...iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS...ix

LIST OF FIGURE……….….…xii LIST OF TABLES... xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES...xiii

REFERENCE………xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems………...… 6

1.3 Purposes of the Study ... 7

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 7

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 8

1.6 Definition of Key Term………... 8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Translation ... 12

x

2.3Pragmatics………... 15

2.4Meanings………... 20

2.4.1 Lexical Meaning………...…….. 21

2.4.2 Contextual Meaning……... 24

2.5 Holy Qur’an...26

2.6 Translation of Holy Qur’an……...27

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 31

3.2 Research Object ... 33

3.3 Research Instrument ... 33

3.4 Data Collection ... 34

3.5 Data Analysis ... 36

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings...39

4.1.1 Lexical Meanings of Surah An-Nisa verse 3 Semantically………40

4.1.2 Lexical Meanings of Surah An-Nisa verse 34 Semantically……..43

4.1.3 Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 Pragmatically…..48

4.1.3.1Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa verse 3 Pragmatically (English Version)……….48

4.1.3.2Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa verse 34 Pragmatically (Indonesian Version)………...49

4.1.4 Contextual Meanings in Translation Versions (English-Indonesian) of Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 Pragmatically………..51

4.1.5 Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 Pragmatically…..53

4.1.5.1Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 Pragmatically (English Version)………....53

4.1.5.2Contextual Meaning of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 Pragmatically (Indonesian Version)………...54 4.1.6 Contextual Meanings in Translation Versions (English-Indonesian)

xi

of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 Pragmatically………..….55 4.2 Discussion...58

4.2.1 Disparity of lexical meanings of Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 in translation versions (English-Indonesian………..58

4.2.2 Difference of Contextual Meanings of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 between English and Indonesian Verb Based on Arabic

Version………...59

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ... 61 5.2 Suggestions ... 62

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I DATA CODING……….65

xii LIST OF FIGURE

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Some Common Speech Acts……….20 Table 4.1 Lexical Meanings of Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 Sematically…………....41 Table 4.2 Lexical Meanings of Surah An-Nisa Verse 34 Semantically…………45 Table 4.3 Contextual Meanings in Translation Versions (English-Indonesian) of Surah An-Nisa Verse 3... 52 Table 4.4 Contextual Meanings in Translation Versions (English-Indonesian) of

xiv LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1………Data Coding

xv REFERENCES

Adler, Emily & Roger, Clark. (2003). How It’s Done. United States of America: Wadsworth.

Adnan, G. (2004). Women and the Glorious Qur’an: An Analytical Study of Women-Related Verses of Surah An-Nisa. Germany: Gottingen.

Al-Hamad, Mohammad Qasem. (2013). The Translability Of Euphemism In The Holy Quran. November 2013 Vol. 9, No. 2, European Scientific Journal. Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1987). Qur’an English Translation & Commentary.

Pakistan: The King Fahd Holy Quran Printing.

Ary, Donald et al. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th edition). Canada: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Baker, Mona (1992). In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.

Bowen, C. (2011, December 3) Semantic and Pragmatic Difficulties. Retrieved from Speech-Language-Therapy dot com: http://www.caroline.htm.

Creswell, John W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd Edition). Sage Publications, Inc.

Creswell, John W. (2012). Educational Research (4th edition). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Deparment Agama RI (2010). Al-Qur’an & Tafsirnya Jilid II. Jakarta: Ikrar Mandiriabadi.

Dukes, Kais (2009). The Quranic Arabic Corpus. In Leaman, Oliver. http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=4&verse=3&34.

Accessed on June 2015.

English Language Professional. (2013). Similarities and Differences between Semantics and Pragmatics. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Fatani, Afnan (2006). Translation and the Qur'an. In Leaman, Oliver. The Qur'an: an encyclopaedia. pp. 657–669. Great Britain: Routeledge.

Fatoohi, Louay (2004). A Short Introdaction to the Qur’an. Luna Plena Publishing: Birmigham, UK.

xvi Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams. (2003). An Introduction to Language Seventh

Edition. United States: Heinle.

Gay, L. R., & Peter Airasian. (2003). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Aplications. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Hatim, B., & Munday, J. (2004). Translation: An advanced resource book. New York: Routledge.

Kathari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology and Techniques (Second Revised Edition). New Delhi, India: New Age International Publishers.

Khashan A. Rafid, A. Al-Nasser. (2008). The collocation of Mubeen In The Holy Quran. 2008 No. 45, Journal of the College of Arts. University of Basrah. Kuthy D. Kordula. (2002). Linguistic 201. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Levinson, Stephen C. (2000). Presumption Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature Language, Speech, and Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Lyons, J. (1995). Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.

Machali, Rochayah. (2009). Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Mizan Pustaka: Bandung.

Nabawiyah. (2012). AlQuran-Indonesia.Com.

http://www.alquran-indonesia.com/web/quran/listings/details. Accessed on June 2015.

Najim, Iman. (2010). The Meaning of Huda with Reference to Three English Translations. Sharjah Publishing: American.

Nassimi, M. Daoud. (2008). A Thematic Comparative Review of Some English Translations of the Qur’an. University of Birmingham: Unpublished Thesis.

Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. United Kigdom: Prentice Hall International.

Nida, E. & Taber, R. (1982). The Theory And Practice Of Translation. Leiden: E.J Brill.

xvii Portner, Paul. (2006). An Introduction to Language and Linguistic. United

Kigdom: University press, Cambridge.

Requejo, M. (2007). The role of context in word meaning construction: A case study. 7 (1), 169-173. International Journal of English Studies.

R.L, Trask. (1999). Key Concept in Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge.

Schuh & Upcraft. (2001). Assessment Practice in Student Affairs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Stewart, Jr., Thomas W, and Nathan Vailette. (2001). Language Files; Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics. Ohio: The Ohio State University.

Toha, Abdussosmad, D. (2012). AlQuran Surat An-Nisa.

http://www.dudung.net/quran-online/indonesia/4. Accessed on June 2015. Wahyuni, Sari. (2012). Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice.

Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Wijana, I Dewa Putu & M.Rohmadi (2008). Semantik Teori dan Analisis. Yuma Pustaka: Surakarta.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the background of study, problem formulation, objective of the study, benefits of the study, and definition of terms.

1.1Background of the study

Language is the role of human life, not only for the daily life but also for all activities of human life such as research, illumination, news, or even giving an argument, thinking and feeling (Rohmad: 2008, 3). Knowledge, law, medic, politic, educations also need the language. By language, human being is able to communicate everything. However, language is not the only communication tools. There are language signals, any kind of symbols, codes, sounds which have meanings after being translated in human language. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say if a language is important communication tool of human being. Language as the tool of communication has a close relation to semantics.

Semantics is the branch of linguistics which is the aspect of language function that relates to understanding the meanings (Paul Portner: 2007:137). Semantics focuses on the literal meanings of words, phrases, and sentences. Semantics is one component in linguistics, such as sound and grammatical component. It is the part of linguistics because meaning is part of language. The correlation between semantics and linguistics cannot be separated. The study of linguistics is not comprehended yet without talking about meaning. In fact, the measurement of

2 language is to convey the meaning. Thinking about language also involves the meaning itself.

In addition, other field within linguistics that studies meaning is pragmatics. Pragmatics focuses on the use of language in particular situation; it aims to explain how factors outside of language contribute to both literal meaning and nonliteral meanings which speakers communicate using language (Paul Portner: 2007:137). Therefore, semantics and pragmatics are the two branches of linguistics that deal with the meaning of language and link language to the world. However, the only obvious similarity between the two branches is that they both deal with the meanings of words and sentences but in different ways (Bianchi: 2005). Its difference can be shown in the picture below:

Picture 1

The coverage of semantics & pragmatics

Semantics

Semantic meaning Speaker’s meaning

Pragmatics

Lexicon Grammar

3 Adapted from an introduction to language and linguistics book by Paul Portner

The explanation based on the picture above according to Portner (2006:139) are, semantics focuses on the link between the lexicon and the grammar and semantic meaning. Pragmatics focuses on the connection between context of use and both semantic and speaker‟s meaning. To understand semantics meaning, bringing together three main components are important such as the context in which a sentence is used, the meanings of words in the sentence and its more phonological and syntactic structure.

Moreover, the conclusion based on statement above is pragmatics concerns both on the relationship between context of use and sentence meaning, and the relationship among sentence meaning, context of use, and speaker‟s meaning. In this section, focus on those aspects of pragmatics has to do with how the context of use contributes to semantic meaning. However, this research focuses on both semantics and pragmatics. Semantics is used to investigate lexical meaning, while pragmatics is used to investigate contextual meaning.

Meaning as the shape of the component of semantic discussion is complicated because it is not only related to language but also the outer part of the language

4 such as the view of life, culture, and the value which belongs to the society whom use the language.

In Islamic perspective, every Muslim studies Qur’an and al-Hadist as their guidance of life, on the other hand, studying Qur’an is not easy to comprehend the meaning. There are many differences of meaning in studying Qur’an when people examine it. Qur’an passages about polygamy and men and women, those case belong to surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34. In those cases, perhaps most often misunderstood or misused by both Muslims and non-Muslims. Sometime it has to be explained with al-Hadist. Furthermore, people shall interpret this passage in the light of the authentic sunnah (tradition) of Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessing be upon him. They shall study the meaning of by explaining the crucial Arabic words in question correct. Therefore, investigating the meaning of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 lexically and contextually will result in the appropriate meaning.

The wrong perspective made by Muslims in Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 cause the wrong statement. This case appears because they can‟t interpret those verses in the right meaning. It matter happened in verse 3 which reveal polygamy topic. While in verse 34, most of people especially non-Muslims who don‟t have knowledge of Islam often reveal wrong way conclusion to conclude this verse. It result many people blamed Islam religion. This stage is support by non-Muslims opinion; non-Muslims think Islam gives the low position for woman. Moreover, provide the appropriate meaning of those verses give exact understanding of many

5 Holy Qur'an, informally known as the Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation, was a British-Indian Islamic scholar who translated the Qur'an into English. It is reported to be the most popular and now the most widely disseminated Qur'an in most Islamic bookstores and mosques throughout the English-speaking world. Therefore, the writer surely believes that Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation is more accurate and is the best choice to be taken into account for this present study.

In relation to this present study, there are some previous studies that are chosen as considerations. The first is Al-Hamad (2013) who conducted a study the translatability of euphemism in the Holy Qur’an. The main focus of his study was on finding out 23 examples of euphemistic expression cited from different surahs of the Holy Qur’an. The study has revealed that euphemism is an evident phenomenon in the Holy Quran and that the process of translating it into English is generally problematic for reasons such as linguistic and cultural diversity. Finally, the researcher suggested – where necessary – more appropriate translations of these Quranic euphemisms consider the criteria of meaning and euphemism.

The second is Najim (2010) who conducted a study on the meaning of hudā in

the Qur‘an with reference to three English translations. Iman found every

Qur‘anic verse that includes the term hudā or one of its derivatives (h-d-y) is

grouped and analyzed to establish the correct meaning accurately. Hudā in this

āyah does not refer to any of the four types of hidāyah. Instead, hudā refers to the

act of giving aid or success. This āyah deals with the concept of unfaithfulness as the context reveals. The three translators chose to use the verb guide„ for

6

yahdī. In fact the āyahs before and after this āyah deal with some religious rulings

that regulate one„s life.

From the phenomena above, this present study is intended to analyze the meaning. Because the writer is interested in analyzing the case into a thesis entitled “An Analysis on Lexical and Contextual Meanings in the Translation Versions (English- Bahasa Indonesia) of The Holy Qur‟an Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 and 34 Interpreted by the Minister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali.” Holy

Qur’an as an object analysis makes this study different, unique and challenging.

This research is important in order to clarify misinterpreted and misunderstood in society of those verse and to result the real meaning. The writer expects this clarification can give people the right knowledge of those verses.

Last but not least, based on the writer‟s personal observation, it comes to a conclusion that there are still very few researches conducted lexical and contextual meaning in the Translation Versions (English- Bahasa Indonesia) of

the Holy Qur’an Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 and 34. Therefore, the writer believes

that Holy Qur’an becomes the most suitable choice of being the object of analysis in this study.

1.2 Statement of Problems

Based on the background of the study, the writer would like to formulate some problems as follows:

1. What are the lexical meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 interpreted by The Minister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali?

7 2. What are the contextual meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34

interpreted by The Minister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali? 1.3 Purpose of the Study

In the writing this thesis, the writer has some objectives as follows:

1. To find out the lexical meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 semantically.

2. To analyze the contextual meaning of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 pragmatically.

1.4 Significance of the Study

1. Theoretical Benefit

This study is expected to be beneficial to the world of semantics and complement to the study of meaning in surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 in Holy

Qur’an.

2. Practical Benefit

The writer expects the result of the study will give additional information to the reader. The writer expects that the study can contribute to the development of semantics study especially lexically and contextually, particularly among students who study of religious texts such as Holy Qur’an as Holy Scripture. Moreover, the readers can concern on analyzing the study of semantics in surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 in Holy Qur’an. Therefore, this study of linguistic texts, which enables us to uncover how language is maneuvered to make meaning, has received popular application in (critical) discourse analysis and (foreign) language teaching and pedagogy.

8 1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope in this study is on investigating the lexical and contextual meaning in Holy Qur‟an translation versions (English-Indonesian) in which it has 114 Surah. This study is limited on Holy Qur‟an Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34. 1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid mistakes of the title, the writer clarifies the terms as the followings:

1. Semantics Analysis

Semantics is the branch of linguistics which is the aspect of language function that relates to understanding the meanings (Caroline Bowen: 2011). It focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols.

In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings. It also involves removing features specific to particular linguistic and cultural contexts, to the extent that such a project is possible. The elements of idiom and figurative speech, being cultural, are often also converted into relatively invariant meanings in semantic analysis.

9 2. Lexical Meaning

The lexical meaning is study of semantics which concerns on the meaning based on the dictionary. Lyons (1995) states lexical meaning is a meaning describes in the lexicon or dictionary. A lexical meaning usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey information to the widest readers. Another case, the meaning of a content word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express content word and open-class word, a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned meaning, signification and import, the message that is intended or expressed or signified.

3. Contextual Meaning

Contextual meaning is the study of semantics which concern with the meaning based on the situation. According to Lyons (1995), contextual meaning is the meaning of word according to the situations in which context is used.

4. Translation

Translation is the most important thing in transferring the source language to the target language.

10 4. Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34

Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 have different topic. Verse 3 shows polygamy topic, it reveals the right statement of polygamy in guidance of Islam. The real Islamic person must be submissive in Qur’an. It also explains the rules of polygamy in Islam, while verse 34 of this surah states the position men and woman based on Islam perspective and the obligation between men and women as a couple in the family.

Surah An-Nisa verse 3

“And if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then

marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if ye fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice”.

11 Surah An-Nisa verse 34

“Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more [strength] than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them [first], [Next], refuse to share their beds, [And last] beat them [lightly]; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means [of annoyance]: For Allah is Most High,great [above you all].” ( Abdullah Yusuf Ali: 1987).

yahdī. In fact the āyahs before and after this āyah deal with some religious rulings that regulate one„s life.

From the phenomena above, this present study is intended to analyze the meaning. Because the writer is interested in analyzing the case into a thesis entitled “An Analysis on Lexical and Contextual Meanings in the Translation Versions (English- Bahasa Indonesia) of The Holy Qur‟an Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 and 34 Interpreted by the Minister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali.” Holy Qur’an as an object analysis makes this study different, unique and challenging. This research is important in order to clarify misinterpreted and misunderstood in society of those verse and to result the real meaning. The writer expects this clarification can give people the right knowledge of those verses.

Last but not least, based on the writer‟s personal observation, it comes to a conclusion that there are still very few researches conducted lexical and contextual meaning in the Translation Versions (English- Bahasa Indonesia) of the Holy Qur’an Surah An-Nisa Verse 3 and 34. Therefore, the writer believes that Holy Qur’an becomes the most suitable choice of being the object of analysis in this study.

1.2 Statement of Problems

Based on the background of the study, the writer would like to formulate some problems as follows:

1. What are the lexical meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 interpreted byTheMinister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali?

2. What are the contextual meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 interpreted byThe Minister of Religion and Abdullah Yusuf Ali?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

In the writing this thesis, the writer has some objectives as follows:

1. To find out the lexical meanings of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 semantically.

2. To analyze the contextual meaning of surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 pragmatically.

1.4 Significance of the Study

1. Theoretical Benefit

This study is expected to be beneficial to the world of semantics and complement to the study of meaning in surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 in Holy Qur’an.

2. Practical Benefit

The writer expects the result of the study will give additional information to the reader. The writer expects that the study can contribute to the development of semantics study especially lexically and contextually, particularly among students who study of religious texts such as Holy Qur’an as Holy Scripture. Moreover, the readers can concern on analyzing the study of semantics in surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 in Holy Qur’an. Therefore, this study of linguistic texts, which enables us to uncover how language is maneuvered to make meaning, has

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope in this study is on investigating the lexical and contextual meaning in Holy Qur‟an translation versions (English-Indonesian) in which it has 114 Surah. This study is limited on Holy Qur‟an Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34. 1.6 Definition of Key Terms

To avoid mistakes of the title, the writer clarifies the terms as the followings:

1. Semantics Analysis

Semantics is the branch of linguistics which is the aspect of language function that relates to understanding the meanings (Caroline Bowen: 2011). It focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs, and symbols.

In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings. It also involves removing features specific to particular linguistic and cultural contexts, to the extent that such a project is possible. The elements of idiom and figurative speech, being cultural, are often also converted into relatively invariant meanings in semantic analysis.

2. Lexical Meaning

The lexical meaning is study of semantics which concerns on the meaning based on the dictionary. Lyons (1995) states lexical meaning is a meaning describes in the lexicon or dictionary. A lexical meaning usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey information to the widest readers. Another case, the meaning of a content word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express content word and open-class word, a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned meaning, signification and import, the message that is intended or expressed or signified.

3. Contextual Meaning

Contextual meaning is the study of semantics which concern with the meaning based on the situation. According to Lyons (1995), contextual meaning is the meaning of word according to the situations in which context is used.

4. Translation

Translation is the most important thing in transferring the source language to the target language.

4. Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34

Surah An-Nisa verse 3 and 34 have different topic. Verse 3 shows polygamy topic, it reveals the right statement of polygamy in guidance of Islam. The real Islamic person must be submissive in Qur’an. It also explains the rules of polygamy in Islam, while verse 34 of this surah states the position men and woman based on Islam perspective and the obligation between men and women as a couple in the family.

Surah An-Nisa verse 3

“And if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan-girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if ye fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice”.

Surah An-Nisa verse 34

“Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more [strength] than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them [first], [Next], refuse to share their beds, [And last] beat them [lightly]; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means [of annoyance]: For Allah is Most High,great [above you all].” ( Abdullah Yusuf Ali: 1987).