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INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study
1.1. International Airport
The system of civil aviation, particularly airports as its crucial facility, has come to be the most substantial element of transportation and one
of the main requirements to 1900s trade and market. The commercial division of civil aviation, containing more than 900 airlines and 22.000 aircraft, had
become the choice of transportation to more than 2 billion passengers and carried 85 million tons of cargo on more than 74 million flights to more than
1700 airports in more than 180 countries worldwide, in 2008 alone Horonjeff, 2010. Furthermore, charter, corporate and private general aviation in the
million were carried out all around the world on thousands of airports, both general and commercial type.
General aviation and commercial service perform as the major means of transportation and moreover the only way reach the outside world in
many remote regions around the world. The influence of commercial aviation industry around the world is considered remarkable, providing more than 2.6
trillion in economic activity, comparable to 8 of the world gross domestic product, and accommodate over 29 million jobs globally. Civil aviation is
accountable for USD 900 billion in economic activity and providing 11 million jobs in the United States alone Horonjeff, 2010.
Airport as the anchor of such an essential factor in global communities had a significant impact on the industry. Airport is a particular
area of land or water including any buildings, installations and equipment intended in whole or in part for the arrival, departure and movement of aircraft
Annex 14 from ICAO, 1999. As the intermediary between land and air commotion, the quality of airport directly affect the continuity and level of
aviation service as a whole. High level facility in terms of complexity such as airports requires a maximum quality and congeniality from all of it’s elements.
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Main elements which serve as the important roles in airports and aviation activities are security protocol, passengers service and air traffic control.
Lack of concern and management in various main and supporting elements of airports has proven to be fatal and sometimes disastrous.
Incapable security system applied in airports leads to criminal activities by individuals and high profile criminal organisations. Organised modus operandi
used by criminals exploits security drawbacks as a loophole for smuggling activities and even terrorism. While security protocol provides safety from
illegal activities, technical issue and maintenance protect flight activity from the danger of aircraft accident which is fatal most of the time. Unqualified
human resources for technical purposes of an aircraft as well as defeiciency in technical procedures, management and equipments required are the main
source of catastophy in aviation. Whereas airport serve a critical role in many aspect of global growth, the existence of airport and the activity it
accommodate have negative impacts, especially on the ecosystem.
1.2. Environmental Effect of Aviation Activities