CHAPTER II METHOD OF STUDY
This study was conducted by applying analytical descriptive method. In Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra dari Strukturalisme Hingga
Prostrukturalisme Perspektif Wacana Naratif 2004:53, Kutha Ratna states that: “Metode deskriptif analitik dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta
yang kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Secara Etimologis deskripsi dan analisis berarti menguraikan. Meskipun demikian, analisis yang berasal dari bahasa
Yunani, analyein ‘ana’ = atas, ‘lyein’ = lepas, urai, telah diberikan arti tambahan, tidak semata-mata menguraikan, melainkan juga memberikan
pemahaman dan penjelasan secukup-cukupnya”
“The Analytical descriptive method is done by describing facts and continued by analyzing those facts. Etymologically, description and analysis means to
elaborate. Nevertheless, analysis that derived from Greek, analyesies ‘ana’ = up, ‘lyein’= decompose have been given another meaning, not only to elaborate, but
also to give the understanding and clarification sufficiently My own translation”. In this study I apply the library research by searching and collecting the
references that contain and support the topics from the library. I also find suitable references from the internet in doing this study. In doing this thesis, I use some
steps as follows:
2.1 Data Collecting Procedure
The first procedure is data collecting. I collect the main sources of the data which are Eugene O’Neill’s play Long Day’s Journey into Night, American
Literature books that discuss about Eugene O’Neill’s literary works and the whole
biography of Eugene O’Neill. I read the play many times to get full understanding about the content of the play.
I also read some American literature books that discuss Eugene O’Neill’s works. In that books stated that Long Day’s Journey into Night as the
autobiographical play by Eugene O’Neill. Thus, I read the biography of Eugene O’Neill to know his autobiography that reflected in Long Day’s Journey into
Night. I mark the important information from those sources which has parallel analogies with the problems of this study.
2.2 Data Selecting Procedure
The second procedure is data selecting. All the data collected in the first step that significant and related to the topic of the study were being selected. All
the information that had been collected was being selected and only the data that very significant were used in the process of making the analysis of this thesis.
2.3 Data Analyzing Procedure
The last procedure is data analyzing. Since I apply analytical descriptive method I analyzed the data by describing all the data selected, that continue with
analyzing then giving the sufficient understanding. I analyze all the selected data to prove what has been planned in the objective of this thesis and finally I can
draw the conclusion for my thesis.
CHAPTER III THE FAMILY BACKGROUND OF EUGENE O’NEILL
In this chapter I am going to write down about the family background of Eugene O’Neill, since this play not only reflects Eugene O’Neill himself but his
family as well. I also give some information about Irish immigrants that went to America and experienced bitterness, poverty then left scars in their future. Orr in
Tragic Drama and Modern Society 1981:165 states that: O’Neill was a second - generation Irishman from a catholic family
which had known poverty on both sides of the Atlantic. His work has to be understood in the context of the second wave of
immigration which took place in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the influx of the poor immigrants whose cheap labor
helped to make the United States the most powerful industrial nation in the world.
From the statement above it can be seen that O’Neill’s parents experienced the extreme childhood poverty since they were Irish immigrants. In order to know
the background of Eugene’s father in raise his sons, I am going to give the history of the Irish immigrants. The history about the Irish immigrants is taken from
David M. Brownstone’s book Facts about American Immigration and also from Roger Daniel’s book Coming to America. Catholic Ireland rose in 1641,
massacring thousands of Protestants in the civil war. A final and decisive war came in 1689, as part of a series of Catholic-Protestant European wars. There a
Protestant army drawn from all over Europe and led by William Orange smashed an Irish-French Catholic army. England would then rule rebellious, defeated
Ireland for 230 years; the form of the even longer Catholic-Protestant conflict in Northern Ireland had been firmly set.
a. Early Immigration
