authoritative and neglectful parenting style in children cognitive academic achievement. This chapter also explains on comparison between an authoritative and a
neglectful parenting style in children social and language skills.
2.2 DEFINITION OF AN AUTHORITATIVE AND NEGLECTFUL
PARENTING STYLE
According to Baumrind 2012, authoritative parenting style applies high degree of warmness, involvement, strictness and supervision. This kind of parents give
independent while set the limits and controls the children actions. The parents also engage in discussion and listen to the children viewpoint. Meanwhile, a neglectful
parenting style can refer to the parents that uninvolved with children. They are not warm and less to interact with children [ CITATION Bau12 \l 1033 ]. According to
Kopko 2007 a neglectful parents are difficult to consider their children’s input in decisions and never care by their children as cited in Baumrind, 1991.
2.2 DEFINITION OF CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT
As children grow from infants to teens to adult by facing the process of developmental changes that are important to all aspects of their developmental Child Development
Institute, n.d. including physical, socialemotional, languagecognitive[ CITATION Irw07 \l 1033 ] and grow and mature at different tempo [ CITATION Med13 \l 1033 ]
Children experience impressive physical changes from birth through teenager[ CITATION Coo05 \l 1033 ].
2.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN AN AUTHORITATIVE AND NEGLECTFUL
PARENTING STYLE IN CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT AND THE RELATION TO THEORY
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The parenting style plays as a main role in the area of educational development [ CITATION Bab15 \l 1033 ]. The kind of power of Authoritative parent is confrontive
power where they reasoned, negotiable, outcome-oriented and concerned with regulating their child’s behavior[ CITATION Bau12 \l 1033 ]. According to Baldwin,
McIntyre and Hardaway 2007, college students that live in an authoritative home revealed more confidence, determine and academic achievement as cited in Strage and
Brandt, 1999. The children from authoritative parents tend to success academically, show few internal or external behavioral problems, score higher on measures of self-
reliance and do show more pro-social behaviors [ CITATION Bal07 \l 1033 ]. According to De Oleveira 2015, authoritative parenting values the person, and the
objective is to encourage the child towards independence and autonomy. She also found that motivation of academic success by parents was positively related with academic
achievement. Differ from neglectful parents as cited in Baumrind 1991 that are not warm and do not take any demands on their teen [ CITATION Kop07 \l 1033 ].
Children that have being neglected show more evidence of delayed cognitive development [ CITATION Bra14 \l 1033 ]. According to Action For Children n.d.,
one of the effects of neglect on children is having poor cognitive such as language delay, lower intellectual ability and inability to concentrate or express feeling.
These Baumrind Parenting style are much related to Piaget’s theory where the theory
related to constructivist point of view. Children build their own individual understandings and knowledge [ CITATION Irw07 \l 1033 ] and therefore the children
develop their cognitive skills through experiences. Besides Piaget’s theory, Baumrind parenting style also much related to Vygotsky’s theory. Vygotsky explored the
relationship between language and though, instruction and development, everydat and academic concept formation and a host of others[ CITATION Ale03 \l 1033 ]. Children
develop more systematic, logical and rational concepts as a result of dialogue with a
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skilled helper. Vygotsky saw words as briefing children scientific concepts [ CITATION DeVnd \l 1033 ]. According to Bronfenbrenner 1994, “human development is going
through the process of progressively more complex reciprocal interaction between an active, evolving biopsychological human organism and the persons, objects, and
symbols in its immediate environment”. This is because; Bronfenbrenner’s theory focuses on the social contexts where people live and the people who influence their
development. Authoritative parenting styles may affect positively of their children development in social contexts compared to neglectful parents. This is because,
children that have been neglected appear more signs of delayed cognitive development, poor language skills, and poor social skills and coping abilities[ CITATION Bra14 \l
1033 ].
3.0 METHODOLOGY SECTION
