H. Techniques of Data Analysis
The interview before and after Classroom Action Research CAR are
used to analyze qualitative data. In this case, the writer collects the entire data
which have been gained. On the other side, to analyze the numerical data, first the writer measures the average or mean
of students’ reading score per action within one cycle. It is used to know how the students’ reading skills are improved. It uses
the formula as below :
2
X : mean x : individual score
n : number of students Next, the writer tries to get the class percentage which pass the
minimal mastery level criterion KKM considering English subject gains score 60 sixty The formula is:
3
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students Th
en, after getting mean of students’ score per actions, the writer identifies whether the students’ improve their understanding of narrative text
2
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
3
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43.
_
∑x X =
── n
F P =
── X 100 N
from pre-test up to post-test 1 in cycle 1 and post-test 2 in cycle 2. The writer uses the formula below to analyze the data :
4
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y1: post-test 1
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y2: post-test 2
4
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Ames:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p.3.
y1 - y P =
─── X 100 y
y2 - y P =
─── X 100 y
32
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
Before the implementation of the action, the writer has divided three parts of data description in order to know the obstacles of
teaching learning in reading activities selectively, those are data observation, data of interview and post-test.
1. Data Description
a. Data from Interview 1. Data from Interview of the Teacher
The interview was conducted by the writer to the English teacher of Mts. Manaratul Islam Jakarta. It was held on December 3
th
2010. The first was an unstructured interview. The word „unstructured’ is perhaps not completely accurate, in that, by
definition, an interview must have some kind of structure otherwise it would simply be a conversation.
1
First, the writer only asked the teacher about problems in the classroom. Furthermore, the writer
conducted structured interview using interview guidelines. Here, the teacher answered some questions about English teaching learning
process at Mts. Manaratul Islam Jakarta. Those were the general
1
Michael J. Wallace, Action Research for Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p.146.
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