Spatial distribution and habitat suitability model for javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) in Ujung Kulon National Park

SEBARAN SPASIAL DAN MODEL KESESUAIAN HABITAT
BADAK JAWA (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822)
DI TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON

U. MAMAT RAHMAT

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2012

Disertasi ini aku persembahkan untuk kedua orang tuaku:
E. Suherman dan Siti Saodah (Almarhumah)

Yang dengan keteladanannya mendidikku, dengan kegigihannya mendukungku,
dengan kebijaksanaannya membimbingku serta dengan kesabarannya dan
keikhlasannya mendoakanku,

Hingga aku mencapai prestasi ini.

Dengan dukungan kasih dan saying dari:

Raudloh Niswati
Farhatuz Zhafira Aulia Rahmat
Dzakiyya Hilmiyyatunnisa Rahmat
Nabila Fadhilatus Salsabila Rahmat
Muhammad Hanif Nurrahmat

Serta doa dan motivasi dari:
Bapak Ahmad Durri Hasan dan Ibu Mahmudah (Almh) (Mertuaku)
Teh Cucu, A Harun, Ceu Popong, A Atep dan Ceu Empoy (Kakak-kakakku)
Encep BW, Yoyoh, Nenden, Ucu Asmawati dan Dede Samsiah (Adik-adikku)

PERNYATAAN
MENGENAI DISERTASI DAN SUMBER INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi Sebaran Spasial dan Model
Kesesuaian Habitat Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) di
Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon adalah karya saya sendiri dengan arahan dari
komisi pembimbing dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan
tinggi manapun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang
diterbitkan maupun yang tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam
teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir disertasi ini.

Bogor, Juli 2012

U. Mamat Rahmat
E361080051

ABSTRACT
U. MAMAT RAHMAT. Spatial Distribution and Habitat Suitability Model for
Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) in Ujung Kulon National
Park. Supervised by YANTO SANTOSA, LILIK BUDI PRASETYO and AGUS
PRIYONO KARTONO.

Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) is the most critically
endangered species (IUCN 2008). Currently, javan rhino distribution is limited to
Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia. Natural disasters, disease,
poaching, encroachment and competition are threats to javan rhino population,
hence it is necessary to establish pockets of habitats outside the UKNP which
should be based on a study of the spatial distribution and habitat selection by the
javan rhino in UKNP as actual habitat. Therefore, the main objective of this study
was to develop a habitat suitability models based on the utilization distribution by

javan rhino in UKNP. The specific objectives are: 1) to determine the utilization
distribution and habitat selection index by javan rhino in UKNP, 2) to identify
dominant habitat components that determine the presence of javan rhinoceros in
UKNP, and 3) to build a habitat suitability model for javan rhino. The study was
carried out in Management Section II area of UKNP, Pandeglang District, Banten
Province. The results showed that javan rhinos were mostly occupied areas
comprised of swampy shrub (w = 2.197) and shrub (w = 2.012), relatively open
habitat (w = 4.233), flat slope (w = 1.313) and sloping areas (w = 1.007), lowland
(w = 1.346), close to river (w = 1.087), close to road network (w = 1.395), close to
coastal beaches (w = 1.862), close to wallowing areas (w = 3.709) and close to
rumpang (open area) (w = 3.783). These indicated that javan rhino selected and
had preferences for its habitat. The other results found that there were eight
components identified to be the crucial for javan rhino habitat and appropriate for
spatial modeling of habitat suitability, i.e. distance from the road, distance from
the wallow, distance from the river, distance from the beach, distance from the
rumpang (open area), slope, elevation and leaf area index. Dominant factor
influencing the frequency of the javan rhino are slope, distance from the rumpang,
distance from the wallow and distance from the beach (P