Kajian biologis maleo yang dipelihara secara ex situ
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JOSEPHINE LOUISE PINKY SAERANG. Study of the Biology of Male0
(M'mphrrlon maleo) Raised Ex siru. Under the supervision of WASMEN
MANALU, IPJlAN RAHAYU HIDAYATI SOESANT'O,and AN1 MARDIASlWTI
An experiment was conto study the growth and developmeat of malms
raised ex siru h m hatching to 60 weeks of age in the Bogani Nani Wartabone
National Pa& B o h q Mongoadow, North Sulawesi ThiTty five eggs were cdected
@n the nahwl egg-hying aw m the park. F i egks were incubated in standard
Qi r j p l b a t o r m a c h i n e a n d 3 0 ~ w e r e i n c u b a t e d i n ~ i n c u b i d o r . O f ~
e#gs incthckl in standsrd incubator, only two hatched on days 80 and 90,
C
n$pectively.Of thirty eggs incubated in seminatlrral inarbator, 22 hatched on days
7Q-80. Tie total of 24 day-old d e o s weae raised ex siru and their growths and
d&elopm&
wffe o h e n d and dup to 60 weeks of age. During the gnrwth
deve1opment period, rnorphoxmby, behavior, and hormonal profiles were
Egg weigb positively correlated to the weight of a day old maleo at
Qtdhg Then was a stmng indidon thsd hager eggs produd male d e o s - At the
a&s of 1 to 5 weeks, malea grrwslowty. At t&eagesof6 to 35 we&s,tbepwth
~ofmaleoincaeasedsignificandyandthedlreacheda~~lmtil60~
I&hg the 60 weeks of age, the length of the retrikes, remiges, tarsus, middle toe,
a& m i l i n 6 1 by 3.8361,4.5672, 1-5097,0.%92,0.1382,and 05301 mdweek,
r&pectivelyy M o r a l obsrvation
that maleo spent 44.47, 224, 13.03,
7 . 1 8 , a n d 2 8 . 1 7 % o f ~ d a y t h n t f o rflying,
~
ea.tin.g,drinlringdigging
a8d resting, respectively. Hormonal a d y & indicated thai the malw o h e d ex sim
& not ~~maturity at me age of^)-108 wee^^^ ~ a u mtestostmmeimd
estrdol concenhations did not sigdicatrtty &sti.npYd, d e from fimale male05
- .
determirred based on DNA de&xmwhon
oh,
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JOSEPHINE LOUSE PINKY SAERANG. Kajian Biologk Maleo yang Dipelihara
Ex Sim. hiimbing oleh WASMEN MANALU, M A N RAHAYU
~Secara
Q
HIDAYATZ SOESANTO, dan AN1 MARDIASTUTI.
Maleo menrpakan salah satu bunmg endemik Sulawesi yang populasinya
terancam punah Gum menjaga eksistensi sekaligus mem*
populasi d e o ,
secaram
kegiatsn ko&.
KO&
bunmg dapat
habitat ahinya), sprti melalui -*krep
bunmg,
m
b
h
m
n habitat dan populasi; dan secara ex sifu (di Im habitat alaminya) salah
s@ di mtamnya d u i pnangLaran Pemmgkmm dapat menyebabkan bunmg
nangalami p e n h h n hgkungan dari alam bebas menjadi tdmtas, temmsak
p&ubahm dalam pmses adapCasi dim t h g h h ].a
kedarianh
Program penetasan dan
p&Adumm secara ex siru perfu dilakukan mtuk pemlllhm populasi d m
s&bgga keleSfatian malea dftrwt terns dijaga Melahri pemahaman ini d' , '
m y a suatu kajian biologi male0 yang dipelihara secara ex siru
Penelitian ini beaiujuan rmtuk meqkaji aspek biologi maleo yang d i p e b
&a
a sinr yang mcliputi pmss petasan, pextumb*
morfometri, tinglrah
l&,~~~nnonreproduksi,sertaprediksi~rmurdanj&k~
b y & 47 butk tehP d e o didapt drni lo& p m e l m maleo di Taman Nasional
dgani ~ s nwata~~,ne.
i
butir tetur digunakan untuk analids fisi~~
dan w w i ,
15 bt& telur dacrsskao
khbmr7dan 30 butir tehP ditaarkan psda pmetapan
s&ah&
TehP d e o memiliki bobt kuning telur yang besar dkomposisi
&aminod~nssamlemat~lmglra~yaitum~~anrmamino~
asam amino nonsembl, acam l
d jeoluh, dan asam lemak tidak jenuh, serta
minw~~mring~dmda,~bcsardmgankompmisiirnrmaminbdanlemak yang le-nglq secara kmefis rnerupkm pedediaan mRlranan sebgai sumber
emrgiyang&i~bagiprosestumbuhkeanbangaaakmaleumulaidaridaiam
tehnsampai~~danuntrltcke~daridalam~
S e b a n y a k 1 5 ~ t e h r r ~ s e c a r a ~ k e A a l a m ~ r d i m
di~(~diputar)~ampaimmdanhrmlah~h-~menetashanyadua
(133%) &qpn lama b k u k i 80 dan 9Q hi.Tehn yang ti&
membs setelab
~ukatslihstkenydsepstiadonankue.Padapenebsmsemialsmidiiuat~
!!#?(=
+
~2~4~4meterberatrrpnrrnbia~lantaidari~berpasiryang
Gksadm ckqm k o f i parehaan a h m i Sebanyak 30 butir tehn malco
c&mkkan
sscara bcrtshap Lc dalam bak dan dilctaldran pada kedalaman 30
hari ke70 smpi 80, sebnyak 22 tehn (73%) mulai mene$as yang &amhi
gcmkzm am& nuder, yang pd&mUmn bermaha m
e tanah yang
Z
~ b ~ ~ 1 y a l m h l l r m ke
~ permbus
JmnlahaDak m a l e o s e b s n y a k 2 4 e k o r 7 ~ ~ ~ k a n d a o g
plhedan setiap minggu diulrur marfometri dsn b o b badan &sii
& mod&
male0 memperiiha&an f m m ylmg unilc selama
-buhan.
Selama umur 60 mhggu, panjang M u ekm7bulu sayap7 tarsus,jari
2
rJ
g p p 0
b2Ji
laaa
* s""3
s
1
*ssa
s==SQ
2%9wq
BBB~Q
nz g Q
$3.
gp
SS$$.,.
QGns
9
p
s
3= x8ez"E 5
P5 E ~. Q Z S
ss 59
cow n'?
Q
SQ 2Qs ~ Q
pz
gS a
ms *Q
aco E L s
g. a.
€ -9 e: "
2.
q p3 *
~ . ZS .E
S
Q
Z
g 93
5 k2
5 28
3
Q
n
3
*
5
-.
gs
9 3
ZT
$ P
,
9
.; 2
f .= 3
Pb
P 35
$ i g
n
Z; e
wn &
Q
E
T??
JOSEPHINE LOUISE PINKY SAERANG. Study of the Biology of Male0
(M'mphrrlon maleo) Raised Ex siru. Under the supervision of WASMEN
MANALU, IPJlAN RAHAYU HIDAYATI SOESANT'O,and AN1 MARDIASlWTI
An experiment was conto study the growth and developmeat of malms
raised ex siru h m hatching to 60 weeks of age in the Bogani Nani Wartabone
National Pa& B o h q Mongoadow, North Sulawesi ThiTty five eggs were cdected
@n the nahwl egg-hying aw m the park. F i egks were incubated in standard
Qi r j p l b a t o r m a c h i n e a n d 3 0 ~ w e r e i n c u b a t e d i n ~ i n c u b i d o r . O f ~
e#gs incthckl in standsrd incubator, only two hatched on days 80 and 90,
C
n$pectively.Of thirty eggs incubated in seminatlrral inarbator, 22 hatched on days
7Q-80. Tie total of 24 day-old d e o s weae raised ex siru and their growths and
d&elopm&
wffe o h e n d and dup to 60 weeks of age. During the gnrwth
deve1opment period, rnorphoxmby, behavior, and hormonal profiles were
Egg weigb positively correlated to the weight of a day old maleo at
Qtdhg Then was a stmng indidon thsd hager eggs produd male d e o s - At the
a&s of 1 to 5 weeks, malea grrwslowty. At t&eagesof6 to 35 we&s,tbepwth
~ofmaleoincaeasedsignificandyandthedlreacheda~~lmtil60~
I&hg the 60 weeks of age, the length of the retrikes, remiges, tarsus, middle toe,
a& m i l i n 6 1 by 3.8361,4.5672, 1-5097,0.%92,0.1382,and 05301 mdweek,
r&pectivelyy M o r a l obsrvation
that maleo spent 44.47, 224, 13.03,
7 . 1 8 , a n d 2 8 . 1 7 % o f ~ d a y t h n t f o rflying,
~
ea.tin.g,drinlringdigging
a8d resting, respectively. Hormonal a d y & indicated thai the malw o h e d ex sim
& not ~~maturity at me age of^)-108 wee^^^ ~ a u mtestostmmeimd
estrdol concenhations did not sigdicatrtty &sti.npYd, d e from fimale male05
- .
determirred based on DNA de&xmwhon
oh,
~~
- s s
2
""3
1
Q a
Q rn
s n
zsscna
S
Z
~
3
gg
Q Q
#
JOSEPHINE LOUSE PINKY SAERANG. Kajian Biologk Maleo yang Dipelihara
Ex Sim. hiimbing oleh WASMEN MANALU, M A N RAHAYU
~Secara
Q
HIDAYATZ SOESANTO, dan AN1 MARDIASTUTI.
Maleo menrpakan salah satu bunmg endemik Sulawesi yang populasinya
terancam punah Gum menjaga eksistensi sekaligus mem*
populasi d e o ,
secaram
kegiatsn ko&.
KO&
bunmg dapat
habitat ahinya), sprti melalui -*krep
bunmg,
m
b
h
m
n habitat dan populasi; dan secara ex sifu (di Im habitat alaminya) salah
s@ di mtamnya d u i pnangLaran Pemmgkmm dapat menyebabkan bunmg
nangalami p e n h h n hgkungan dari alam bebas menjadi tdmtas, temmsak
p&ubahm dalam pmses adapCasi dim t h g h h ].a
kedarianh
Program penetasan dan
p&Adumm secara ex siru perfu dilakukan mtuk pemlllhm populasi d m
s&bgga keleSfatian malea dftrwt terns dijaga Melahri pemahaman ini d' , '
m y a suatu kajian biologi male0 yang dipelihara secara ex siru
Penelitian ini beaiujuan rmtuk meqkaji aspek biologi maleo yang d i p e b
&a
a sinr yang mcliputi pmss petasan, pextumb*
morfometri, tinglrah
l&,~~~nnonreproduksi,sertaprediksi~rmurdanj&k~
b y & 47 butk tehP d e o didapt drni lo& p m e l m maleo di Taman Nasional
dgani ~ s nwata~~,ne.
i
butir tetur digunakan untuk analids fisi~~
dan w w i ,
15 bt& telur dacrsskao
khbmr7dan 30 butir tehP ditaarkan psda pmetapan
s&ah&
TehP d e o memiliki bobt kuning telur yang besar dkomposisi
&aminod~nssamlemat~lmglra~yaitum~~anrmamino~
asam amino nonsembl, acam l
d jeoluh, dan asam lemak tidak jenuh, serta
minw~~mring~dmda,~bcsardmgankompmisiirnrmaminbdanlemak yang le-nglq secara kmefis rnerupkm pedediaan mRlranan sebgai sumber
emrgiyang&i~bagiprosestumbuhkeanbangaaakmaleumulaidaridaiam
tehnsampai~~danuntrltcke~daridalam~
S e b a n y a k 1 5 ~ t e h r r ~ s e c a r a ~ k e A a l a m ~ r d i m
di~(~diputar)~ampaimmdanhrmlah~h-~menetashanyadua
(133%) &qpn lama b k u k i 80 dan 9Q hi.Tehn yang ti&
membs setelab
~ukatslihstkenydsepstiadonankue.Padapenebsmsemialsmidiiuat~
!!#?(=
+
~2~4~4meterberatrrpnrrnbia~lantaidari~berpasiryang
Gksadm ckqm k o f i parehaan a h m i Sebanyak 30 butir tehn malco
c&mkkan
sscara bcrtshap Lc dalam bak dan dilctaldran pada kedalaman 30
hari ke70 smpi 80, sebnyak 22 tehn (73%) mulai mene$as yang &amhi
gcmkzm am& nuder, yang pd&mUmn bermaha m
e tanah yang
Z
~ b ~ ~ 1 y a l m h l l r m ke
~ permbus
JmnlahaDak m a l e o s e b s n y a k 2 4 e k o r 7 ~ ~ ~ k a n d a o g
plhedan setiap minggu diulrur marfometri dsn b o b badan &sii
& mod&
male0 memperiiha&an f m m ylmg unilc selama
-buhan.
Selama umur 60 mhggu, panjang M u ekm7bulu sayap7 tarsus,jari
2