Review of Previous Study

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A study is said to be valid when it is supported with a literacy study. In this chapter I quote and explain some sources related with the topic of this study. This chapter analyzes theory of fiction, concept of family, theory of psychology, developmental theory, and children psychology.

2.1 Review of Previous Study

According to H. Rudolph Schaffer in Introduction Child Psychology, there are differences in the way people think about childhood. He said that parents have certain preconception, often half-formed and unspoken, about the nature of children and the role parents play in their development and these preconception may show interesting variations from one individual to another. At one time psychologists investigated the parent-child relationship entirely in terms of parent actions; now it s appreciated that parental belief must also be taken into account if we are to understand children development. Another research comes from George W. Holden in Parenting: A Dynamic Perspective writes his research in general think about parenting in American society. In his book, he states that Clarke-Stewart 1998 summarized those view by identifying several themes. These are included: a Americans and parents in particular are concerned and even anxious about how children are raised; b child rearing and instruction can improve children; c parents are eager to learn from child-rearing experts; and d child-rearing beliefs shift over time. Research findings are a key contributor to those shifts. Rearing children involve multiple roles including protecting, loving, disciplining, structuring, and monitoring their behavior and well- being. How parents go about those tasks is greatly influence by what they believe about children and child rearing. Those beliefs have been shaped by many sources throughout his story including religious leaders, philosophers, physicians, and psychologists. Dante Cicchetti and Sheree L. Toth in Child Maltreatment: The Research Imperative and Expectation of Result to Clinical Context state that Child maltreatment illustrates how negative care giving experiences pose substantial risk for adversely affection biological and psychological development across a broad range of domain of functioning. The important of parenting particularly during the early years of child life has also been recognized and continues to be hallmark of many resources for parents Brazelton and Sparrow, 2006. Based on Debora Pasaribu research entitled Anna’s Personality Through Sigmund Freud’s Theory in Jody Picoult’s My Sister’s Keeper writes that id makes someone put aside rational and moral to fulfill the desire of libido. Id within human mind tends to legally all way to reach what it wants without seeing negative side which occur other things. Ego tends to stand between id and super-ego. It is a control of balancing the strength of id’s driving the strength of super-ego’s driving. Super- ego tends to bring the moral responsibility to the font. It pushes someone for more consider about another to him. From the researches above, I decide to choose “ Parent’s role in children Psychology Development as Reflected in Jody Picoult My Sister’s Keeper” as the main point of my final project because the phenomenon is quite interesting and important to be learnt.

2.2 Review of Theoretical Background