Analysis Of Meaning Of Phrasal Verbs Found In Jodi Picoult’s Novel “My Sister’s Keeper”

ANALYSIS OF MEANING OF PHRASAL VERBS FOUND IN JODI PICOULT’S NOVEL “MY SISTER’S KEEPER”

A THESIS BY: SANTA MIDUK REG. NO. 070507037

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA FACULTY OF LETTERS

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT MEDAN 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the writer would like to say thanks to our God Almighty for all of His blessing in her life especially in finishing this thesis.

The title of this thesis is An Analysis Of Meaning Of Phrasal Verbs Found In Jodi Picoult’s Novel “My Sister’s Keeper.” This thesis is arranged to fulfill one of the requirements to get a Sarjana Degree in English Department, Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.

In writing this thesis, the writer has been helped by all sides. In this wonderful opportunity, the writer would like to express her biggest thanks to:

1. Prof. Syaifuddin, MA, Ph.D as The Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatra Utara.

2. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as The Head of English Literature Department, University of Sumatra Utara.

3. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as The Secretary of English Literature Department, University of Sumatra Utara.

4. Dra. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as Supervisor in writing this thesis. 5. Dra. Persadanta br. Karo, M. Hum as Co Supervisor in writing this thesis.

6. My beloved Father (N. Sihite) and Mother (A. Silitonga), who have given her motivations, supports, pray and everything that the writer needs in writing this thesis.

7. My beloved sisters and brothers (Farida, Moses, Pranata). 8. My beloved friends (Asna and Debora)

The writer has been trying her best in writing this thesis, but she realizes that this thesis is still far away of being perfect. Therefore, the writer needs all constructive criticism, suggestions or comments from the reader for the improving of this thesis.

Finally, hopefully this thesis can be useful for all the readers especially for all my friends in English Department. God bless us all.

Medan, May 2010 The writer

Santa Miduk

ABSTRACT

Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis Of Meaning Of Phrasal Verbs Found In Jodi Picoult’s Novel “My Sister’s Keeper”, membahas tentang makna Phrasal Verbs yang ditemukan dalam novel. Penulis memilih novel ini sebagai objek penelitiannya karena di dalamnya terdapat peluang besar dalam penggunaan Phrasal Verbs.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan Metode Penelitian Perpustakaan. Data yang diteliti adalah kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung Phrasal Verb dalam novel. Dan untuk mencari partikel yang dominan pada keseluruhan Phrasal Verb yang ditemukan, penulis menggunakan teori Bungin.

Hasil analisis Phrasal Verbs diantaranya adalah: Kalimat yang mengandung Phrasal Verb dalam novel berjumlah 132 kalimat. Penulis telah menemukan makna dari setiap Phrasal verb yang terdapat dalam novel. Selanjutnya, Phrasal Verbs yang memiliki lebih dari satu arti berjumlah 14 buah. Disini, penulis juga telah menemukan arti yang berbeda dari sebuah Phrasal verb. Partikel yang dominan adalah ”up” dimana frekuensi penggunaannya dalam Phrasal Verbs adalah sebesar 48,48%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……… i

ABSTRACT………. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………... iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Analysis……… 1

1.2Problems of the Analysis……… 4

1.3Objectives of the Analysis……….. 4

1.4Scope of the Analysis……….. 4

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Grammar………. 5

2.2 Phrasal Verb……… 6

2.2.1 The Definition of Phrasal Verb……… 6

2.2.2 Meaning of Phrasal Verb……….. 7

2.2.3 Properties of Phrasal Verb………11

2.2.4 The Characteristic of Phrasal Verb……….. 13

2.2.5 Kinds of Phrasal Verb……….. 17

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method……….20

3.2 Data and Source Data………..20

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Data Analysis……….22

4.2 Findings………..22 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions……….45 5.2 Suggestions……….46 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis Of Meaning Of Phrasal Verbs Found In Jodi Picoult’s Novel “My Sister’s Keeper”, membahas tentang makna Phrasal Verbs yang ditemukan dalam novel. Penulis memilih novel ini sebagai objek penelitiannya karena di dalamnya terdapat peluang besar dalam penggunaan Phrasal Verbs.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan Metode Penelitian Perpustakaan. Data yang diteliti adalah kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung Phrasal Verb dalam novel. Dan untuk mencari partikel yang dominan pada keseluruhan Phrasal Verb yang ditemukan, penulis menggunakan teori Bungin.

Hasil analisis Phrasal Verbs diantaranya adalah: Kalimat yang mengandung Phrasal Verb dalam novel berjumlah 132 kalimat. Penulis telah menemukan makna dari setiap Phrasal verb yang terdapat dalam novel. Selanjutnya, Phrasal Verbs yang memiliki lebih dari satu arti berjumlah 14 buah. Disini, penulis juga telah menemukan arti yang berbeda dari sebuah Phrasal verb. Partikel yang dominan adalah ”up” dimana frekuensi penggunaannya dalam Phrasal Verbs adalah sebesar 48,48%.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Analysis

Language plays a very important role in the life of human beings. Language is used as medium to communicate one another, to express our personal reaction towards situation and to stimulate our response in someone else. In short, language is used in order to communicate one with another. They communicate in both spoken and written language.

Language has several functions in human life. Language is used as a mean of communication and to share information. Crystal (1974:3 and 30) says; “Language is most frequently used and most highly developed form of human communication…An act of communication (done by language) is basically the transmission of information of some kind or establish social phenomena, and if it is used, there will be a relationship between an individual and others as well as his or her environment.” Every time we use language (in case to communicate), we are faced with a large array of choices: not only choices of what to say but of how to say it. “How to say” is influenced by many elements in language. One of those elements is Grammar. It is a set of rules that take an important item (Biber, Conrad, and Leech 2002:2).

One part of Grammar is Phrasal Verb. Biber, Conrad, and Leech (2002:124) says: “Phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by an adverbial particle (e.g. carry out, find out, or pick up)”. Particle is a word or a part of a word which has a grammatical purpose but often has little or no meaning. When these adverbial particles are used independently, they have literal meanings signifying location or direction (for examples: out, about,

around, up, down, on, off). However, in Phrasal verbs they are commonly used with less literal meanings. For example, the meanig of find out does not include the “place” meaning of out. There are two major subcategories of phrasal verb: intransitive and transitive. With transitive phrasal verbs the particle can be placed after the direct object. This is the normal word order then the object is a pronoun. For examples:

 I went to Eddi’s house to get back wool plaid shirt.  I’ve got to get this one back for my mom.

 So, she got it back.

Phrasal verb is different from Prepositional verb. Prepositional verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition, such as, look at, talk about, listen to. Preposition is a word which is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun, connecting it to another word. For example: “We jumped in the lake”. The work “in” is a preposition. All Prepositional verbs take a prepositional object, i.e. the noun phrase that occurs after the preposition.

Phrasal verb could have difficult meaning because the meaning of the compound is often different from the meaning of the individual parts (Allosop, 1982:210). Phrasal verb sometimes has idiomatic meaning. That is why sometimes it is difficult for us to understand the meaning of a phrasal verb. In order to avoid misunderstand in speaking or writing something, it is very important to understand phrasal verbs. Besides, people can not speak or understand English well without knowing phrasal verbs. The increase of using phrasal verbs will obviously enrich the vocabularies of the learner. Moreover we sometimes find that a phrasal verb has more than one meaning in any context. For examples:

2. We couldn’t get over it. We wondered how many bricks it took to do that.

In the first sentence “get over” means overcome. And in the second sentence ‘get over’ means understand. We can find that one phrasal verb may have more than one meaning in different context. Studying the meaning of phrasal verb and analyzing phrasal verb that has more than one meaning are an interesting case for the writer to analyze since the writer read one student’s thesis that took this topic in her thesis. She is Fatimah Hanna Hsb (Reg No 960705016) and the title of her thesis is “An Analysis Of Phrasal Verbs Used In Bill Manhoff’s Play The Owl And The Pussy Cat”. As it is stated in her suggestions, whoever interested in analyzing Phrasal Verb, he/she can do further analyses in more detail then she has done. And in this opportunity, the writer tries to analyze the same topic, Phrasal Verb, in her thesis.

Conversation and Fictions use Phrasal verbs much more frequently than news and academic prose do (Biber, Conrad, and Leech 2002:128). In analizing Phrasal verb, the writer pays attention to Fiction. One kind of ficton is novel. Here, the writer tries to analyze the kinds and meaning of phrasal verb in the “Jodi Picoult”s novel “My Sister’s Keeper”. The writer chooses this novel because this novel is one of the bestseller in New York Times and is wriiten by a bestselling author, Jodi Picoult.

1.2 Problem of the Analysis

In this analysis, there are some questions or problems that needed to be answered. These questions are:

1. What is the meaning of phrasal verbs found in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper” ?

2. What phrasal verbs have more than one meaning found in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper”?

3. Which particle is dominantly used in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper” in order to know whether the particle used can be related with the title.

1.3 Objectives of the Analysis

By doing this analysis the writer wants to achieve some objectives stated as follows:

1. To identify the meaning of phrasal verbs in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper”, whether they are literal or idiomatic meaning.

2. To get the hrasal verbs found in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper” which have more than one meaning.

3. To find the most dominant particle used in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper” in order to know whether the particle used can be related with the title.

1.4 Scope of the Analysis

In analyzing the problems, some aspects can be discussed. But in this thesis the writer makes a limitation to the analysis. Here, the writer only focuses on the analysis of the use of phrasal verbs found in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper”. This analysis deals with the meaning, kinds of phrasal verbs and frequency of particles used.

CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Grammar

Grammar has been taken an important part of how to write or speak something. One study of grammar is Verb. However, there are many different kinds of verbs, including lexical auxuliary verbs, different semantic classes, single-word verb, and multi-word verb. (Biber, Conrad, and Leech 2002:103).

Multi-word verbs fall into:  Phrasal verbs  Prepositional verbs

 Phrasal-prepositional verbs

Phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by an adverbial particle (for examples: carry out, find out, or pick up). When these adverbial particles are independently, they have literal meanings signifying location or direction (for examples: out, up, down, over,around, off). However, in phrasal verbs they are commonly used with less literal meanings. For example, the meaning of find out does not include the “place” meaning of out.

Prepositional verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition, such as look at, talk about, listen to.

Phrasal-prepositional verbs contain both an adverbial particle and a preposition, as in get away with.

2.2 Phrasal Verb

2.2.1 The Defenition of Phrasal Verb

To get more information about phrasal verbs, here are definitions from some linguists:

 Trask, (1977:169) says, “Phrasal verb: a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part.”

 Wishon, Burks (1980: 319) says: “Phrasal verb consists of a simple verb + 1 or two particle where the meaning of the compound is often different from the meaning of the individual parts.”

 Crowell (1964: 401) says: “Phrasal verb is combination of a verb and a particle which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words.”

 Kollin, Martha, and Rober Funk (1998:35) says: “Phrasal verb only form a idiom, a phrase whose meaning cannot be predicted from the meaning of its parts.”  Allosop (1982: 210) says; “A phrasal verb consists of a simple verb + 1 or two

particles where the meaning of the compound is often different from the meaning of the individual parts”

 Downing and Locke (1992:335) stated: “Phrasal verbs examined so far display a high degree of semantic cohesiveness and idiomaticy”. This statement and explanation from this book help me to give more information about the meaning of phrasal verbs clearly.

 Geoffrey Leech (1975:263) in his book “A Communicatice Grammar of English” stated: “Some phrasal verbs retain the individual meaning of the verb and the adverb, whereas for other phrasal verbs the meaning of combinations can not be built up from the meanings of the individual verb and adverb”. This book helps me to know about the differences between phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs and how to use phrasal verbs effectively in a sentence.

2.2.2 Meaning of Phrasal Verb

Some phrasal verbs retain the individual meaning of the verb and the adverb (for example: sit down) whereas for other phrasal verbs the meaning of the combination can’t be built up from the meanings of the individual verb and adverb. The meaning of a verb may be no clue to its meaning in an idiomatic verb-adverb combination. We will notice that phrasal verbs are mostly made up of popular words. They are used in both formal and informal speech.

First,we have to know the meanings and structures of phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and free combinations differ in many ways. However, just two criteria are usually sufficient of distinguishing among the types of multi-word conbinations, they are:

 Whether or not there is an idiomatic meaning  Whether or not particle movement is possible

1. An idiomatic meaning is especially useful when there is no following noun phrase to distinguish between an intransitive phrasal verb and a free combination. Intransitive phrasal verbs usually have an idiomatic meaning while the words in free combinations retain their own meanings. For examples, the intransitive phrasal verbs, come on, shut up, get up, get out, break down, and grow up. All have idiomatic meanings beyond the

separate meanings of the two parts (for examples: grow up means to act/ become more mature, not literally to grow in an upward direction). In contrast, both the verb and the adverb have separate meanings in free combinations like come back, come down, go back, go in, look back.

In sentences:

 Intransitive phrasal verbs: Shut up you fool!

Come on! Tell us then!

 Intransitive free combinations:

If this was new, I wouldn’t let people go in. Come back, or I’ll fire.

He was afraid to look back.

When following noun phrase, tests using structure are more important than those involving idiomatic meaning. The first important test is particle movement: that is, whether the adverbial particle can be placed both before and after the object noun phrase. Transitive phrasal verbs allow particle movement. In the following examples the object noun phrase is shown in brackets.

 I went to Eddie’s girl’s house to get back [my wool plaid shirt].  I’ve got to get [this one] back for her mom.

 K came back and picked up [the note].  He picked [the phone] up.

When the object of a transitive phrasal verb is a pronoun, the adverbial particle is almost always after the object:

 I’ll pick them up.  So I got it back.

2. Particle movement is not possible with prepositional verbs. Instead, the particle (actually, a preposition) always comes before the noun phrase that is the object:

For examples:

 Well those kids are waiting for their bus.

<compare: *Well those kids are waiting their bus for.>  It was hard to look at him.

<compare: *It was hard to look him at.>

 Availability depends on their being close to the root.

<compare: *Availability depends their being close on to the root.>

Studying phrasal verbs is like studying vocabularies. They form and take an essential part of the general vocabulary of English. It is the individual items of vocabularies. A description of how the vocabulary of the language is growing and changing will help to place phrasal verbs in perspective.

According to Biber, Conrad, and Leech (2002:123) the meanings of phrasal verb are usually idiomatic meanings.

The meaning of idiomatic is not clear. The words in them do not mean what they ought to mean. According to Angela Downing and Philip Locke (1982:234) phrasal verb examined so far display a high degree of semantic cohesiveness and idiomaticy. They can be divided into three degrees, they are: non-idiomatic, semi-idiomatic, and fully idiomatic.

 In non-idiomatic combination, the lexical verb and the adverbial particle each keeps its own meaning.

For examples Go down : Temperature went down last night.

Put up : Put up your umbrella, it’s starting to rain.

The meaning of these verb-adverb combinations can be predicted easily. The particle indicates the direction of movement, while the lexical verb indicates the manner.

 In semi-idiomatic combination, the lexical verb generally speaking, keep its meaning while the particle is used as an intensifier or as an aspectual marker of perfectively in the sense of completion.

For examples: 1. I’ll cut up the meat for the child. Cut up means cut into pieces. 2. The sound of thunder died away. Died away means gradually disappear.

3. We never found out who sent the anonymous letter. Found out means discover.

 In fully idiomatic combination, the meaning of the whole cannot be deduced from the parts,

For examples 1. He can run up the cake in an hour. Run up means make.

2. The students catch on quickly. Catch on means understand.

3. The police came and broke up the mass. Broke up means disperse.

2.2.3. Properties of Phrasal Verbs

Traditional grammarians define a phrasal verb as a verb followed by a particle (variously described as a preposition, adverb, or some the combination of the two).

For examples:

 I put back the book.

Put back means replace.  We will look into the problem.

Look into means investigate.  She will talk over the case later.

Talk over means discuss.  I got up at 5 a.m yesterday.

Got up means arise.

Certain particles such as up, down, on, off, and back can be readily for phrasal verbs combining with common verbs such as come, go, do, make and give. (For these particles and verbs, we will discuss them in the characteristics of phrasal verbs)

According to Wishon and Burks (1980:320) the properties of Phrasal verbs are: 1. Tense formal and verbs

Phrasal verbs operate with all auxiliaries, that is, all the tenses and other constructions, like any other verbs. They occur in verbal (participle, infinitive, and gerund) form.

For examples:

1. Has Mr. Liberti looked into the coats of boat travel? (present perfect) 2. She can’t find out the sailing dates. (with modal auxiliary)

3. Anyone else would have given up long ago. (with modal auxiliary) 4. Looking up phone numbers takes all her time. (gerund)

5. She wants to line up my different offerings, than compare them. (infinitive) 6. Soon she will have been told off by all the travel agencies in town. (future

perfect tense) 2. Sentences patterns

Like other verbs, some phrasal verbs are in certain sentence patterns and some in others. Verbs not followed by + a/an objects (intransitive verbs) occur in the noun + verb + adverbial pattern. Phrasal verbs in this pattern are not separated. They tend to be combinations that can not be separated without a change in meaning.

For examples:

1. We get up at five o’clock every morning. 2. Did Rubin get off on time?

3. Did the monster get away?

Verbs followed by an object (transitive verbs) occur in the noun + verb + noun pattern.

Not many phrasal verbs (and not many verbs in general) are used in the noun + verb + noun + noun pattern. When a phrasal verb occurs, its parts tend to be separated by the indirect object.

For examples:

1. Mix me up a large salad.

Phrasal verbs are not found in the sentence patterns using linking verbs, noun + linking verb + noun/ adjective (honey is sweet) and noun + linking verb + adverbial (the honey in on the shelf), nor in there transformation of this pattern (there is a jar of honey on the table).

The description that can be taken from explanations and examples above is that phrasal verbs occur primarily in the noun + verb + noun pattern. A small number of verbs can be used in the noun + verb + noun + noun pattern.

2.2.4 The Characteristics of Phrasal Verbs

In learning phrasal verbs, we have to know the characteristic of phrasal verbs. An important fact which must be stressed is that phrasal verbs are not only colloquial expressions, as many people believe. They can appear in formal style and slung. Crowell (1964:402) says “phrasal verbs are extremely frequent in conversation and in all but the most formal writing. Phrasal verb that almost all of the words which make them up are very common.”

The verbs are usually these:

Give go get pass see do

Take carry call pick catch stand come Break put hold bring try throw

Particles are usually these:

About around back over down off Through across away forward on up

The way in which the words are put together is often odd, illogical or even grammatically incorrect. These are the special features of phrasal verbs.

It is difficult to identify those phrasal verbs. So to recognize them, whether they are phrasal verb or prepositional phrase, it is important to recognize the characteristics of phrasal verbs firstly. According to Downing and Locke (1982:234) classified the characteristics of phrasal verbs by put them in sentences, and how to identify them clearly.

For examples:

Sentence 1: We have already set up the database.

Sentence 2: Something sparkled at the bottom of the trunk. 1. Put them in Question:

In sentence 1: The particle and the noun group could not answer a question about circumstances.

 Where you have already set?

Answer: Up the database (unrelated answer)

In sentence 2: The preposition + noun group could answer a question about circumstances

 Where did something sparkle? Answer: At the bottom of the trunk.

2. In sentence 1: The particle and the noun group cannot be omitted both without either producing an ungrammatical clause or changing the basic meaning of the verb.

 We have already set. (?)

In sentence 2: Both preposition and noun group can be omitted and the clause will still be grammatical and the basic meaning of the verb will not change.

 Something sparkled.

3. In sentence 1: The particle and the following noun group cannot be moved as one constituent to the beginning of the clause.

 Up the database we have already set.

In sentence 2: The preposition and noun group can be moved to the beginning of the clause.

 At the bottom of the trunk something sparkled.

4. In sentence 1: The particle can be moved to a position following the noun group and in fact must be moved to this position when the noun group is pronoun.

 We have already set the database up.  We have already set it up.

In sentence 2: The particle can’t be moved to a position following the noun group.  Something sparkled the bottom of the trunk at.

5. In Sentence 1: The noun group following the particle could become the subject of a passive version of the clause.

 The database has been already set up.

In sentence 2: The noun group following the preposition cannot become the subject of a passive version of the clause.

 The bottom of the trunk was sparkled at. (incorrect)

6. In sentence 1: The constituent of verb plus particle can be replaced by a single word verb with similar meaning.

 We have already established the database.

In sentence 2: There is no similar meaning for sparkled at for “at” is a preposition.

By explanation above, we can see that the characteristics of phrasal verbs clearly found in sentence 1, whereas sentence 2, it is not phrasal verb.

Other examples:

 The boys are called up the stairs.  The boy called up his friends.

The verb call in the first sentence has customary meaning of “speak loudly”, and up has its customary meaning of “from below to a higher point”. However, the second sentence, the words call and up have the meaning of the verb “telephone”. So in the first sentence, the combination of call and up is not classified as phrasal verbs, but in the second sentence, the combination of call and up is classified as a phrasal verb.

2.2.5 Kinds of Phrasal Verb

After discussing about the properties of phrasal verbs, now we will discuss the following chapter that is about kinds of phrasal verbs.

According to Biber (1999:403) Phrasal verbs in English fall into one of two categories: transitive or intransitive. Transitive phrasal verbs are those that occur with a direct object. In semantic terms, the direct object is the entity or thing that is affected by the action described by the verb. Intransitive phrasal verbs are those that do not.

There are two kinds of phrasal verbs, they are: 1) Separable phrasal verbs

2) Inseparable phrasal verbs 2.5.5.1 Separable Phrasal Verbs

According to Wishon (1980:321) define that when phrasal verbs are transitive, they usually can be separated. The object is placed between the verb and the particle. Phrasal verbs are used in the same way as normal verbs.

For examples:

we put back the book verb particle noun object It can be: We put the book back or We put it back.

The point to keep in mind is that when a two-word verb is followed by an object noun, we have the option of separating the verb and the adverb, but when the phrasal verb is followed by object pronoun, we must separate the verb and the adverb.

a) We took apart the bicycle. We took it apart.

Took apart means ‘disassemble’

b) He promised to help me, but then he let me down.

Let (someone) down means ‘disappoint (by failing to act as expected/promised)’ c) We found out the truth.

We found it out.

Found out means ‘discover’. d) We talked over the situation.

We talked it over.

Talked over means ‘discuss’.

2.5.5.2 Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Intransitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. For examples:  Come on, tell me about Nick.

 Hold on! What are doing there?

But some transitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. The object is placed after the particle. Transitive Inseparable Phrasal verbs are marked by placing ‘a/an’ after the preposition / adverb (Wishon and Burks, 1980:320).

For examples:

 I run into an old friend yesterday. <Incorrect: I run an old friend into yesterday.> Run into means ‘meet’.

Made up means ‘create’.

 I came across an interesting article. <Incorrect: I came an interesting article across.>

Came across means ‘find’.

The difference of separable and inseparable phrasal verbs are, in speech, the particle separable phrasal verb usually receives more stress than the verb, but the particle of an inseparable verb does not.

Another difference between the two kinds of phrasal verbs arises when a short, one syllable pronoun like me, you, him, and them is used as an object. The pronoun object is placed before a separable particle, and it is placed after an inseparable particle, for examples :”The man will call them up”. Compare with “The man call up them” (incorrect).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Method

In writing this thesis, the writer used library research method. As quoted from Nawawi (1993:30) “Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik di perpustakaan maupun di tempat-tempat lain.”

(Library research is done by collecting the data from any kinds of source in the library or any other places).

All the informations were gathered from the relevant text books that are concerned with the phrasal verbs.

3.2 Data and Source Data

The source of the data is the novel My Sister’s Keeper. The novel consists of 52 chapters and 423 pages. The data are sentences that contain Phrasal Verbs taken from all the chapters.

3.3 Data Analyzing Method

In the analysis, a descriptive method is used. As quoted from Nawawi (1993: 63): “Metode deskriftif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan atau melukiskan keadaan subyek atau obyek penelitian (seseorang, lembaga, masyarakat, dll) pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau sebagaimana adanya”.

(Descriptive Method is a way in solving a problem by describing the fact of subject/object of the research as the way they are).

To get the dominantly particle used in this novel, I apply Bungin formula (2005: 171-172):

n = fx/N x 100%

n = percentage of the particle

fx = the total number of one type of particle N = the total number of all types of particle The techniques of analysis are:

1. Reading all the novel.

2. Collecting the data about phrasal verbs.

3. Elaborating on their meaning whether they are literal or idiomatic meaning according to the context provided.

4. Identifying those phrasal verbs which have more than one meaning. 5. Dividing all of the kinds of particle.

CHAPTER IV THE ANALYSIS

After discussing about the theories of phrasal verbs on the previous chapter, now I will apply them in Jodi Picoult’s novel “My Sister’s Keeper”. I analyze all the chapters in the novel.

In analyzing the data, I will analyze them chapter by chapter. In addressing the sentence that includes phrasal verbs, I will write them in brackets []. “p” means page, “l” means line.

Here they are: Chapter 1:

1. Other kids my age were busy looking up the words penis and vagina in the classroom dictionary……..[p 7.l 4]

In this context “looking up” means searching.

2. I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material…..[p 7, l 22]

In this context “hook up” means combine.

3. …….., I wonder if someone will look at my locket I’m about to give up, and ask these some questions. [p8,l18]

In this context “give up” means hand something over.

4. …….., and eyes sunk so deep I can’t imagine how he sees well enough to go about his business.[p8, l20]

In this context “go about” means operate.

5. ………we’ve been too busy looking over our shoulders to run headlong into growing up. [p9, 28]

In this context ”growing up” means become adult or mature.

6. Nearly every time Kate’s hospitalized, I wind up there too. [p10, l10] In this context “wind up” means become extinct.

7. Sometimes I think Jesse sets up these obstacles him self, just……[p14,l 9] In this context “sets up” means establish.

8. “You’ll screw up the condensing coil.” [p 15,l 2]

In this context “screw up” means to crush roughly in the hand.

9. Jessie laughs and takes a swig, too, although for him it goes down easier. [p15,l 11]

In this context “goes down” means be remembered. 10.I find myself making up explanation. [p17,l 12]

In this context “making up” means arrange.

11.I take out all the newspaper clippings,…..[p18,l 14] In this context “take out” means put outside.

12.……, and then he picks up the article lying on top. [p18,l 16]. In this context “picks up” means take.

13.The bruises and the deep bone ache after I gave up my marrow,…[p18,l 30] In this context “gave up” means offer.

Chapter 2

In this context “get up” means to rise up from one position. 15.…., and you can not get around it……[p23,l 25]

In this context “get around” means avoid.

16.…and will jack up my pro bono for the whole damn decade…..[p23,l 16] In this context “jack up” means produce.

17.But a GAL is theoretically only looking out for you, not…..[p23,l 26] In this context “looking out” means watching, paying attention.

Chapter 3

18.At the sound of her name, Kate blinks up from my lap….[p31,l 29] In this context “blinks up” means jumps.

Chapter 4

19.Paulie adds, and the other guy cracks up…….[p42,l 20] In this context “cracks up” means laughs loudly.

Chapter 5

20.….and whisk me off to our castle in Monaco or Rumania and….[p49,l 8] In this context “whisk off” means bring.

21.The thing is, the first person I call to crow over my fortune would be Kate….[p49,l 11]

In this context “crow over” means show.

22.“…They just transplant the new one into you and hook it up.”…..[p50,l 7] In this context “hook up” means connect.

23.I pointed out……[p55,l 11]

24.When I hold my palm up under her nose to see….[p57,l 23] In this context “hold up” means cause something to be close 25.She holds out her arms and I crawl into them,….[p58,l 26]

In this context “holds out” means cause something to extend. Chapter 6

26.His name alone has put me off. [p59,l 8]

In this context “put off” means to discourage someone from doing something. 27.Suzanne, ten years my senior, took up the slack. [p60,l 13]

In this context “took up” means to overcome.

28.……., in the hopes that we can kill off the diseased cells….[p62,l 13] In this context “kill off” means to destroy something.

29.…..-to wipe out all the leukemic cells. [p64,l 2] In this context “wipe out” means to destroy totally. 30.…he murmurs to her each time he spits up,….[p65,l 4]

In this context “spits up” means to force out the contents of the mouth especially saliva.

31.He holds up his finger, festooned with…[p65,l 24] In this context “holds up” means raise hand.

32.“It’s possible that unrelated donor will crop up on the national marrow registry.” [p66,l 4]

In this context “crop up” means appear unexpectedly.

33.Without an explanation I get to my feet and pick up the planter. [p66,l 17] In this context “pick up” means to get something.

34.He stars to walk toward his office, holding up the pot. [p66,l 5] In this context “holding up” means to take hold of.

35.….shaking so hard that she’s knocked a lamp off her nightstand. [p68,l 24] In this context “knocked off” means stop.

36.…..asking why we need to get up,….[p69,l 7] In this context “get up” means awake.

37.She pushes a button and holds out her arms to me. [p71,l 8] In this context “holds out” means extend hand.

Chapter 8

38.…..,the kind soccer players wear when they take off their cleats….[p86,l 7] In this context “take off” means remove.

39.….., when Kate was in the hospital to get her kidneys checked out,….. [p87,l 10] In this context “check out” means take.

40.….., until Campbell cut her off…….[p 88,l 22]

In this context “cut off” means to stop something (speech).

41.She holds up her hand like the privacy partition in a cab…..[p89,l 12] In this context “holds up” means lift (hand).

Chapter 9

42. “Checked this out”….[p93,l 7]

In this context “checked out” means take. 43.….under my jacket and take off…….[p95,l 14]

In this context “take off” means remove.

In this context “ran off” means leave. Chapter 10

45.“Get it out.”, I tell him…..[p104,l 4]

In this context “get out” means to put outside. Chapter 11

46.I say, and my sister cracks up……[p108,l 14] In this context “cracks up” means laugh loudly.

47.I rummage in my purse and pull out my driver’s license…..[p109,l 22] In this context “pull out” means to put outside.

48.The system breaks down……[p112,l 17]

In this context “breaks down” means can not work. Chapter 12

49.After he hang up on me,…..[p117,l 3]

In this context “hang up” means to end a telephone conversation. 50.…but it turned out that in the litany of rules about…..[p121,l 1]

In this context “turned out” means it’s now known, although it was not before. 51.I hold up the medical records,….[126,l 6]

In this context “hold up” means to make something to be close. Chapter 13

52.….and pulling up the puddle of pants by their suspenders…..[p131,l 13] In this context “pulling up” means to tidy up.

53.“You want a cigarette?” Jesse cracks up……[p132,l 19] In this context “cracks up” means laugh loudly.

54.….,beaming up at the cold hawkeye sun…..[p138,l 3] In this context “beaming up” means smile.

Chapter 14

55.The bells went off, too, but…..[p141,l 2] In this context “went off” means ring loudly.

56.“Pull up a chair.” I call over my shoulder….[p142,l 27]

In this context “pull up” means move something towards your self 57.A line of firefighters backed him up;…..[p144,l 8]

In this context “backed up” means help.

58.The horseradish turned out to be surprisingly good….[p145,l 19]

In this context “turned out” means it’s row known, although it was not before. 59.….., because when we finally pried him out and set him on a

back-board…..[p146,l 11]

In this context “pried out” means out of something .

60.She swooped down beside the EMT from the second crew.….[p146,l 20] In this context “swoop down” means squat

61.I took off my gloves and wiped my hands across my eyes.….[p146,l 25] In this context “took off” means removed.

Chapter 15

62.He’s an egotistical dickhead who’s going to chew up and spit you out.…. [p150,l 7]

In this context “chew up” means to damage. 63.I let mine grow out.….[p152,l 10]

In this context “grow out” means to appear from below, arise. 64.Seven wiped up a spill I’d made without noticing. [p152,l 11]

In this context “wiped up” means to dry something wet by cloth. 65.A few moments later, she hangs up. [p153,l 4]

In this context “hang up” means to end a telephone conversation. 66.I’d break up with someone.….[p154,l 14]

In this context “break up” means to end a personal relationship. 67.I didn’t answer, just got up on one elbow.….[p156,l 1]

In this context “got up” means to rise from one position.

68.I pressed my hand up against the thick ridge in his pants. [p156,l 14] In this context “pressed up” means to push something firmly.

69.Sara holds out her hand. [p158,l 10] In this context “hold out” means to offer. 70.Sara cuts me off. [p158,l 31]

In this context “cut off” means to stop something (speech)

71...but it also managed to break down my kidneys.….[p160,l 21] In this context “break down” means to make a failure to work 72.…..check out that squirrel.[p161,l 23]

In this context “check out” means to look at. Chapter 16

73.….then pulls up the hem and rubs the bruise.[p164,l 14] In this context “pulls up” means to tidy up.

In this context “get up” means to rise up from one position.

75.…and realize this is what he has used to pull off his braces. [p167,l 11] In this context “pull off” means to succeed in doing something difficult. 76.….as the nurses slide Anna off my lap.….[p170,l 19]

In this context “slide off” means to remove.

77. Fill the bowl with bottled water, and maybe he’ll perk up. [p177,l 2] In this context “perk up” means become happy.

Chapter 17

78. She pulls out the paper inside and reads it.….[p180,l 14] In this context “pulls out” means to put outside.

Chapter 18

79. He smacks the file folder shut and gets up. [p186,l 5] In this context “get up” means to stand up.

80. Gotta sit down every now and then to take the pressure off. [p186,l 14] In this context “take off” means make disappear.

81. She and her dad took off a while ago. [p186,l 17] In this context “took off” means leave.

82.…..to keep her from being pressured to call off the lawsuit. [p187,l 25] In this context “call off” means to cancel.

Chapter 19

83. Shrugging, I pull a Labatt’s out of the fridge. [p191,l 4] In this context “pull out” means to put outside.

In this context “knock off” means stop. Chapter 20

85.We’re working some things out. [p194,l 3] In this context “working out” means clear up

86. I don’t shack up with forty-two-year-old guys too often, either. [p195,l 21] In this context “shack up” means to start to live together as sexual partner without being married.

87. I took a deep breath and leaped off the cliff….. [p196,l 25] In this context “leaped off” means to jump.

88. Anna blinks from her bed as the bells go off….. [p197,l 15] In this context “go off” means ring loudly.

89. Red hauls off the hospital as I move around….. [p198,l 16] In this context “hauls off” means to drive in a hurry.

90.…..hooking up the oxygen tank….. [p198,l 17] In this context “hooking up” means to fit.

91. I do a quick cardiac strip and then pick up the radio….. [p198,l 26] In this context “pick up” means take .

92. If we could find it when the sun came up….. [p 200,l 22] In this context “came up” means rise.

Chapter 21

93. Frankly, after the hearing yesterday I was pissed off….. [p 203,l 12] In this context “pissed off” means disappointed.

In this context “come up” means mention.

95. I pick up another piece of antipasto. [p 208,l 14] In this context “pick up” means snatch.

96. Right now, every time Anna’s mom confronts her, she backs off. [p 208,l 19] In this context “backs off” means go back.

97. Did I get it off. [p 210,l 4]

In this context “get off” means clean.

98. ….as we stripped off our clothes and wadded into the Bay. [p 210,l 11] In this context “stripped off” means remove .

99.Did you do it to piss off your parents. [p 216,l 14] In this context “piss off” means annoy.

100…and takes off at a dead run to the firehouse….. [p 218,l 9] In this context “takes off” means run.

Chapter 22

101.Over his shoulder I could see the girl pinking up….. [p 221,l 30] In this context “pinking up” means start to be healed.

Chapter 23

102. Zanne shows up the night before we are due to go to the hospital…..[p 227,l 17] In this context “shows up” means come.

103. …..and I catch her up on daily routines. [p 227,l 20] In this context “catch up” means tell something.

104. Zanne reaches into her pocket and takes out a check….. [p 228,l 2] In this context “takes out” means put outside.

105. Brian picks up the check and hands it back to her. [p 228,l 6] In this context “picks up” means take away.

106.….and takes the TV remote out of my hand. [p 231,l 2]

In this context “takes out ” means to move in order to hold something in hands. 107. I walk out of the swinging door and peel off my paper hat and booties. [p 232,l

22]

In this context “peel off ” means remove slowly and carefully. 108.….he has taken three weeks off from the station. [p 235,l 20]

In this context “taken off ” means get (holiday). 109. I took that money out. [p 237,l 17]

In this context “took out ” means put outside.

110.…..she has come with me to pick Anna up from kindergarten……[p 238,l 23] In this context “pick up ” means to go and get.

111. …..she begs off . [p 238,l 26]

In this context “begs off ” means refuse. Chapter 24

112. I wound up that day at the middle of an intersection…..[p 247,l 10] In this context “wound up ” means to come in an unexpected situation. Chapter 25

113. ….we all still manage to screw it up. [p 249,l 19] In this context “screw up ” means make into disorder. 114. I pick up the extension in the kitchen area…..[p 254,l 2]

115. After all, a had never seen him pull out a map. [p 255,l 15] In this context “pull out ” means leaf through.

Chapter 26

116. ….and her thumb pushes down on the button every now and then….[p 258,l 1] In this context “pushes down ” means shift.

Chapter 27

117. …..if things don’t wind up the way we all wish they would for Kate...[p274,l 2] In this context “wind up ” means register.

Chapter 28

118. He pulls off his own deck shoes…..[p 279,l 7] In this context “pulls off ” means remove. 119. Anna turned it down. [p 282,l 23]

In this context “turned down ” means refuse. Chapter 29

120.….so that I can grow up. [p 288,l 24]

In this context “grow up ” means become adult or mature. 121. I bet she took off. [p 289,l 11]

In this context “took off ” means escape.

122. I swing into the lobby to pick Anna up along the way. [p 293,l 5] In this context “pick up ” means to go and get.

123. …and needles were put into the crests of her hips to draw out the marrow. [p 297,l 11]

Chapter 30

124.…how quickly a kid can shut off an energy a witch…..[p 300,l 26] In this context “shut off ” means kill.

Chapter 31

125. ….that immunocompromised patients can’t fight off. [p 318,l 23] In this context “fight off ” means against.

126. You going to wave us off. [p 319,l 1]

In this context “wave off ” means become free. Chapter 32

127. I blurt out. [p 325,l 30]

In this context “blurt out ” means to say something suddenly. Chapter 33

128. ….., and with his heavy glove, picks up a cigarette butt…..[p329,l 7] In this context “picks up” means pick.

Chapter 34

129.Frankly, it pisses me off. [p 333,l 5]

In this context “pisses off” means to annoy someone. Chapter 35

130.Brian show up with Anna early the next morning, wearing…..[p343,l 9] In this context “show up” means appear.

Chapter 43

131.……, to take off his trousers…..[p381,l 14] In this context “take off” means remove.

Chapter 52

132.I wonder if it will ever let up……..[p406,l 26] In this context “let up” means stop.

A phrasal verb may have more than one meaning. By analyzing the data, the writer finds 15 kinds of phrasal verbs that have more than one meaning, they are:

1. Hook up

 I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material…..[p 7, l 22]

In this context “hook up” means combine.

 “…They just transplant the new one into you and hook it up.”…..[p50,l 7] In this context “hook up” means connect.

 …..hooking up the oxygen tank….. [p198,l 17] In this context “hooking up” means to fit. 2. Wind up

 Nearly every time Kate’s hospitalized, I wind up there too. [p10, l10] In this context “wind up” means become extinct.

 I wound up that day at the middle of an intersection…..[p 247,l 10] In this context “wound up ” means to come in an unexpected situation. 3. Screw up

 “You’ll screw up the condensing coil.” [p 15,l 2]

 ….we all still manage to screw it up. [p 249,l 19] In this context “screw up ” means make into disorder. 4. Take out

 I take out all the newspaper clippings,…..[p18,l 14] In this context “take out” means put outside.

 ….and takes the TV remote out of my hand. [p 231,l 2]

In this context “takes out ” means to move in order to hold something in hands. 5. Pick up

 ……, and then he picks up the article lying on top. [p18,l 16]. In this context “picks up” means take.

 I pick up another piece of antipasto. [p 208,l 14] In this context “pick up” means snatch.

 …..she has come with me to pick Anna up from kindergarten……[p 238,l 23] In this context “pick up ” means to go and get.

 I pick up the extension in the kitchen area…..[p 254,l 2] In this context “pick up ” means lift up.

 ….., and with his heavy glove, picks up a cigarette butt…..[p329,l 7] In this context “picks up” means pick.

6. Get up

 With a sigh, I get up. [p20,l 21]

In this context “get up” means to rise up from one position.  …..asking why we need to get up,….[p69,l 7]

 He smacks the file folder shut and gets up. [p186,l 5] In this context “get up” means to stand up.

7. Hold up

 When I hold my palm up under her nose to see….[p57,l 23] In this context “hold up” means cause something to be close  He holds up his finger, festooned with…[p65,l 24]

In this context “holds up” means raise hand. 8. Hold out

 She holds out her arms and I crawl into them,….[p58,l 26] In this context “holds out” means cause something to extend.  Sara holds out her hand. [p158,l 10]

In this context “hold out” means to offer. 9. Wipe out

 …..-to wipe out all the leukemic cells. [p64,l 2] In this context “wipe out” means to destroy totally.

 Seven wiped up a spill I’d made without noticing. [p152,l 11] In this context “wiped up” means to dry something wet by cloth. 10. Take off

 …..,the kind soccer players wear when they take off their cleats….[p86,l 7] In this context “take off” means remove.

 Gotta sit down every now and then to take the pressure off. [p186,l 14] In this context “take off” means make disappear.

In this context “took off” means leave.

 ….he has taken three weeks off from the station. [p 235,l 20] In this context “taken off ” means get (holiday).

 I bet she took off. [p 289,l 11]

In this context “took off ” means escape. 11. Check out

 ….., when Kate was in the hospital to get her kidneys checked out,….. [p87,l 10] In this context “check out” means take.

 …..check out that squirrel.[p161,l 23] In this context “check out” means to look at. 12. Pull out

Pull out (no.47) : put outside Pull out (no.115) : leaf through 13. Pull up

 ….and pulling up the puddle of pants by their suspenders…..[p131,l 13] In this context “pulling up” means to tidy up.

 “Pull up a chair.” I call over my shoulder….[p142,l 27]

In this context “pull up” means move something towards your self 14. Pull off

 …and realize this is what he has used to pull off his braces. [p167,l 11] In this context “pull off” means to succeed in doing something difficult.  He pulls off his own deck shoes…..[p 279,l 7]

15. Come up

 If we could find it when the sun came up….. [p 200,l 22] In this context “came up” means rise.

 I start to come up with one of my ready replies….. [p 204,l 3] In this context “come up” means mention.

Kinds of particle used in this novel are: up, about, around, over, down, out, off. They will be put on the table.

Particle Chapter

About Around Down Off Over Up Out

1 1 1 10

2 1 2 1

3 1

4 1

5 1 2 2

6 3 7 2

8 2 1 1

9 2 1

10 1

11 1 1 1

12 2 1

13 3

14 1 2 2 2

15 1 1 6 3

16 2 3

17 1

18 3 1

19 1 1

20 3 4 1

21 6 2

22 1

23 3 4 3

24 4

25 2 1

26 1

27 1

28 1 1

30 1

31 2

32 1

33 1

34 1

35 1

43 1

52 1

Total number 1 1 6 35 1 64 24 Total (%) 0,75% 0,75% 4,5% 26,5% 0,75% 48,48% 18,18%

From the table above we can conclude that:

Particle up is dominantly used in this novel; it is about 48,48% from the total number of data. Then followed by the particle off; 26,5%, and particle out. Particle down takes 4,5%. There are three particles which have same percentage and they are also the lowest particle used in this novel, they are: particle about: 0,75%, particle around 0,75%, and particle over : 0,75% from the total number of data.

The particle “up” has taken the biggest percentage from other particles. So, why is this particle is dominantly used in this novel? Does it have relation with the title “My Sister’s Keeper?”. The writer takes three particles that have bigger percentage from six particles that are used in this novel. The first particle is “up”. The meanings of the word “up” are:

1. Higher position For examples:  pick up :

*….., and with his heavy glove, picks up a cigarette butt…..[p329,l 7]. In this context “picks up” means pick.

 get up :

*He smacks the file folder shut and gets up. [p186,l 5]. In this context “get up” means to stand up.

 come up:

* If we could find it when the sun came up….. [p 200,l 22] In this context “came up” means rise.

 grow up:

*………we’ve been too busy looking over our shoulders to run headlong into growing up. [p9, 28]

In this context ”growing up” means become adult or mature. 2. Vertical

For example:  Blinks up

* At the sound of her name, Kate blinks up from my lap….[p31,l 29] In this context “blinks up” means jumps.

3. Combining form For example:  Hook up

* I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material…..[p 7, l 22]

In this context “hook up” means combine. 4. Moved very near

For example:  Hook up

*…..hooking up the oxygen tank….. [p198,l 17] In this context “hooking up” means to fit.

5. Together For example:  Shack up

* I don’t shack up with forty-two-year-old guys too often, either. [p195,l 21] In this context “shack up” means to start to live together as sexual partner without being married.

6. Stop

For examples:  let up

*I wonder if it will ever let up……..[p406,l 26] In this context “let up” means stop.

 hang up

* After he hang up on me,…..[p117,l 3]

In this context “hang up” means to end a telephone conversation.

. While the phrasal verb “back up” means help, and “pinking up” means healing. The meaning of “Keeper” is a person who takes care something or someone. All the phrasal verbs that use particle “up” support more the action that is done by a keeper

like set up, give up, make up, jack up, pick up, back up, pinking up, etc than the phrasal verbs that use another particle. So, the writer concludes that the usage of particle “up” as the dominant particle in this novel relates with the title of the novel. While the less dominantly particle of Phrasal Verb in this novel is “around”. The meanings of the word “around” are in a position or direction surrounding, about or approximately, positioned or moving in or near a place. Each meaning doesn’t relate with the title.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

From the analyses and discussions in the previous chapters, the writer would like to draw the following conclusions in order to complete her research findings. There are 132 numbers of Phrasal Verbs that are found on the data that taken from the novel. Some of them are separable and some are inseparable.

From the numbers of Phrasal Verbs, the writer found that there are 15 kinds of Phrasal Verbs which have more than one meaning, they are hook up, wind up, screw up, take out, pick up, get up, hold up, hold out, wipe out, take off, check out, pull out, pull up, pull off, come up. The meanings of those Phrasal Verbs depend on the context and helped by the meaning from the dictionary. And in the last finding, the writer finds all the particles that used in all Phrasal Verbs on the novel. The purpose of this searching is to know whether the dominantly particle used can be related with the title of the novel. And after the searching, the writer finds that particle up is dominantly used in this novel; it is about 48,48% from the total number of data. Then followed by the particle off; 26,5%, and particle out. Particle down takes 4,5%. There are three particles which have same percentage and they are also the lowest particle used in this novel, they are: particle about: 0,75%, particle around 0,75%, and particle over : 0,75% from the total number of data.

5.2 Suggestions

The writer realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. So, if there are other ideas to make this thesis be better, she would like to accept them with great pleasure and she will be very grateful indeed.

The writer suggests the readers especially the students who are interested in this topic to do further analyses in more detail especially about the meaning in Phrasal Verbs.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Azwar, Syaifuddin.2004. Metode Penelitian: Yogyakarta. Pustaka Pelajar

Bungin, Burhan. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial: Format-Format Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Surabaya. Airlangga University Press

Cambridge International Dictionary of English.1995.New York: Cambridge University Press

Chapman, L. R. H. 1964. English Grammar and Exercise Book 1. London: Longman Group

Crystal. D. 1980. Linguistics. New York: Penguin Book Ltd

Douglas, Biber and Geoffrey Leech. 2002. Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. China: Longman

Downing, Angela and Philip Locke. 1992. A University Course in English Grammar. New York: Prentice Hall International (UK) LTD

Lunsford, A. Andrea .2001. The Everyday Writer. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martin’s Murphy, J.D.1985. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Nandi, Nilon.2000.The Study Of Grammar And Written Expression For Good English. Kuala Lumpur: SAM Publishing Co. LTD

APPENDIX

All the data (sentences contain Phrasal Verb) in this thesis: Chapter 1

1. Other kids my age were busy looking up the words penis and vagina in the classroom dictionary……..[p 7.l 4]

2. I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material…..[p 7, l 22]

3. …….., I wonder if someone will look at my locket I’m about to give up, and ask these some questions. [p8,l18]

4. …….., and eyes sunk so deep I can’t imagine how he sees well enough to go about his business.[p8, l20]

5. ………we’ve been too busy looking over our shoulders to run headlong into growing up. [p9, 28]

6. Nearly every time Kate’s hospitalized, I wind up there too. [p10, l10] 7. Sometimes I think Jesse sets up these obstacles him self, just……[p14,l 9] 8. “You’ll screw up the condensing coil.” [p 15,l 2]

9. Jessie laughs and takes a swig, too, although for him it goes down easier. [p15,l 11]

10.I find myself making up explanation. [p17,l 12] 11.I take out all the newspaper clippings,…..[p18,l 14]

12.……, and then he picks up the article lying on top. [p18,l 16].

Chapter 2

14.With a sigh, I get up. [p20,l 21]

15.…., and you can not get around it……[p23,l 25]

16.…and will jack up my pro bono for the whole damn decade…..[p23,l 16] 17.But a GAL is theoretically only looking out for you, not…..[p23,l 26] Chapter 3

18.At the sound of her name, Kate blinks up from my lap….[p31,l 29] Chapter 4

19.Paulie adds, and the other guy cracks up…….[p42,l 20] Chapter 5

20.….and whisk me off to our castle in Monaco or Rumania and….[p49,l 8]

21.The thing is, the first person I call to crow over my fortune would be Kate….[p49,l 11]

22.“…They just transplant the new one into you and hook it up.”…..[p50,l 7] 23.I pointed out……[p55,l 11]

24.When I hold my palm up under her nose to see….[p57,l 23] 25.She holds out her arms and I crawl into them,….[p58,l 26] Chapter 6

26.His name alone has put me off. [p59,l 8]

27.Suzanne, ten years my senior, took up the slack. [p60,l 13]

28.……., in the hopes that we can kill off the diseased cells….[p62,l 13] 29.…..-to wipe out all the leukemic cells. [p64,l 2]

31.He holds up his finger, festooned with…[p65,l 24]

32.“It’s possible that unrelated donor will crop up on the national marrow registry.” [p66,l 4]

33.Without an explanation I get to my feet and pick up the planter. [p66,l 17] 34.He stars to walk toward his office, holding up the pot. [p66,l 5]

35.….shaking so hard that she’s knocked a lamp off her nightstand. [p68,l 24] 36.…..asking why we need to get up,….[p69,l 7]

37.She pushes a button and holds out her arms to me. [p71,l 8] Chapter 8

38.…..,the kind soccer players wear when they take off their cleats….[p86,l 7] 39.….., when Kate was in the hospital to get her kidneys checked out,….. [p87,l 10] 40.….., until Campbell cut her off…….[p 88,l 22]

41.She holds up her hand like the privacy partition in a cab…..[p89,l 12] Chapter 9

42.“Checked this out”….[p93,l 7]

43.….under my jacket and take off…….[p95,l 14]

44.“When Anna ran off, Kate wouldn’t let me into her room….[p96,l 28] Chapter 10

45.“Get it out.”, I tell him…..[p104,l 4] Chapter 11

46.I say, and my sister cracks up……[p108,l 14]

47.I rummage in my purse and pull out my driver’s license…..[p109,l 22] 48.The system breaks down……[p112,l 17]

Chapter 12

49.After he hang up on me,…..[p117,l 3]

50.…but it turned out that in the litany of rules about…..[p121,l 1] 51.I hold up the medical records,….[126,l 6]

Chapter 13

52.….and pulling up the puddle of pants by their suspenders…..[p131,l 13] 53.“You want a cigarette?” Jesse cracks up……[p132,l 19]

54.….,beaming up at the cold hawkeye sun…..[p138,l 3] Chapter 14

55.The bells went off, too, but…..[p141,l 2]

56.“Pull up a chair.” I call over my shoulder….[p142,l 27] 57.A line of firefighters backed him up;…..[p144,l 8]

58.The horseradish turned out to be surprisingly good….[p145,l 19]

59.….., because when we finally pried him out and set him on a back-board…..[p146,l 11]

60.She swooped down beside the EMT from the second crew.….[p146,l 20] 61.I took off my gloves and wiped my hands across my eyes.….[p146,l 25] Chapter 15

62.He’s an egotistical dickhead who’s going to chew up and spit you out.…. [p150,l 7]

63.I let mine grow out.….[p152,l 10]

64.Seven wiped up a spill I’d made without noticing. [p152,l 11] 65.A few moments later, she hangs up. [p153,l 4]

66.I’d break up with someone.….[p154,l 14]

67.I didn’t answer, just got up on one elbow.….[p156,l 1]

68.I pressed my hand up against the thick ridge in his pants. [p156,l 14] 69.Sara holds out her hand. [p158,l 10]

70.Sara cuts me off. [p158,l 31]

71...but it also managed to break down my kidneys.….[p160,l 21] 72.…..check out that squirrel.[p161,l 23]

Chapter 16

73.….then pulls up the hem and rubs the bruise.[p164,l 14] 74.I can’t seem to make my self get up.….[p165,l 31]

75.…and realize this is what he has used to pull off his braces. [p167,l 11] 76.….as the nurses slide Anna off my lap.….[p170,l 19]

77.Fill the bowl with bottled water, and maybe he’ll perk up. [p177,l 2] Chapter 17

78.She pulls out the paper inside and reads it.….[p180,l 14] Chapter 18

79.He smacks the file folder shut and gets up. [p186,l 5]

80.Gotta sit down every now and then to take the pressure off. [p186,l 14] 81.She and her dad took off a while ago. [p186,l 17]

82.…..to keep her from being pressured to call off the lawsuit. [p187,l 25] Chapter 19

83.Shrugging, I pull a Labatt’s out of the fridge. [p191,l 4]

Chapter 20

85.We’re working some things out. [p194,l 3]

86.I don’t shack up with forty-two-year-old guys too often, either. [p195,l 21] 87.I took a deep breath and leaped off the cliff….. [p196,l 25]

88.Anna blinks from her bed as the bells go off….. [p197,l 15] 89.Red hauls off the hospital as I move around….. [p198,l 16] 90.…..hooking up the oxygen tank….. [p198,l 17]

91.I do a quick cardiac strip and then pick up the radio….. [p198,l 26] 92.If we could find it when the sun came up….. [p 200,l 22]

Chapter 21

93.Frankly, after the hearing yesterday I was pissed off….. [p 203,l 12] 94.I start to come up with one of my ready replies….. [p 204,l 3] 95.I pick up another piece of antipasto. [p 208,l 14]

96.Right now, every time Anna’s mom confronts her, she backs off. [p 208,l 19] 97.Did I get it off. [p 210,l 4]

98.….as we stripped off our clothes and wadded into the Bay. [p 210,l 11] 99.Did you do it to piss off your parents. [p 216,l 14]

100.…and takes off at a dead run to the firehouse….. [p 218,l 9] Chapter 22

132.Over his shoulder I could see the girl pinking up….. [p 221,l 30] Chapter 23

133.Zanne shows up the night before we are due to go to the hospital…..[p 227,l 17] 134.…..and I catch her up on daily routines. [p 227,l 20]

135.Zanne reaches into her pocket and takes out a check….. [p 228,l 2] 136.Brian picks up the check and hands it back to her. [p 228,l 6] 137.….and takes the TV remote out of my hand. [p 231,l 2]

138.I walk out of the swinging door and peel off my paper hat and booties. [p 232,l 22]

139.….he has taken three weeks off from the station. [p 235,l 20] 140.I took that money out. [p 237,l 17]

141.…..she has come with me to pick Anna up from kindergarten……[p 238,l 23] 142.…..she begs off . [p 238,l 26]

Chapter 24

143.I wound up that day at the middle of an intersection…..[p 247,l 10] Chapter 25

144.….we all still manage to screw it up. [p 249,l 19]

145.I pick up the extension in the kitchen area…..[p 254,l 2] 146.After all, a had never seen him pull out a map. [p 255,l 15] Chapter 26

147.….and her thumb pushes down on the button every now and then….[p 258,l 1] Chapter 27

148.…..if things don’t wind up the way we all wish they would for Kate...[p274,l 2] Chapter 28

149.He pulls off his own deck shoes…..[p 279,l 7] 150.Anna turned it down. [p 282,l 23]

Chapter 29

151.….so that I can grow up. [p 288,l 24] 152.I bet she took off. [p 289,l 11]

153.I swing into the lobby to pick Anna up along the way. [p 293,l 5]

154.…and needles were put into the crests of her hips to draw out the marrow. Chapter 30

155.…how quickly a kid can shut off an energy a witch…..[p 300,l 26] Chapter 31

156.….that immunocompromised patients can’t fight off. [p 318,l 23] 157.You going to wave us off. [p 319,l 1]

Chapter 32

158.I blurt out. [p 325,l 30] Chapter 33

159.….., and with his heavy glove, picks up a cigarette butt…..[p329,l 7] Chapter 34

160.Frankly, it pisses me off. [p 333,l 5] Chapter 35

161.Brian show up with Anna early the next morning, wearing…..[p343,l 9] Chapter 43

162.……, to take off his trousers…..[p381,l 14] Chapter 52

32.“It’s possible that unrelated donor will crop up on the national marrow registry.” [p66,l 4]

33.Without an explanation I get to my feet and pick up the planter. [p66,l 17] 34.He stars to walk toward his office, holding up the pot. [p66,l 5]

35.….shaking so hard that she’s knocked a lamp off her nightstand. [p68,l 24] 36.…..asking why we need to get up,….[p69,l 7]

37.She pushes a button and holds out her arms to me. [p71,l 8]

Chapter 8

38.…..,the kind soccer players wear when they take off their cleats….[p86,l 7] 39.….., when Kate was in the hospital to get her kidneys checked out,….. [p87,l 10] 40.….., until Campbell cut her off…….[p 88,l 22]

41.She holds up her hand like the privacy partition in a cab…..[p89,l 12]

Chapter 9

42.“Checked this out”….[p93,l 7]

43.….under my jacket and take off…….[p95,l 14]

44.“When Anna ran off, Kate wouldn’t let me into her room….[p96,l 28]

Chapter 10

45.“Get it out.”, I tell him…..[p104,l 4]

Chapter 11

46.I say, and my sister cracks up……[p108,l 14]

47.I rummage in my purse and pull out my driver’s license…..[p109,l 22] 48.The system breaks down……[p112,l 17]

Chapter 12

49.After he hang up on me,…..[p117,l 3]

50.…but it turned out that in the litany of rules about…..[p121,l 1] 51.I hold up the medical records,….[126,l 6]

Chapter 13

52.….and pulling up the puddle of pants by their suspenders…..[p131,l 13] 53.“You want a cigarette?” Jesse cracks up……[p132,l 19]

54.….,beaming up at the cold hawkeye sun…..[p138,l 3]

Chapter 14

55.The bells went off, too, but…..[p141,l 2]

56.“Pull up a chair.” I call over my shoulder….[p142,l 27] 57.A line of firefighters backed him up;…..[p144,l 8]

58.The horseradish turned out to be surprisingly good….[p145,l 19]

59.….., because when we finally pried him out and set him on a back-board…..[p146,l 11]

60.She swooped down beside the EMT from the second crew.….[p146,l 20] 61.I took off my gloves and wiped my hands across my eyes.….[p146,l 25]

Chapter 15

62.He’s an egotistical dickhead who’s going to chew up and spit you out.…. [p150,l 7]

63.I let mine grow out.….[p152,l 10]

64.Seven wiped up a spill I’d made without noticing. [p152,l 11] 65.A few moments later, she hangs up. [p153,l 4]

67.I didn’t answer, just got up on one elbow.….[p156,l 1]

68.I pressed my hand up against the thick ridge in his pants. [p156,l 14] 69.Sara holds out her hand. [p158,l 10]

70.Sara cuts me off. [p158,l 31]

71...but it also managed to break down my kidneys.….[p160,l 21] 72.…..check out that squirrel.[p161,l 23]

Chapter 16

73.….then pulls up the hem and rubs the bruise.[p164,l 14] 74.I can’t seem to make my self get up.….[p165,l 31]

75.…and realize this is what he has used to pull off his braces. [p167,l 11] 76.….as the nurses slide Anna off my lap.….[p170,l 19]

77.Fill the bowl with bottled water, and maybe he’ll perk up. [p177,l 2]

Chapter 17

78.She pulls out the paper inside and reads it.….[p180,l 14]

Chapter 18

79.He smacks the file folder shut and gets up. [p186,l 5]

80.Gotta sit down every now and then to take the pressure off. [p186,l 14] 81.She and her dad took off a while ago. [p186,l 17]

82.…..to keep her from being pressured to call off the lawsuit. [p187,l 25]

Chapter 19

83.Shrugging, I pull a Labatt’s out of the fridge. [p191,l 4]

Chapter 20

85.We’re working some things out. [p194,l 3]

86.I don’t shack up with forty-two-year-old guys too often, either. [p195,l 21] 87.I took a deep breath and leaped off the cliff….. [p196,l 25]

88.Anna blinks from her bed as the bells go off….. [p197,l 15] 89.Red hauls off the hospital as I move around….. [p198,l 16] 90.…..hooking up the oxygen tank….. [p198,l 17]

91.I do a quick cardiac strip and then pick up the radio….. [p198,l 26] 92.If we could find it when the sun came up….. [p 200,l 22]

Chapter 21

93.Frankly, after the hearing yesterday I was pissed off….. [p 203,l 12] 94.I start to come up with one of my ready replies….. [p 204,l 3] 95.I pick up another piece of antipasto. [p 208,l 14]

96.Right now, every time Anna’s mom confronts her, she backs off. [p 208,l 19] 97.Did I get it off. [p 210,l 4]

98.….as we stripped off our clothes and wadded into the Bay. [p 210,l 11] 99.Did you do it to piss off your parents. [p 216,l 14]

100.…and takes off at a dead run to the firehouse….. [p 218,l 9]

Chapter 22

132.Over his shoulder I could see the girl pinking up….. [p 221,l 30]

Chapter 23

133.Zanne shows up the night before we are due to go to the hospital…..[p 227,l 17] 134.…..and I catch her up on daily routines. [p 227,l 20]

136.Brian picks up the check and hands it back to her. [p 228,l 6] 137.….and takes the TV remote out of my hand. [p 231,l 2]

138.I walk out of the swinging door and peel off my paper hat and booties. [p 232,l 22]

139.….he has taken three weeks off from the station. [p 235,l 20] 140.I took that money out. [p 237,l 17]

141.…..she has come with me to pick Anna up from kindergarten……[p 238,l 23] 142.…..she begs off . [p 238,l 26]

Chapter 24

143.I wound up that day at the middle of an intersection…..[p 247,l 10]

Chapter 25

144.….we all still manage to screw it up. [p 249,l 19]

145.I pick up the extension in the kitchen area…..[p 254,l 2] 146.After all, a had never seen him pull out a map. [p 255,l 15]

Chapter 26

147.….and her thumb pushes down on the button every now and then….[p 258,l 1]

Chapter 27

148.…..if things don’t wind up the way we all wish they would for Kate...[p274,l 2]

Chapter 28

149.He pulls off his own deck shoes…..[p 279,l 7] 150.Anna turned it down. [p 282,l 23]

Chapter 29

151.….so that I can grow up. [p 288,l 24] 152.I bet she took off. [p 289,l 11]

153.I swing into the lobby to pick Anna up along the way. [p 293,l 5]

154.…and needles were put into the crests of her hips to draw out the marrow.

Chapter 30

155.…how quickly a kid can shut off an energy a witch…..[p 300,l 26]

Chapter 31

156.….that immunocompromised patients can’t fight off. [p 318,l 23] 157.You going to wave us off. [p 319,l 1]

Chapter 32

158.I blurt out. [p 325,l 30]

Chapter 33

159.….., and with his heavy glove, picks up a cigarette butt…..[p329,l 7]

Chapter 34

160.Frankly, it pisses me off. [p 333,l 5]

Chapter 35

161.Brian show up with Anna early the next morning, wearing…..[p343,l 9]

Chapter 43

162.……, to take off his trousers…..[p381,l 14]

Chapter 52