In 42 Kabupatens and Cities and 5 Provinces in Indonesia
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By contrast, several areas spent less than 10 of their education budgets on direct expenditure BL programs. Such was the situation in the city of Padang and the kabupaten of Garut especially in the last
two years surveyed: in 2007-08, they managed to spend 13 of their education funds on BL programs, but in 2009 and 2010 the proportion was just 5. Sleman also consistently allocated no more than
between 4 and 8 of its education budget for BL programs. The kabupatens of North Aceh, Sumedang, Boyolali, Malang and Situbondo and the city of Surakarta also appropriated less than 5 of
their education budgets for BL programs, most notably in 2010. This may have been because central government transfers earmarked for BL were not available for inclusion in original 2010 budgets APBD-
Ms
—one of the documents used in this part of our analysis.
6.3 Ratio Between Education Expenditure and PupilTeacher Numbers
The ratio between expenditure on education and the number of primary and junior secondary teachers tended to be higher in cities than in kabupatens. On average, city governments surveyed
—except for Surakarta, Pekanbaru and Pekalongan
—appropriated Rp 23.3 mteacheryear as indirect expenditure BTL on education. That number was higher than average expenditure in all 36 kabupatens and cities
studied. Indeed in five cities —Palembang, Pontianak, Palangka Raya and Padang Panjang—BTL was
higher still: Rp 30 mteacheryear or Rp 2.4 mteachermonth. By contrast in two kabupatens in South Sulawesi
—Wajo and Bone—BTL on education was less than Rp 10 mteacheryear, probably because of large numbers of non-civil service teachers in those areas.
Graph 6.10 Total Teachers and Average Level of Indirect Expenditure of Education Budgets Per Teacher, 2007-10, Based on Constant 2007 Prices
This graph is available only in the Indonesian text of this publication Source: APBD-Rs for 2007-09, APBD-Ms for 2010 and Education Statistics Ministry of National Education processed by the LBS team.
In 30 of the 37 kabupatens and cities studied the ratio between direct education spending and the student population was less than Rp 1 mstudentyear graph 6.11. Indeed, in the kabupatens of
Malang, Cilicap and Garut all with large pupil populations and Sleman which has relatively few pupils, the ratio between direct expenditure BL and pupil numbers over the four years studied was only
Rp 250 000pupilyear or a mere Rp 21 000pupilmonth. The city of Padang Panjang, however,
— with just 8 500 pupils in primaryjunior high school
—managed to appropriate BL of Rp 2.8 mpupilyear. Six other regions with relatively small pupil populations
—the kabupatens of West Sumbawa and North Aceh and the cities Pekanbaru, Palangka Raya, Pontianak and Pekalongan
—had BL appropriation levels of between Rp1 m and Rp 1.8 mpupilyear.
Graph 6.11 Ratio between Student Numbers and Levels of Direct Education Expenditure, 2007-10, Based on Constant 2007 Prices
This graph is available only in the Indonesian text of this publication Source: APBD-Rs for 2007-09, APBD-Ms for 2010 and Education Statistics Ministry of National Education, processed by the LBS team.
6.4 Programs Supporting Increased School Participation Rates
