Setting REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 1

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2.5 Setting

Background related to elements that gives the impression of an abstract about the environment, both place and time, where the characters perform its role. This setting is usually realized by creating conditions that complement the story. Both in the dimension of time and place, a setting can be created from the place and time of imaginary or factual. And the most decisive for the success of setting, in addition to the description, is how novelist combine characters with background in which they carry out their role. Taylor 1981:69 says that setting is major factor in the formulation of subject matter and directed influence on the expression theme. As in the case of the other factors, however, setting needs to be realistic, nor, in fact, even physical. Historical time past, present or future is very effective for certain narratives and an accurate geographical location advisable, but is also possible to set a fiction in some vague undertermined time, omitting historical references altogether in order to achieve a sense of timelessness and universality. Physical setting may be localizes in a particular and known place or an unspecified and unfamiliar region, depending on the author’s particular need. Setting is background of story that describe place, time, and atmosphere in a novel. Abrams in Siswanto 2008:173 says, “Setting is general local, historical time, and social circumstance in every episode or part of place. But Hamalian in Siswanto 2008:149 says, “that setting in fiction not just place, time, event the atmosphere and objects in a particular environment, but also can be the Universitas Sumatera Utara 10 athmosphere related attitudes, way thingking, and lifestyle of a community in response to particular problem. Hamalian 1967:59 stated the setting is not only a perticular time and a particular place, or a very substance of a region, but also how the people things, how the react, their prejudices, their insanities, and their lifestyle with all elements that related indirectly. Conflict is dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot. Conflict has become a broad term in literary works and it now includes almost any problem the protagonist may have. It can encompass a struggle between the protagonist and another creature, obstacles society puts in the protagonist’s way, a battle againts nature, a mystery unraveled, or internal and emotional issues being solved. Conflict is considered an important event which is a supporting element of the plot in the plot development. Nurgiyantoro 1995:122 says, “Conflict is something, refer to the action and retaliation.” It means conflict is something that is dramatic, referring to the struggle between two forces are balanced and suggest the action and counter action. Given the conflict of the plot will be more easily determined.

2.6 Point of view