Table 3.1 The description of the test items
No Prepositions of
Place Question Number
Total
Easy 30 1, 11, 22,
Moderate 60 3, 5,8, 10, 14, 26 1
In Difficult 10
30 9
Easy 30 7, 19
Moderate 60 2, 9, 16, 18, 21 2
At Dificult 10
27 8
Easy 30 1, 12, 13, 20
Moderate 60 4, 6, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 29 3
On Difficult 10
28 13
From the table of specification for the test item, the writer divided them into easy 30, moderate 60 and difficult 10 after decided the
types of prepositions of place, they are in, at and on.
G. Techniques of Analyzing the Data
Data analysis is the last step in the procedure of experiment, in this case, processing the data. Data processing is the step to know the result of both the
experimental class and the controlled class and also their differences. To find out the differences of students’ score in using pictures in
teaching prepositions compared to the students’ score that without using pictures in teaching prepositions, the writer used Anas Sudijono’s formula
30
to analyze the data namely t-test.
Before using the t-test formula, the writer has to seek the differences of mean variables by using formula as follows:
30
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta :PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2004, p.282
M
1
= M’ + N
fx Σ
and M
2
= M’ + i Σ
N fy
Note : M
1
: Mean variable of experiment class M
2
: Mean variable of controlled class M’ : The value of mean ‘mean taksiran’
: Interval class : frequency of experiment class
: Frequency of controlled class N
1
: The total of number of students in experiment class N2 : The total number of students in controlled class
And after getting mean variables, the writer has to seek the standard of deviation of variable and standard error mean of variable by using formula as
follows :
1. SD
1
= i
2 2
2
N fx
N fx
Σ −
Σ
2. SD
2
= i
2 2
2
N fy
N fx
Σ −
Σ
3. SE
M1
= 1
1 1
− N
SD
4. SE
M2
= 1
2 2
− N
SD
Note : SD
1
: Standard of deviation from experiment class SD
2
: Standard of deviation from controlled class SE
M1
: Standard error mean of variable from experiment class SE
M2
: Standard error mean of variable from controlled class : The total frequency of experiment class
: The total frequency of controlled class N
1
: The total number of student in experiment class N
2
: The total number of student in controlled class The next step is seeking the standard error mean difference of variables by
using formula as follows :
SE
M1-M2
=
2 2
2 1
M M
SE SE
+ Then the last step is determining t-test by using formula :
t
o
=
2 1
2 1
M M
SE M
M
−
−
Note : t
o
: The value of ‘t’observation
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
This chapter presents and discusses data description, test of hypothesis, and data discussion.
A. Data Description
