Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

As we know literary work has several genres such as drama, prose, and poetry. Every genre has its special characteristic, so we can distinguish easily. Poetry had been created for a long time ago. For example, the story of Mahabharata from India or also Shakespeare works such as Hamlet, Mcbeth, etc is formed in poetry. However, poetry is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in poetic drama, hymns or lyrics. 1 In creating poem, most frequently poets concentrate the language, shorten it, give it rhyme with harmonic sounds and rather take ambiguity words. The diction is taken precisely, so the poem has power in its meaning. Even though its words are very concentrated, it still has great power in expressing its massage or theme. Thus, a kind of what poets attempt is choosing diction that has the same 1 http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPoetry . Accessed on May 26, 2008 rhyme. Those words represent much more meaning. And it is no wonder if we will frequently find connotation rather than denotation. Speaking about choosing a harmonic rhyme, the poets in the modernism era made a sort of revolution in the paradigm and also the form of poetry. The modern that has relation to poetry signifies more than chronological recentness. Modernism is an enterprise of the mind in which many poets, over several generations and in different countries, sough to change most of the assumptions about what poets write and what poetry does. 2 In the beginning of twentieth century, poetry as literary work has many kinds in its contents and form and this century is called by the era of modern poetry. Those movements such as free verse, realism, surrealism, expressionism, and so on, tend to make people think that poetry is a simply matter of not writing in metre or rhyme or of free association of thinking in images. 3 And he is Walt Whitman who becomes the first major poet to write in free verse, a crucial innovation which Ezra Pound was to institutionalize fifty years later as a prime tenet of modernism. And then he was followed by Emily Dickinson, W B Yeats, TS Elliot, and so on. Robert Pinsky is one of American contemporary poets who has peculiar style and his own characteristic. Pinsky is combination of eighteenth and nineteenth century English poet. He succeeded to combine moral tone and mastery of poetic meter and the insights conveyed in his analytical works on 2 Richard Ell, Ann and Robert O’Clair, Modern Poems an Introduction to Poetry New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1976, p. 487. 3 Walker Gibson, Poems in The Making Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1963, p. 75. poetry. Pinsky points the way of poetry in the future by abstract utterance and vivid image. At the beginning he created his poem, Pinsky was inspired by the flow and tension of jazz. For him, the musicality of poetry was extremely important to his work. Pinsky is a poet who has many capabilities. At the same time he may be as poet, translator or even the poet-critic. His major subjects in his literary work is generally about Holocaust, religion, and children. In Berkeley and The Unseen are his original poems. Both poems have the same theme, religion. His religious background more or less influence toward his poems. His parents are nominally orthodox Jews but are much assimilated even secular generation but in other side they do keep Kosher law full and for some certain reason he decided to have the religious upbringing. However, he had ever experience a sort of a complexity crisis when he was a young in determining his religious. From the description above, the writer thinks that it will be interesting to explore the poems of the poet who are intellectually interesting and technically high level such as Robert Pinsky. It also is enjoyable discussing about his abstract utterance, vivid image and also his moral tone on the two poems.

B. Focus of the Study