4. Smoking
L
UKPDS surprisingly reported that smoking was associated with a reduced 6-year incidence of DR. Compared with never smokers,
current smokers had around one third lower incidence. DR progression was also lower in current than in never smokers. This is
the first major study to demonstrate any relationship between smoking and DR . Earlier WESDR data did not confirm this
relationship.
American
5. Gravida
• Ramandeep Sing et all : Diabetic Retinopathy An Update , Indian J.O 2008 May-Jul • Guidelines of the Management Diabetic Retinopathy, Cwealth Australia 2008
Gen
Pregnant women with diabetes twice the risk of developing PDR than non-pregnant women. The cause of DR maybe factors both
metabolic and hormonal
.
Among women with NPDR at the onset pregnancy , 47 developed increased NPDR and 5 developed PDR during pregnancy, of whom
29 regression postpartum and 50 required laser treatment. Among women with PDR prior to pregnancy ,46 progressed during
pregnancy. Therefore, early progressive scatter laser treatment of active neovascularisation is warranted when high-risk
characteristics.
6. Renal Disease Nephropathy
DR is a well established risk factor for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy DN, with a 50 probability that DN will develop within
5 years and a 7 probability that DN will develop within 12 years in patients with existing DR. few report however, show that DN predict
to development of progression of DR. In the WESDR , a population based cohort study , either gross proteinuria or microalbuminuria
was a marker for PDR.
Gsee
gftssk
Guidelines of the Management Diabetic Retinopathy, Cwealth Australia , 2008
7. Cataract surgery
Henricksen 1996 reported that progression of retinopathy occurred in 30 out of the 70 eyes after cataract surgery. Patients
who progressed had a significantly higher incidence macular edema than those who did not progress.
Chris Emery 2009 reported A year after phacoemulcification surgery, 28,2 of the eyes that were on operated on developed DR,
compared to only 13,8 of nonsurgical eyes. In patients who had the surgery in only one eye, 35,6 of the eyes operated on showed
signs of DR progression compared to only 20 of the eyes that weren’t surgically .
Henricksen M, Diabetic retinopathy before and after cataract surgery ,BJO1996, 80 Chris Emery . Common Cataract SurgeryAccelerates Diabetic Retina Deterioration ,
Ophthalmology 07.31. 2009
8. Diabetes duration
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