S PLB 1003249 Table of content
viii
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ....................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GRAFIK ...................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................... 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ......................................................................................... 5
C. Batasan Masalah............................................................................................... 7
D. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 7
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ..................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA BERPIKIR ................................... 8
A. Kajian Pustaka.................................................................................................. 8
1. Hakikat Ketunarunguan ............................................................................. 8
2. Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik ........................................................... 15
3. Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ........................................................ 24
B. Penelitian yang Relevan ................................................................................... 25
C. Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................................ 26
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN............................................................................... 29
A. Metode Penelitian............................................................................................. 29
B. Desain Penelitian .............................................................................................. 29
C. Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................................... 31
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel ........................................................................... 31
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel .................................................................... 32
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
D. Tempat dan Subjek Penelitian.......................................................................... 36
1. Tempat Penelitian....................................................................................... 36
2. Subjek Penelitian........................................................................................ 36
E. Instrumen Penelitian......................................................................................... 36
1. Kisi-kisi Instrumen ..................................................................................... 37
2. Penyusunan Butir Instrumen ...................................................................... 39
3. Kriteria Penilaian ....................................................................................... 40
F. Proses Pengembangan Instrumen ..................................................................... 40
1. Validitas Instrumen .................................................................................... 40
2. Reliabilitas Instrumen ................................................................................ 43
G. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 45
H. Teknik Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. 45
I. Teknik Analisis Data ........................................................................................ 46
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................. 49
A. Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................ 49
1. Baseline 1 (A-1) ......................................................................................... 49
2. Intervensi (B) ............................................................................................. 50
3. Baseline 2 (A-2) ......................................................................................... 51
4. Perolehan Data ........................................................................................... 52
B. Analisis Data .................................................................................................... 54
1. Analisis Dalam Kondisi ............................................................................. 54
a. Panjang Kondisi ................................................................................... 54
b. Kecenderungan Arah ............................................................................ 54
c. Kecenderungan Stabilitas ..................................................................... 57
d. Jejak Data ............................................................................................. 61
e. Level Stabilitas dan Rentang ................................................................ 61
f. Perubahan Level ................................................................................... 62
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi ............................................................................... 63
a. Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah .............................................................. 63
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
x
b. Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya ..................................... 64
c. Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas ................................................... 64
d. Perubahan Level ................................................................................... 65
e. Persentase Data Overlap ...................................................................... 66
C. Hasil Analisis ................................................................................................... 70
D. Pembahasan ...................................................................................................... 72
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ....................................................... 75
A. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... 75
B. Rekomendasi ................................................................................................... 75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................. 77
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................. 78
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan .......................... 38
Tabel 3.2 Kriteria Penilaian ......................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.3 Perhitungan Pengujian Validitas Instrumen ................................................. 42
Tabel 3.4 Perhitungan Pengujian Reliabilitas Instrumen ............................................. 44
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Baseline 1 (A-1).................................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Intervensi (B) ...................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Baseline 2 (A-2).................................................................................. 51
Tabel 4.4 Data Keseluruhan Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan............................. 53
Tabel 4.5 Data Panjang Kondisi .................................................................................. 54
Tabel 4.6 Data Kecenderungan Arah ........................................................................... 57
Tabel 4.7 Kondisi Kecenderungan Stabilitas ............................................................... 61
Tabel 4.8 Kondisi Jejak Data ....................................................................................... 61
Tabel 4.9 Kondisi Level Stabilitas dan Rentang .......................................................... 61
Tabel 4.10 Kondisi Perubahan Level ........................................................................... 62
Tabel 4.11 Hasil Analisis Dalam Kondisi Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ....... 62
Tabel 4.12 Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah .................................................................... 64
Tabel 4.13 Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya ............................................................ 64
Tabel 4.14 Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas ......................................................... 65
Tabel 4.15 Perubahan Level ......................................................................................... 65
Tabel 4.16 Data Persentase Overlap ............................................................................ 68
Tabel 4.17 Hasil Analisis Antar Kondisi Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ......... 68
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1 Desain A-B-A ............................................................................................. 30
Grafik 4.1 Hasil Baseline 1 (A-1) ................................................................................ 50
Grafik 4.2 Hasil Intervensi (B)..................................................................................... 51
Grafik 4.3 Hasil Baseline 2 (A-2) ................................................................................ 52
Grafik 4.4 Data Keseluruhan Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ........................... 53
Grafik 4.5 Kecenderungan Arah .................................................................................. 55
Grafik 4.6 Kecenderungan Arah Baseline 1 (A-1)....................................................... 55
Grafik 4.7 Kecenderungan Arah Intervensi (B) ........................................................... 56
Grafik 4.8 Kecenderungan Arah Baseline 2 (A-2)....................................................... 56
Grafik 4.9 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Baseline 1 (A-1)................................................ 58
Grafik 4.10 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Instervensi (B) ................................................ 59
Grafik 4.11 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Baseline 2 (A-2) .............................................. 60
Grafik 4.12 Data Overlap Baseline 1 (A-1) dan Intervensi (B) ................................... 67
Grafik 4.13 Data Overlap Intervensi (B) dan Baseline 2 (A-2) ................................... 67
Grafik 4.14 Mean Level Baseline 1 (A-1), Intervensi (B), Baseline 2 (A-2) .............. 70
Grafik 4.15 Persentase Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ..................................... 71
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 : Kartu Bimbingan
Lampiran 2 : Jadwal Penelitian
Lampiran 3 : Expert Judgement
Lampiran 4 : Hasil Pengujian Reabilitas
Lampiran 5 : Hasil Penelitian
Lampiran 6 : Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran
Lampiran 7 : Surat-surat Penelitian
Lampiran 8 : Dokumentasi
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. iii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ....................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GRAFIK ...................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................... 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ......................................................................................... 5
C. Batasan Masalah............................................................................................... 7
D. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 7
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ..................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA BERPIKIR ................................... 8
A. Kajian Pustaka.................................................................................................. 8
1. Hakikat Ketunarunguan ............................................................................. 8
2. Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik ........................................................... 15
3. Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ........................................................ 24
B. Penelitian yang Relevan ................................................................................... 25
C. Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................................ 26
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN............................................................................... 29
A. Metode Penelitian............................................................................................. 29
B. Desain Penelitian .............................................................................................. 29
C. Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................................... 31
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel ........................................................................... 31
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel .................................................................... 32
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
D. Tempat dan Subjek Penelitian.......................................................................... 36
1. Tempat Penelitian....................................................................................... 36
2. Subjek Penelitian........................................................................................ 36
E. Instrumen Penelitian......................................................................................... 36
1. Kisi-kisi Instrumen ..................................................................................... 37
2. Penyusunan Butir Instrumen ...................................................................... 39
3. Kriteria Penilaian ....................................................................................... 40
F. Proses Pengembangan Instrumen ..................................................................... 40
1. Validitas Instrumen .................................................................................... 40
2. Reliabilitas Instrumen ................................................................................ 43
G. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 45
H. Teknik Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. 45
I. Teknik Analisis Data ........................................................................................ 46
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................. 49
A. Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................ 49
1. Baseline 1 (A-1) ......................................................................................... 49
2. Intervensi (B) ............................................................................................. 50
3. Baseline 2 (A-2) ......................................................................................... 51
4. Perolehan Data ........................................................................................... 52
B. Analisis Data .................................................................................................... 54
1. Analisis Dalam Kondisi ............................................................................. 54
a. Panjang Kondisi ................................................................................... 54
b. Kecenderungan Arah ............................................................................ 54
c. Kecenderungan Stabilitas ..................................................................... 57
d. Jejak Data ............................................................................................. 61
e. Level Stabilitas dan Rentang ................................................................ 61
f. Perubahan Level ................................................................................... 62
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi ............................................................................... 63
a. Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah .............................................................. 63
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
x
b. Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya ..................................... 64
c. Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas ................................................... 64
d. Perubahan Level ................................................................................... 65
e. Persentase Data Overlap ...................................................................... 66
C. Hasil Analisis ................................................................................................... 70
D. Pembahasan ...................................................................................................... 72
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ....................................................... 75
A. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... 75
B. Rekomendasi ................................................................................................... 75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................. 77
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................. 78
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan .......................... 38
Tabel 3.2 Kriteria Penilaian ......................................................................................... 40
Tabel 3.3 Perhitungan Pengujian Validitas Instrumen ................................................. 42
Tabel 3.4 Perhitungan Pengujian Reliabilitas Instrumen ............................................. 44
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Baseline 1 (A-1).................................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Intervensi (B) ...................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Baseline 2 (A-2).................................................................................. 51
Tabel 4.4 Data Keseluruhan Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan............................. 53
Tabel 4.5 Data Panjang Kondisi .................................................................................. 54
Tabel 4.6 Data Kecenderungan Arah ........................................................................... 57
Tabel 4.7 Kondisi Kecenderungan Stabilitas ............................................................... 61
Tabel 4.8 Kondisi Jejak Data ....................................................................................... 61
Tabel 4.9 Kondisi Level Stabilitas dan Rentang .......................................................... 61
Tabel 4.10 Kondisi Perubahan Level ........................................................................... 62
Tabel 4.11 Hasil Analisis Dalam Kondisi Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ....... 62
Tabel 4.12 Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah .................................................................... 64
Tabel 4.13 Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya ............................................................ 64
Tabel 4.14 Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas ......................................................... 65
Tabel 4.15 Perubahan Level ......................................................................................... 65
Tabel 4.16 Data Persentase Overlap ............................................................................ 68
Tabel 4.17 Hasil Analisis Antar Kondisi Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ......... 68
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1 Desain A-B-A ............................................................................................. 30
Grafik 4.1 Hasil Baseline 1 (A-1) ................................................................................ 50
Grafik 4.2 Hasil Intervensi (B)..................................................................................... 51
Grafik 4.3 Hasil Baseline 2 (A-2) ................................................................................ 52
Grafik 4.4 Data Keseluruhan Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ........................... 53
Grafik 4.5 Kecenderungan Arah .................................................................................. 55
Grafik 4.6 Kecenderungan Arah Baseline 1 (A-1)....................................................... 55
Grafik 4.7 Kecenderungan Arah Intervensi (B) ........................................................... 56
Grafik 4.8 Kecenderungan Arah Baseline 2 (A-2)....................................................... 56
Grafik 4.9 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Baseline 1 (A-1)................................................ 58
Grafik 4.10 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Instervensi (B) ................................................ 59
Grafik 4.11 Kecenderungan Stabilitas Baseline 2 (A-2) .............................................. 60
Grafik 4.12 Data Overlap Baseline 1 (A-1) dan Intervensi (B) ................................... 67
Grafik 4.13 Data Overlap Intervensi (B) dan Baseline 2 (A-2) ................................... 67
Grafik 4.14 Mean Level Baseline 1 (A-1), Intervensi (B), Baseline 2 (A-2) .............. 70
Grafik 4.15 Persentase Kemampuan Berhitung Penjumlahan ..................................... 71
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 : Kartu Bimbingan
Lampiran 2 : Jadwal Penelitian
Lampiran 3 : Expert Judgement
Lampiran 4 : Hasil Pengujian Reabilitas
Lampiran 5 : Hasil Penelitian
Lampiran 6 : Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran
Lampiran 7 : Surat-surat Penelitian
Lampiran 8 : Dokumentasi
Salis Fauzia Istiqomah, 2014
Pengaruh pembelajaran Matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan berhitung penjumlahan siswa
tunaarungu kelas 2 SDLB di SLBN Cicendo Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu