Pengolahan dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Aceh Sebagai Pengisi Nanokomposit Polipropilena-Montmorillonit
125
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akil, H.Md., et all., Effect of Compatibilizer on Properties of Polypropylene Layered
Silicate Nanocomposite, Procedia Chemistry 4 ( 2012 ) 65 – 72.
Astutiningsih, S., Kinasih, P., Lanang,Wibowo A.C., Stabilitas Termal Galeri Clay
pada Komposit Nano Polipropilena-Clay Montmorillonit dengan
Pengkompatibel Polipropilena-g-Maleik Anhidirida, Makara, Teknologi,
2009: , vol. 13, no. 1, 19-24.
Anonim, Pemaparan hasil-hasil kegiatan lapangan dan non lapangan, Proseding,
Pusat Sumber daya Geologi, 2009.
Anonim, Nanokomposit Material Superkuat dan Ringan. www.wikipedia.org
/nanokomposit. 2009.
Anuar, K., et.all, Conducting Polymer / Clay Composites: Preparation and
Characterization, Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). Vol. 10, No. 3. 2004,
255-258.
Ara´ujo, E.M, et.all. Processing and characterization of polyethylene/Brazilian clay
nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering, (2007) 141–147.
Akbari,B, and Bagheri,H., Influence of Compatibilizer and Processing Conditions on
Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Deformation Mechanism of
PP/Clay Nanocomposite, Journal of Nanomaterials, Hindawi Publishing
Corporation, 2012, 1-8.
Bureau M.N., Minh-Tan Ton-That N,, Perrin-Sarazin ,F.,, Essential work of fracture
and failure mechanisms of polypropylene–clay nanocomposites, Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, 73 (2006) 2360–2374.
Brody, A. Bugusu, B., Han, J. H, Sand, C. K., and Mchugh, T.H., Innovative food
packaging solutions, Journal of Food Science, 2008, 107-116.
Bao,S.P., Tjong S.C., Mechanical behaviors of polypropylene/carbon nanotube
nanocomposites:The effects of loading rate and temperature, Materials
Science and Engineering, 2008, 508–516.
Bauer, I., Habicher,W. D., Kornef, S., Al-Malaika,S., Antioxidant interaction
between organic phosphites and hindered amine light stabilizers: effects
125
Universitas Sumatera Utara
126
during photoxidation of polypropylene-II., Polymer degradation and
stability, 1997, 217-224.
Barleany, D.,R., 2011, Pengaruh Komposisi Montmorillonite pada Pembuatan
Polipropilen-Nanokomposit terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasannya,
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”, 2011.
Bharadwaj, R. K,” Structure-Property Relationship in Cross-Linked Poliester- Clay
Nanocomposites”, Avery research Center, 2900 Bradley Street, Pasadena,
CA 91107, USA, 2002.
Charu,S.,Studies on Development of Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposite for
Automotive, Thesis, School of Physics and Material Science, Thapar
University, India, Applications, 2008.
Cauvin L., Kondo D., Brieu, M.,. Bhatnagar,N., Mechanical properties of
polypropylene layered silicate nanocomposites: Characterization and micromacro modeling, Polymer Testing, 2010, 245–250.
Chorkendroff, I.,J.W. Niemantsverdiet. Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics.
Wliey-VCH GmbH&Co. New York. 2003. Hal 143 -147.
Castel C. D., et.all., Properties of silane grafted polypropylene/montmorillonite
nanocomposites, Composites, 2010, 185–191.
Cheng, H.K.F., et.all., Thermal kinetics of montmorillonite nanoclay/maleic
anhydride-modified polypropylene nanocomposites, J Therm Anal Calorim,
2012, 109:17–25.
Ding, C., et.all., How organo-montmorillonite truly affects the structure and
properties of polypropylene, Polymer Testing, 24 (2005) 94–100.
Drozdov, A.D., A model for thermal degradation of hybrid nanocomposites,
European Polymer Journal, 2007, 1681–1690.
Donga, Y., Bhattacharyya,D., Dual role of maleated polypropylene in processing and
material characterization of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, Materials
Science and Engineering, 2010, 1617–1622.
Drozdov A.D., Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: mechanical response, damage,
and fracture, EPJ Webof Conferences 6, 05004, 2010.
Dong, Y., Bhattacharyya D., Effect of Matrix Plasticisation on the Characterisation
of Polypropylene /Clay Nanocomposites,Composites, 2010.
Dobrzański, L.A., et.all, Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite,
Archives of Material Sciences and Engineering, 53, 2012, 5-28.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
127
Dhamayanti, Y, dkk, Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Methyl Orange Menggunakan Fe 2 O 3 Montmorillonit dan Sinar UltraViolet, Proseding Seminar Nasional DIES ke
50 FMIPA UGM, 2005.
Fatimah Is dan Karna Wijaya, Pengaruh Metode Preparasi Terhadap Karakter
Fisikokimiawi Montmorillonit Termodifikasi ZrO2, Akta Kimindo, 2006:
87-92.
Fisli, A., dkk., Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Montmorillonite dari Bentonit Sukabumi
(Indonesia), Indonesian Journal ofMaterials Science, 2008, 10(1) ; 12 – 17.
Fisli, A., dkk., Sintesis dan Karakterisasi nanokomposit Oksida Besi-bentonit,
Indonesian Journal of Material science, 2009, vol 10 no 2 (164-169).
Fisli, A., dan Saeful Yusuf, Sintesis Nanokomposit Magnetik Berbasis Bahan Alam
untuk Adsorben Thorium, Indonesian Journal of Material science, 2010, vol
11, no 2 ( 93-98).
Fang, X., et.all, Study on preparation of montmorillonite-based composite phase
change materials and their applications in thermal storage building
materials, Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 2008, 718–723.
GarcıaD.- Lopez, Picazo, O., Merino, J.C.. Pastor J.M, Polypropylene–clay nano
composites: effect of compatibilizing agents on clay dispersion, European
Polymer Journal, 2003, 945–950.
Golebiewski J., Andrzej Galeski, Thermal stability of nanoclay polypropylene
composites by simultaneous DSC and TGA, Composites Science and
Technology (2007) 3442–3447.
Gupta,R.K. and S.N. Bhattacharya, Polymer-clay Nanocomposites: Current Status
and Challenges, Indian Chemical Engineer, 2008, 242-267. 31.
Haeruddin, H., Rinaldi, N., Characterization of Modified Bentonite using Aluminum
Polycation, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry,2002, 2 (3),173-176.
Hong, C.,H., Lee, Y.,B.,Bae, J.,Y., Nam., B., U., Hwang, T., W., Performance of
Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposit for Automotive Parts Applications, J.
Ind. Eng. Chem., 2005, 76-82.
Hamdan, Hamillton, , Introduction to Zeolite; Synthesis, Characterization and
Modification, University Technology of Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia, 1992.
Hejazi, I., Seyfi Javad, Sadeghi G.M.M., Davachi, S. M., Assessment of rheological
and mechanical properties of nanostructured materials based on
thermoplastic olefin blend and organoclay, Material and Design, 2010, 1-7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
128
Hadiyawarman, dkk., Fabrikasi Material Nanokomposit Superkuat, Ringan dan
Transparan Menggunakan Metode Simple Mixing, Jurnal Nanosains &
Nanoteknologi, Vol. 1 No.1, 2008, 14-21.
Hong,
C.K. et.all. Effects of polypropylene-g-(maleic anhydride/styrene)
compatibilizer on mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene
/clay nanocomposites, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 14
(2008) 236–242.
Idrus, S.A., Potensi dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya mineral dan Energi untuk
Meningkatkan Potensi Ekonomi di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam,
Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2009.
Ketthongmongkol, S.
and Chuayjuljit, S. Preparation and Properties of
Thermoplastic
Polyurethane
/Polypropylene-G-Maleic
Anhydride/
Wollastonite Composites, Pure and Applied Chemistry International
Conference, 2011, 499-501.
Kim, N., T., et. all., Study on the Structure and Properties of Polypropylene/Clay
Nanocomposites, Advances in Natural Sciences, 2006, , Vol. 7, No. 1&2 (49
– 55).
Kim, D.H., Structure and properties of polypropylene-based nanocomposites ; Effect
of PP-g-MA to organoclay ratio, Polymer 48, 5308-5323, 2007.
Kashiwagi,T., et.all., Thermal and flammability properties of polypropylene/carbon
nanotube nanocomposites, Polymer, 2004, 4227–4239.
Kaelani, dkk., Inventarisasi Mineral Non Logam Kabupaten Aceh Utara dan
Kabupaten Bireuen, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Proceeding
Pemaparan Hasil Kegiatan Lapangan dan Non Lapangan Tahun 2007,
Pusat Sumber Daya Geologi, 2007.
Kaempfer, D, et. All., Melt Compounding of Syndiotactic Polypropylene
Nanocomposite containing organophilic Layered Silicates and In Situ
formed core shell nanoparticles, Polymer 43, 2909-2916, 2002.
Kord, B., Eff ects of compatibilizer and nanolayered silicate on physical and
mechanical properties of PP/bagasse composites, Turk J Agric For 36
(2012) 510-517.
Lubis, S., Preparasi Bentonit Terpilar Alumina dari Bentonit Alam dan
Pemanfaatannya sebagai Katalis pada Reaksi Dehidrasi Etanol, 1-Propanol
serta 2-Propanol, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 6, No. 2,
2007, hal. 77-81.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
129
Kusnadi, D, dkk, Penyelidikan Geokimia Panas Bumi Daerah Jaboi Kota Sabang,
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Pemaparan Hasil Kegiatan Lapangan Subdit
Panas Bum, 2005.
Li, P. et.all. Study on Structure-property Relationships of Polypropylene/OMMT
Nanocomposites with Different Morphologies, Iranian Polymer Journal,
2007, 16 (11), , 775-785.
Liu X, Wu Q. PP/clay nanocomposites prepared by grafting-melt intercalation,
Polymer, 2001, .;42:10013-9.
Liu, S. L. et all., Melt Processing and Properties of Intercalated Polypropylene
/Organoclay Nanocomposites, Polimer, 2004, 21-27.
Liu, S.,L.,et.all.,
Fabrication and properties of b-polypropylene /organoclay
Nanocomposites, SIMTech technical reports,2005,Vol. 6 No.1, 36-38.
Lee, Y.,H.,et.all, Toxicity Assessment of Montmorillonite as a Drug Carrier for
Pharmaceutical Applications: Yeast and Rats Model, Biomedical
Engineering Applications, Basis & Communications, 2005, Vol. 17 No. 2
April 2005.
Lumingkewas, S., Study Pattern Conversion of Ca-Bentonit to Na-Bentonit by XRay Difraction (XRD), Eugenia, 2006, 12(3) ; 242-250.
Lutviansori, A., Wibowo, A., Analisis Mengenai Beberapa Regulasi Mengenai
Iinvestasi di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Pasca Pemberlakuan Otonomi
Khusus, Karya Ilmiah, Banda Aceh, 2007.
Lai, S.M, et all., Melt mixed compatibilized polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: Part
1 – the effect of compatibilizers on optical transmittance and mechanical
properties, Composites: Part A 40 (2009) 754–765.
Leszczynska, A.,et.all., Polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved
thermal properties Part I. Factors influencing thermal stability and
mechanisms of thermal stability improvement, Review, Thermochimica
Acta 453 (2007) 75–96.
Muller, Ulrich. Inorganic Strctural Chemistry. USA: Jhon Willey & Sons, 2006.
Mailhot,B., et.all., Photodegradation of polypropylene nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, (2003) 163–167.
Morlat S, Mailhot B, Gonzalez D, Gardett J. Chem Mater, 2004;16:377.
Manias, E., Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Review of the Synthetic
Routes and Materials Properties, Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 3516-3523.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
130
Modesti, M., Lorenzetti, A., Bon, D., Besco, S., Thermal behaviour of compatibilised
polypropylene nanocomposite: Effect of processing conditions, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, (2006) 672-680.
Martinez, J.M.G., Cofrades, A.G. , Laguna, O., Areso, S., Collar, E.P., Influence of
reactant concentration and reaction time in the chemical modification
process of polypropylene by p-phenylen-bis-maleamic acid in the melt, Eur.
Polym. J., 2000, 2253-2263.
Morgan, A.B., Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites: Design and Application of MultiFunctional Materials, 2007.
Manoratne, C.H., et.all., Ionic Conductivity of Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposites Prepared by Intercalation from
Aqueous Medium, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2006, (1), 32-46.
Morales, A.R., et.all., Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of
Polypropylene Modified with Organophilic Montmorillonite, Polímeros,
vol. 22, 2012, 54-60.
Manohar, D.M., et.all. Adsorption performance of Al-pillared bentonite clay for the
removal of cobalt(II) from aqueous phase, Applied Clay Science 31, (2006)
194–206.
Murtado, H., , Kajian Reaksi Pertukaran Ion Kalsium oleh Ion Natrium pada
Bentonit Alam, FMIPA UGM, Yogyakarta, 1994.
Nejad, S.J., Ahmadi, S. j., Abolghasemi, H., Mohaddespour, A.,. Thermal Stability,
Mechanical Properties and Solvent Resistance of PP/Clay Nanocomposite
Prepared by Melt Blending, Journal of Applied Sciences, 2007, 2480-2484.
Nejad, S.J., Ahmadi, S. j., Abolghasemi, H., Mohaddespour, Influence of Electron
Beam Irradiation on PP/Clay Nano- composites Prepared by Melt Blending,
e-Polymers, 2007, no. 126.
Nowicki, A., et.all., Radiation-induced modification of montmorillonite used as a
filler in PP composite, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 76 , 2007, 893–900.
Olalekan,S.T., et.all., Improving the Polypropylene-Clay Composite Using Carbon
Nanotubes as Secondary Filler, Energy Research Journa, 2010, 68-72.
.
Olad, A.,B., Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites, Advances in Diverse Industrial
Applications of Nanocomposites, review, 2010, 113-138.
Othmer K. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 14. New York: J Wiley.
1964.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
131
Olphen, H., V.,, An introduction to clay colloid chemistry: for clay technologists,
geologists, and soil scientists, John Wiley & Sons; 1977.
Orthman, J., Zhu, H.Y. and G.Q. Lu. “Use of anion clay hydrotalcite to remove
coloured organics from aqueous solutions”. Separation and Purification
Technology, . 2003, 31. 53-59.
Pozsgay,
A., et.all, Gallery structure and exfoliation of organophilized
montmorillonite : effect on composite properties, European Polymer
Journal, 40, 2004, 27–36.
Putra, W.,C., Inventarisasi Mineral Non Logam di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan
Bener Meriah Provinsi Aceh, Proceeding Pemaparan Hasil-Hasil Kegiatan
Lapangan dan Non Lapangan tahun 2009, Pusat Sumber Daya Geologi,
2009.
Pandey, J.K., An overview on the degradability of polymer nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 88, 2005, 234-250.
Posthumus,W., UV-curable Acrylate metal oxide Nanocomposite Coatings, Tesis,
2004.
Qin, H. et.all., Thermal stability and flammability of polypropylene/montmorillonite
composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 85, 2004, 807-813.
Pavlidou, S.,et.all., A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites, Progress
in Polymer Science 33 (2008) 1119–1198.
Rousseaux D.D.J., Sclavons M., Godard P., Marchand J-Brynaert, Carboxylate clays:
A model study for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, 2010, 1195-1204.
Ramsaroop, A. et.all, Fracture Toughness Studies of Polypropylene-Clay
Nanocomposites and Glass Fibre Reinfoerced Polypropylene Composites,
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2010, 1, 301-309.
Puslitbang Tekmira. (2005). Bentonit. http://www.tekmira.esdm.go.id/, [15 Oktober
2008].
Ramli, M. dkk, Azmy, Nuzul; Lubis, Surya, Karakterisasi bentonit alam Kuala Dua
Aceh Utara dan modifikasinya sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan katalis,
laporan penelitian, FMIPA Unsyiah, 2003.
Rahardjo, A.K, dkk, Modified Ponorogo bentonite for the removal of ampicillin from
wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 190 1001–1008.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
132
Rao, C. N. R. et. al, The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and
Applications. Volume 1: 3-527-30686-2, 2004.
Sheilatina dkk, Modifikasi bentonit alam dan uji aktivitasnya pada reaksi dehidrasi,
laporan penelitian, FMIPA Unsyiah, 2005.
Sudip Ray, Siew Young Quek, Allan Easteal, and Xiao Dong Chen, The Potential
Use of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites in Food Packaging, International
Journal of Food Engineering, 2006, 1-11.
Sekewael, S.,J., Karakterisasi Sifat Fotokimia Komposit Besi Oksida-Montmorillonit
Hasil Interkalasi Silikat Lempung Montmorillonit, Indonesia Chimica Acta,
2008, 24-32.
S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang1, G. H. Do1, W. J. Kim1, J. S. Ki, H. G. Yoon, Q.W, Thermal,
mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour
nanocomposites, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2008, 78–87.
Syuhada, Rachmat W., Jayatin, dan Saeful R.,, Modifikasi Bentonit (Clay) menjadi
Organoclay dengan Penambahan Surfaktan, Jurnal Nanosains &
Nanoteknologi, 2009, 48-51.
Shi,Y., Chen F., Yang J., Zhong M., Crystallinity and thermal stability of
LDH/polypropylene nanocomposites, Applied Clay Science 2010, 87–91.
Shi., D., et. All., An investigation on the dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT)
primary particles in PP matrix, European Polymer Journal 43, (2007) 3250–
3257.
Sharma, S.K., Nayak S.K., Surface modified
clay/polypropylene (PP) nano
composites : Effect on physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological
properties, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94 (2009) 132–138.
Santos, K.S., Optimization of the mechanical properties of polypropylene-based
nanocomposite via the addition of a combination of organoclays,
Composites: Part A 40 (2009) 1199–1209.
Therias, S.M., et all., Photooxidation of Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nano
composites ; Interactions with Antioxidants, Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 10721078.
Tan, K. H., Dasar-dasar Kimia Tanah, a.b. Goenadi, D. H., Penyunting
Radjagukguk, B., Cet.5, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 1982.
Touati, N., et.all., The effects of reprocessing cycles on the structure and properties
of
isotactic polypropylene/cloisite 15A nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 96 (2011) 1064 -1073.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
133
Tasrif, dkk., Pengaruh Pemanasan pada Proses Pra-Aktivasi Terhadap Struktur, SifatSifat Swelling dan Kapasitas Tukar Kation Bentonit, Prosiding Pemaparan
Hasil Litbang Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknik, 1996, 105-111.
Sarasanantham, P. et.all., Montmorillonite Clay Nano Particle Embedded Nano
Fibers for UV Protected Curtains to be Used in Smart House with Nano
Technology, International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment
(ICSBE-2010), Kandy, 2010.
Usuki A, Kato M, Okada A, Kurauchi T. J Appl Polym Sci 1997;63:137.
Wijaya, K., Sugiharto, E., Mudasir, Tahir I., Liawati I., Synthesis of Iron OxideMontmorillonite Composite and Study of Its Structural Stability Againts
Sulfuric Acid, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2004, 4(1), 32-42.
Wang, D., Y., et all, Thermal degradation behaviors of a novel nanocomposite based
on polypropylene and Co-Al layered double hydroxide, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 96, (2011) 285-290.
Wang, Z. M., et.all., Exfoliated PP/Clay Nanocomposites Using AmmoniumTerminated PP as the Organic Modification for Montmorillonite,
Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 8919-8922.
Zanetti M, Camino G, Reichert P, Mu¨ lhaupt R. Macromol Rapid Commun
2002;22:176.
Zhang S., Hull T. R., Horrocks A. R., Smart G. Kandola B.K., Ebdon J., Joseph P.,
Huntd B., Thermal degradation analysis and XRD characterisation of fibreforming synthetic polypropylene containing nanoclay, Polymer Degradation
and Stability (2007) 727-732.
Zhang, X.,et.all., Polypropylene/montmorillonite composites and their application in
hybrid fiber preparation by melt-spinning, Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, 92, 2004 552–558.
Zhou,Y., Pervin, F., Rangari V.K., Jeelani,,S., Influence of montmorillonite clay on
the thermal and mechanical properties of conventional carbon fiber
reinforced composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007,
347–35.
Zhirong, L., et.all. FT-IR and XRD analysis of natural Na-bentonite and Cu(II)loaded Na-bentonite, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 79, (2011) 1013– 1016.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akil, H.Md., et all., Effect of Compatibilizer on Properties of Polypropylene Layered
Silicate Nanocomposite, Procedia Chemistry 4 ( 2012 ) 65 – 72.
Astutiningsih, S., Kinasih, P., Lanang,Wibowo A.C., Stabilitas Termal Galeri Clay
pada Komposit Nano Polipropilena-Clay Montmorillonit dengan
Pengkompatibel Polipropilena-g-Maleik Anhidirida, Makara, Teknologi,
2009: , vol. 13, no. 1, 19-24.
Anonim, Pemaparan hasil-hasil kegiatan lapangan dan non lapangan, Proseding,
Pusat Sumber daya Geologi, 2009.
Anonim, Nanokomposit Material Superkuat dan Ringan. www.wikipedia.org
/nanokomposit. 2009.
Anuar, K., et.all, Conducting Polymer / Clay Composites: Preparation and
Characterization, Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). Vol. 10, No. 3. 2004,
255-258.
Ara´ujo, E.M, et.all. Processing and characterization of polyethylene/Brazilian clay
nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering, (2007) 141–147.
Akbari,B, and Bagheri,H., Influence of Compatibilizer and Processing Conditions on
Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Deformation Mechanism of
PP/Clay Nanocomposite, Journal of Nanomaterials, Hindawi Publishing
Corporation, 2012, 1-8.
Bureau M.N., Minh-Tan Ton-That N,, Perrin-Sarazin ,F.,, Essential work of fracture
and failure mechanisms of polypropylene–clay nanocomposites, Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, 73 (2006) 2360–2374.
Brody, A. Bugusu, B., Han, J. H, Sand, C. K., and Mchugh, T.H., Innovative food
packaging solutions, Journal of Food Science, 2008, 107-116.
Bao,S.P., Tjong S.C., Mechanical behaviors of polypropylene/carbon nanotube
nanocomposites:The effects of loading rate and temperature, Materials
Science and Engineering, 2008, 508–516.
Bauer, I., Habicher,W. D., Kornef, S., Al-Malaika,S., Antioxidant interaction
between organic phosphites and hindered amine light stabilizers: effects
125
Universitas Sumatera Utara
126
during photoxidation of polypropylene-II., Polymer degradation and
stability, 1997, 217-224.
Barleany, D.,R., 2011, Pengaruh Komposisi Montmorillonite pada Pembuatan
Polipropilen-Nanokomposit terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasannya,
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”, 2011.
Bharadwaj, R. K,” Structure-Property Relationship in Cross-Linked Poliester- Clay
Nanocomposites”, Avery research Center, 2900 Bradley Street, Pasadena,
CA 91107, USA, 2002.
Charu,S.,Studies on Development of Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposite for
Automotive, Thesis, School of Physics and Material Science, Thapar
University, India, Applications, 2008.
Cauvin L., Kondo D., Brieu, M.,. Bhatnagar,N., Mechanical properties of
polypropylene layered silicate nanocomposites: Characterization and micromacro modeling, Polymer Testing, 2010, 245–250.
Chorkendroff, I.,J.W. Niemantsverdiet. Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics.
Wliey-VCH GmbH&Co. New York. 2003. Hal 143 -147.
Castel C. D., et.all., Properties of silane grafted polypropylene/montmorillonite
nanocomposites, Composites, 2010, 185–191.
Cheng, H.K.F., et.all., Thermal kinetics of montmorillonite nanoclay/maleic
anhydride-modified polypropylene nanocomposites, J Therm Anal Calorim,
2012, 109:17–25.
Ding, C., et.all., How organo-montmorillonite truly affects the structure and
properties of polypropylene, Polymer Testing, 24 (2005) 94–100.
Drozdov, A.D., A model for thermal degradation of hybrid nanocomposites,
European Polymer Journal, 2007, 1681–1690.
Donga, Y., Bhattacharyya,D., Dual role of maleated polypropylene in processing and
material characterization of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, Materials
Science and Engineering, 2010, 1617–1622.
Drozdov A.D., Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: mechanical response, damage,
and fracture, EPJ Webof Conferences 6, 05004, 2010.
Dong, Y., Bhattacharyya D., Effect of Matrix Plasticisation on the Characterisation
of Polypropylene /Clay Nanocomposites,Composites, 2010.
Dobrzański, L.A., et.all, Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite,
Archives of Material Sciences and Engineering, 53, 2012, 5-28.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
127
Dhamayanti, Y, dkk, Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Methyl Orange Menggunakan Fe 2 O 3 Montmorillonit dan Sinar UltraViolet, Proseding Seminar Nasional DIES ke
50 FMIPA UGM, 2005.
Fatimah Is dan Karna Wijaya, Pengaruh Metode Preparasi Terhadap Karakter
Fisikokimiawi Montmorillonit Termodifikasi ZrO2, Akta Kimindo, 2006:
87-92.
Fisli, A., dkk., Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Montmorillonite dari Bentonit Sukabumi
(Indonesia), Indonesian Journal ofMaterials Science, 2008, 10(1) ; 12 – 17.
Fisli, A., dkk., Sintesis dan Karakterisasi nanokomposit Oksida Besi-bentonit,
Indonesian Journal of Material science, 2009, vol 10 no 2 (164-169).
Fisli, A., dan Saeful Yusuf, Sintesis Nanokomposit Magnetik Berbasis Bahan Alam
untuk Adsorben Thorium, Indonesian Journal of Material science, 2010, vol
11, no 2 ( 93-98).
Fang, X., et.all, Study on preparation of montmorillonite-based composite phase
change materials and their applications in thermal storage building
materials, Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 2008, 718–723.
GarcıaD.- Lopez, Picazo, O., Merino, J.C.. Pastor J.M, Polypropylene–clay nano
composites: effect of compatibilizing agents on clay dispersion, European
Polymer Journal, 2003, 945–950.
Golebiewski J., Andrzej Galeski, Thermal stability of nanoclay polypropylene
composites by simultaneous DSC and TGA, Composites Science and
Technology (2007) 3442–3447.
Gupta,R.K. and S.N. Bhattacharya, Polymer-clay Nanocomposites: Current Status
and Challenges, Indian Chemical Engineer, 2008, 242-267. 31.
Haeruddin, H., Rinaldi, N., Characterization of Modified Bentonite using Aluminum
Polycation, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry,2002, 2 (3),173-176.
Hong, C.,H., Lee, Y.,B.,Bae, J.,Y., Nam., B., U., Hwang, T., W., Performance of
Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposit for Automotive Parts Applications, J.
Ind. Eng. Chem., 2005, 76-82.
Hamdan, Hamillton, , Introduction to Zeolite; Synthesis, Characterization and
Modification, University Technology of Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia, 1992.
Hejazi, I., Seyfi Javad, Sadeghi G.M.M., Davachi, S. M., Assessment of rheological
and mechanical properties of nanostructured materials based on
thermoplastic olefin blend and organoclay, Material and Design, 2010, 1-7
Universitas Sumatera Utara
128
Hadiyawarman, dkk., Fabrikasi Material Nanokomposit Superkuat, Ringan dan
Transparan Menggunakan Metode Simple Mixing, Jurnal Nanosains &
Nanoteknologi, Vol. 1 No.1, 2008, 14-21.
Hong,
C.K. et.all. Effects of polypropylene-g-(maleic anhydride/styrene)
compatibilizer on mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene
/clay nanocomposites, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 14
(2008) 236–242.
Idrus, S.A., Potensi dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya mineral dan Energi untuk
Meningkatkan Potensi Ekonomi di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam,
Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2009.
Ketthongmongkol, S.
and Chuayjuljit, S. Preparation and Properties of
Thermoplastic
Polyurethane
/Polypropylene-G-Maleic
Anhydride/
Wollastonite Composites, Pure and Applied Chemistry International
Conference, 2011, 499-501.
Kim, N., T., et. all., Study on the Structure and Properties of Polypropylene/Clay
Nanocomposites, Advances in Natural Sciences, 2006, , Vol. 7, No. 1&2 (49
– 55).
Kim, D.H., Structure and properties of polypropylene-based nanocomposites ; Effect
of PP-g-MA to organoclay ratio, Polymer 48, 5308-5323, 2007.
Kashiwagi,T., et.all., Thermal and flammability properties of polypropylene/carbon
nanotube nanocomposites, Polymer, 2004, 4227–4239.
Kaelani, dkk., Inventarisasi Mineral Non Logam Kabupaten Aceh Utara dan
Kabupaten Bireuen, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Proceeding
Pemaparan Hasil Kegiatan Lapangan dan Non Lapangan Tahun 2007,
Pusat Sumber Daya Geologi, 2007.
Kaempfer, D, et. All., Melt Compounding of Syndiotactic Polypropylene
Nanocomposite containing organophilic Layered Silicates and In Situ
formed core shell nanoparticles, Polymer 43, 2909-2916, 2002.
Kord, B., Eff ects of compatibilizer and nanolayered silicate on physical and
mechanical properties of PP/bagasse composites, Turk J Agric For 36
(2012) 510-517.
Lubis, S., Preparasi Bentonit Terpilar Alumina dari Bentonit Alam dan
Pemanfaatannya sebagai Katalis pada Reaksi Dehidrasi Etanol, 1-Propanol
serta 2-Propanol, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 6, No. 2,
2007, hal. 77-81.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
129
Kusnadi, D, dkk, Penyelidikan Geokimia Panas Bumi Daerah Jaboi Kota Sabang,
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Pemaparan Hasil Kegiatan Lapangan Subdit
Panas Bum, 2005.
Li, P. et.all. Study on Structure-property Relationships of Polypropylene/OMMT
Nanocomposites with Different Morphologies, Iranian Polymer Journal,
2007, 16 (11), , 775-785.
Liu X, Wu Q. PP/clay nanocomposites prepared by grafting-melt intercalation,
Polymer, 2001, .;42:10013-9.
Liu, S. L. et all., Melt Processing and Properties of Intercalated Polypropylene
/Organoclay Nanocomposites, Polimer, 2004, 21-27.
Liu, S.,L.,et.all.,
Fabrication and properties of b-polypropylene /organoclay
Nanocomposites, SIMTech technical reports,2005,Vol. 6 No.1, 36-38.
Lee, Y.,H.,et.all, Toxicity Assessment of Montmorillonite as a Drug Carrier for
Pharmaceutical Applications: Yeast and Rats Model, Biomedical
Engineering Applications, Basis & Communications, 2005, Vol. 17 No. 2
April 2005.
Lumingkewas, S., Study Pattern Conversion of Ca-Bentonit to Na-Bentonit by XRay Difraction (XRD), Eugenia, 2006, 12(3) ; 242-250.
Lutviansori, A., Wibowo, A., Analisis Mengenai Beberapa Regulasi Mengenai
Iinvestasi di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Pasca Pemberlakuan Otonomi
Khusus, Karya Ilmiah, Banda Aceh, 2007.
Lai, S.M, et all., Melt mixed compatibilized polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: Part
1 – the effect of compatibilizers on optical transmittance and mechanical
properties, Composites: Part A 40 (2009) 754–765.
Leszczynska, A.,et.all., Polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved
thermal properties Part I. Factors influencing thermal stability and
mechanisms of thermal stability improvement, Review, Thermochimica
Acta 453 (2007) 75–96.
Muller, Ulrich. Inorganic Strctural Chemistry. USA: Jhon Willey & Sons, 2006.
Mailhot,B., et.all., Photodegradation of polypropylene nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, (2003) 163–167.
Morlat S, Mailhot B, Gonzalez D, Gardett J. Chem Mater, 2004;16:377.
Manias, E., Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Review of the Synthetic
Routes and Materials Properties, Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 3516-3523.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
130
Modesti, M., Lorenzetti, A., Bon, D., Besco, S., Thermal behaviour of compatibilised
polypropylene nanocomposite: Effect of processing conditions, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, (2006) 672-680.
Martinez, J.M.G., Cofrades, A.G. , Laguna, O., Areso, S., Collar, E.P., Influence of
reactant concentration and reaction time in the chemical modification
process of polypropylene by p-phenylen-bis-maleamic acid in the melt, Eur.
Polym. J., 2000, 2253-2263.
Morgan, A.B., Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites: Design and Application of MultiFunctional Materials, 2007.
Manoratne, C.H., et.all., Ionic Conductivity of Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposites Prepared by Intercalation from
Aqueous Medium, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2006, (1), 32-46.
Morales, A.R., et.all., Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of
Polypropylene Modified with Organophilic Montmorillonite, Polímeros,
vol. 22, 2012, 54-60.
Manohar, D.M., et.all. Adsorption performance of Al-pillared bentonite clay for the
removal of cobalt(II) from aqueous phase, Applied Clay Science 31, (2006)
194–206.
Murtado, H., , Kajian Reaksi Pertukaran Ion Kalsium oleh Ion Natrium pada
Bentonit Alam, FMIPA UGM, Yogyakarta, 1994.
Nejad, S.J., Ahmadi, S. j., Abolghasemi, H., Mohaddespour, A.,. Thermal Stability,
Mechanical Properties and Solvent Resistance of PP/Clay Nanocomposite
Prepared by Melt Blending, Journal of Applied Sciences, 2007, 2480-2484.
Nejad, S.J., Ahmadi, S. j., Abolghasemi, H., Mohaddespour, Influence of Electron
Beam Irradiation on PP/Clay Nano- composites Prepared by Melt Blending,
e-Polymers, 2007, no. 126.
Nowicki, A., et.all., Radiation-induced modification of montmorillonite used as a
filler in PP composite, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 76 , 2007, 893–900.
Olalekan,S.T., et.all., Improving the Polypropylene-Clay Composite Using Carbon
Nanotubes as Secondary Filler, Energy Research Journa, 2010, 68-72.
.
Olad, A.,B., Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites, Advances in Diverse Industrial
Applications of Nanocomposites, review, 2010, 113-138.
Othmer K. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 14. New York: J Wiley.
1964.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
131
Olphen, H., V.,, An introduction to clay colloid chemistry: for clay technologists,
geologists, and soil scientists, John Wiley & Sons; 1977.
Orthman, J., Zhu, H.Y. and G.Q. Lu. “Use of anion clay hydrotalcite to remove
coloured organics from aqueous solutions”. Separation and Purification
Technology, . 2003, 31. 53-59.
Pozsgay,
A., et.all, Gallery structure and exfoliation of organophilized
montmorillonite : effect on composite properties, European Polymer
Journal, 40, 2004, 27–36.
Putra, W.,C., Inventarisasi Mineral Non Logam di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan
Bener Meriah Provinsi Aceh, Proceeding Pemaparan Hasil-Hasil Kegiatan
Lapangan dan Non Lapangan tahun 2009, Pusat Sumber Daya Geologi,
2009.
Pandey, J.K., An overview on the degradability of polymer nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 88, 2005, 234-250.
Posthumus,W., UV-curable Acrylate metal oxide Nanocomposite Coatings, Tesis,
2004.
Qin, H. et.all., Thermal stability and flammability of polypropylene/montmorillonite
composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 85, 2004, 807-813.
Pavlidou, S.,et.all., A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites, Progress
in Polymer Science 33 (2008) 1119–1198.
Rousseaux D.D.J., Sclavons M., Godard P., Marchand J-Brynaert, Carboxylate clays:
A model study for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability, 2010, 1195-1204.
Ramsaroop, A. et.all, Fracture Toughness Studies of Polypropylene-Clay
Nanocomposites and Glass Fibre Reinfoerced Polypropylene Composites,
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2010, 1, 301-309.
Puslitbang Tekmira. (2005). Bentonit. http://www.tekmira.esdm.go.id/, [15 Oktober
2008].
Ramli, M. dkk, Azmy, Nuzul; Lubis, Surya, Karakterisasi bentonit alam Kuala Dua
Aceh Utara dan modifikasinya sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan katalis,
laporan penelitian, FMIPA Unsyiah, 2003.
Rahardjo, A.K, dkk, Modified Ponorogo bentonite for the removal of ampicillin from
wastewater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 190 1001–1008.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
132
Rao, C. N. R. et. al, The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and
Applications. Volume 1: 3-527-30686-2, 2004.
Sheilatina dkk, Modifikasi bentonit alam dan uji aktivitasnya pada reaksi dehidrasi,
laporan penelitian, FMIPA Unsyiah, 2005.
Sudip Ray, Siew Young Quek, Allan Easteal, and Xiao Dong Chen, The Potential
Use of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites in Food Packaging, International
Journal of Food Engineering, 2006, 1-11.
Sekewael, S.,J., Karakterisasi Sifat Fotokimia Komposit Besi Oksida-Montmorillonit
Hasil Interkalasi Silikat Lempung Montmorillonit, Indonesia Chimica Acta,
2008, 24-32.
S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang1, G. H. Do1, W. J. Kim1, J. S. Ki, H. G. Yoon, Q.W, Thermal,
mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour
nanocomposites, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2008, 78–87.
Syuhada, Rachmat W., Jayatin, dan Saeful R.,, Modifikasi Bentonit (Clay) menjadi
Organoclay dengan Penambahan Surfaktan, Jurnal Nanosains &
Nanoteknologi, 2009, 48-51.
Shi,Y., Chen F., Yang J., Zhong M., Crystallinity and thermal stability of
LDH/polypropylene nanocomposites, Applied Clay Science 2010, 87–91.
Shi., D., et. All., An investigation on the dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT)
primary particles in PP matrix, European Polymer Journal 43, (2007) 3250–
3257.
Sharma, S.K., Nayak S.K., Surface modified
clay/polypropylene (PP) nano
composites : Effect on physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological
properties, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94 (2009) 132–138.
Santos, K.S., Optimization of the mechanical properties of polypropylene-based
nanocomposite via the addition of a combination of organoclays,
Composites: Part A 40 (2009) 1199–1209.
Therias, S.M., et all., Photooxidation of Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nano
composites ; Interactions with Antioxidants, Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 10721078.
Tan, K. H., Dasar-dasar Kimia Tanah, a.b. Goenadi, D. H., Penyunting
Radjagukguk, B., Cet.5, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 1982.
Touati, N., et.all., The effects of reprocessing cycles on the structure and properties
of
isotactic polypropylene/cloisite 15A nanocomposites, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 96 (2011) 1064 -1073.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
133
Tasrif, dkk., Pengaruh Pemanasan pada Proses Pra-Aktivasi Terhadap Struktur, SifatSifat Swelling dan Kapasitas Tukar Kation Bentonit, Prosiding Pemaparan
Hasil Litbang Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknik, 1996, 105-111.
Sarasanantham, P. et.all., Montmorillonite Clay Nano Particle Embedded Nano
Fibers for UV Protected Curtains to be Used in Smart House with Nano
Technology, International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment
(ICSBE-2010), Kandy, 2010.
Usuki A, Kato M, Okada A, Kurauchi T. J Appl Polym Sci 1997;63:137.
Wijaya, K., Sugiharto, E., Mudasir, Tahir I., Liawati I., Synthesis of Iron OxideMontmorillonite Composite and Study of Its Structural Stability Againts
Sulfuric Acid, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2004, 4(1), 32-42.
Wang, D., Y., et all, Thermal degradation behaviors of a novel nanocomposite based
on polypropylene and Co-Al layered double hydroxide, Polymer
Degradation and Stability 96, (2011) 285-290.
Wang, Z. M., et.all., Exfoliated PP/Clay Nanocomposites Using AmmoniumTerminated PP as the Organic Modification for Montmorillonite,
Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 8919-8922.
Zanetti M, Camino G, Reichert P, Mu¨ lhaupt R. Macromol Rapid Commun
2002;22:176.
Zhang S., Hull T. R., Horrocks A. R., Smart G. Kandola B.K., Ebdon J., Joseph P.,
Huntd B., Thermal degradation analysis and XRD characterisation of fibreforming synthetic polypropylene containing nanoclay, Polymer Degradation
and Stability (2007) 727-732.
Zhang, X.,et.all., Polypropylene/montmorillonite composites and their application in
hybrid fiber preparation by melt-spinning, Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, 92, 2004 552–558.
Zhou,Y., Pervin, F., Rangari V.K., Jeelani,,S., Influence of montmorillonite clay on
the thermal and mechanical properties of conventional carbon fiber
reinforced composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007,
347–35.
Zhirong, L., et.all. FT-IR and XRD analysis of natural Na-bentonite and Cu(II)loaded Na-bentonite, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 79, (2011) 1013– 1016.
Universitas Sumatera Utara