FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR DARI EKSTRAK KULIT KERING BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum L) TERHADAP Streptococcus mutans.

ABSTRAK

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Buah delima diketahui mempunyai aktivitas dalam menghambat bakteri Streptococcus
mutans, yang diketahui sebagai penyebab karies gigi. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan
formulasi sediaan obat kumur dari ekstrak kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L)
sebagai alternatif pengobatan karies gigi dan uji aktivitasnya terhadap Streptococcus mutans.
Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi penapisan fitokimia, penentuan konsentrasi hambat
tumbuh minimum, formulasi sediaan obat kumur, uji banding sediaan obat kumur dan

pegujian waktu kontak sediaan obat kumur. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa
ekstrak kulit kering buah delima mengandung senyawa polifenolat, tannin, flavonoid, kuinon,
saponin, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid. Konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum ekstrak
kulit kering buah delima adalah 2,5% b/v. Hasil formulasi sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit
kering buah delima berbentuk larutan, berwarna coklat, memiliki bau khas ekstrak dan rasa
manis, diikuti pahit. Hasil uji banding sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering buah delima
dengan formula di pasaran menunjukkan bahwa sediaan obat kumur ekstrak kulit kering
buah delima dengan konsentrasi 5% b/v dan 10%b/v memberikan perbedaan yang nyata
pada diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri juga terhadap perubahan konsentrasi ekstrak
kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L) dan formula pembanding. Sediaan obat kumur
ekstrak kulit kering buah delima (Punica granatum L) mampu membunuh bakteri uji dengan
waktu kontak 90 detik. Obat kumur yang disimpan selama 14 hari waktu penyimpanan
menunjukkan adanya endapan yang bila dikocok larut lagi.

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Kata kunci : Obat kumur, buah delima, Punica granatum L, Streptococcus mutans, karies gigi

ABSTRACT

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Pomegranate fruit was known that have activity of inhibiting the bacteria Streptococcus
mutans, which was known as the cause of dental caries. In this research, carried out
formulations of gargle with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L)
extracts as an alternative of dental caries therapy and test its activity against Streptococcus
mutans. The research includes phytochemical screening, determination of minimum

inhibitory concentration, formulation of gargle, appeal test of formulas and contact time test.
The result of phytochemical screening showed that the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit
extracts containing polyphenolate, tannine, flavonoids , quinones, saponin, monoterpenoid
and seskuiterpenoid. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the pericarp of the pomegranate
fruit extract was 2,5% w/v. The results of formulations gargle with the pericarp of the
pomegranate fruit extract are brown solution with distinctive odour of the pomegranate and
taste sweet, following by bitter taste. Appeal test result of gargle with the pericarp of the
pomegranate fruit extract and formulas in the market showed that the formula with the
pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract with a concentration of 5% w / v and 10%w/v
provide a noticeable difference in the antibacterial activity of inhibitory zone diameters also
changes in concentration of dry extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) and the
formula for comparison. Formulas with the pericarp of the pomegranate fruit extract capable
of killing bacteria test with a contact time of 90 seconds. Formulas with the pericarp of the
pomegranate fruit extract which formulated for the 14 days of storage time showed a
precipitation was occurred but it disappeared after the bottle shaked.

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Keyword : Gargle, pomegranate fruit,Punica granatum L Streptococcus mutans, dental
caries