Week 2 ethics in research business

  Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Ethics in Business Ethics in Business Research Research McGraw-Hill/Irwin ^{Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.}

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Understand . .

  

What issues are covered in research ethics.

The goal of “no harm” for all research activities and what constitutes no harm for participant, researcher, and research sponsor.

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Understand . .

  Differing ethical dilemmas and responsibilities of researchers, sponsors, and research assistants. Role of ethical codes of conduct in professional associations.

  PulsePoint: PulsePoint: Research Revelation Research Revelation

Data Collectors Face Data Collectors Face Responsibilities Responsibilities

  

“[Privacy pragmatists are] often willing to allow

people to have access to, and to use, their

personal information where they understand the

reasons for its use, where they see tangible benefits for so doing, and when they believe care is taken to prevent the misuse of this information.”

  Humphrey Taylor chairman of The Harris Poll® Harris Interactive.

Types of Ethical Violations Types of Ethical Violations

  Violating disclosure agreements

  Violating disclosure agreements

  Breaking confidentiality Breaking confidentiality

  Misrepresenting results Misrepresenting results

  Deceiving participants Deceiving participants

  Padded invoices Padded invoices

  Avoiding legal liability Avoiding legal liability

Procter & Gamble Procter & Gamble

  Admits to competitive intelligence gathering Contracted BI firm took documents from

  Unilever trash receptacles Out-of-court settlement rumored

  (and reported) at $10m

Ethical Approaches Ethical Approaches

  Ethical

  

Ethical

  standards

  standards Ethical

  Ethical

  standards

  standards

  Ethical Relativism Deontology

Ethical Approaches Ethical Approaches

How would you assess the P&G case using the two ethical approaches?

  Ethical Deontology Relativism

  Ethical Codes of Conduct Ethical Codes of Conduct

PulsePoint: PulsePoint: Research Revelation Research Revelation

  The amount, in millions, that employers will lose this year due to employee fraud.

  $944

  Ethical Issues at all Stages of Ethical Issues at all Stages of the Research Process the Research Process

  Ethical Treatment of Participants Ethical Treatment of Participants Explain study benefits Explain study benefits Explain participant rights and protections Explain participant rights and protections Obtain informed consent Obtain informed consent

Components of Components of Informed Consent Informed Consent

• Identify researchers
• Describe survey topic
• Describe target sample
• Identify sponsor
• Describe purpose of
• Give “good-faith”
• State participation is
• State item-non

  research

• Promise anonymity and
• Ask for permission

  confidentiality

  estimate of required time commitment

  voluntary

  response is acceptable

Characteristics of Characteristics of Informed Consent Informed Consent

  

Elements

Competence

  

Informed

Knowledge Voluntary

Ethical Responsibilities Ethical Responsibilities

  Special guidelines apply to children! Informed consent means parental approval.

Deception Deception

  Disguising non-research activities

  Camouflaging true research objectives

Debriefing Debriefing

  Explain any deception Explain any deception

  Describe purpose Describe purpose

  Share results Share results

  Provide follow-up Provide follow-up

Participant Confidentiality Participant Confidentiality

  

Obtain signed

nondisclosure

Non- Non-

  Restrict Restrict disclosure of disclosure of access to ID access to ID data subsets data subsets Minimize Minimize Reveal only instruments instruments with written requiring ID requiring ID consent

Right to Privacy Right to Privacy

  Right to refuse Right to refuse

  Prior permission to interview Prior permission to interview

  Limit time required Limit time required

The U.S. Safe Harbor The U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement Agreement

  Security Security

  Notice Notice

  Access Access

  Enforcement Enforcement

  Choice Choice

  Onward Transfer

  Onward Transfer

  Data Integrity

  Data Integrity

Confidentiality Confidentiality

  Sponsor Nondisclosure Sponsor Nondisclosure

  Purpose Nondisclosure Purpose Nondisclosure

  Findings Nondisclosure Findings Nondisclosure

What To Do If Coerced? What To Do If Coerced?

  Educate on purpose

  Emphasize fact-finding role

  Explain problems Terminate relationship

  Effective Codes of Ethics Effective Codes of Ethics

Key Terms Key Terms

• Code of ethics • Nondisclosure • Confidentiality
• – Findings
• Debriefing
• – Purpose
• Deception
• – Sponsor