The Influence of Dairy Farming Motivation on Dairy Cows Productivity in Different Disaster Prone Areas of Merapi Volcano - repository civitas UGM
th The 6
ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production “Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production” PROCEEDINGS
October 20-22, 2015 Yogyakarta Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-1215-26-8
Published by: Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2015
th The 6
ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production “Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production” PROCEEDINGS
commemorating: October 20-22, 2015 Yogyakarta Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-1215-26-8
Published by: Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2015
PROCEEDINGS th The 6
ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
“Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production”
Published by: Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah MadaISBN: 978-979-1215-26-8 ©2015, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic or mechanical, now known or heretofore invented, without written permission from the publisher.
Address: Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jl. Fauna 3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Phone : +62-274-513363/+62-274-560868 Fax : +62-274-521578 Email: istap@ugm.ac.id Website: www.istap.ugm.ac.id
Editor-in-Chief
Cuk Tri Noviandi
(Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Editorial Board
Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Zaenal Bachruddin (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Ristianto Utomo (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Widodo (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Soeparno (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Yuny Erwanto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Adiarto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Ismaya (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Tety Hartatik (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Wihandoyo (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Endang Baliarti (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Krishna Agung Santosa (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Sudi Nurtini (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Budi Guntoro (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Nanung Danar Dono (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Zuprizal (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Keshav L. Maharjan (Hiroshima University, Japan)Henning Otte Hansen (University of Copenhagen, Denmark)
Yukinori Yoshimura (Hiroshima University, Japan) Allen Young (Utah State University, USA) Yanin Opatpatanakit (Maejo University, Thailand)
Editorial Staff
Rima Amalia EW, Prisilia Putri S, Miftahush S Haq, Septi Mulatmi,
Aditya Alqamal, Riyan Nugroho A, Pradiptya AH, Satyaguna R,
Zefanya AG, Bagas Pamungkas
PREFACE
On behalf of Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, I am pleased to present you the 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP) which is held on October 20 – 22, 2015 at Auditorium drh. Soepardjo, Faculty of Animal Science UGM, Yogyakarta. Under the main theme “Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production”, we expect that information and ideas on animal production systems in the tropics and its related problems will be shared among participants, thus we can elaborate an integrated approach in developing sustainable tropical animal production. I believe, this can be achieved since more than 250 animal scientists, researchers, students, and producers from more than 15 countries join this seminar.
In this moment, I have to address my great thanks to all people who have contributed for the success of this seminar. First, to all participants, thank you for your contributions, time, and efforts in participating in all sessions in this seminar. We also would like to extend our gratitude to the reviewers and editors for dedicate their expertise and precious time in reviewing and editing the papers. I deeply appreciate the hard work of all members of the Steering Committee, Organizing Committee, and students of Faculty of Animal Science UGM for making this seminar achieved a great success! I hope all of you enjoy the seminar and Jogja as well! Dr. Cuk Tri Noviandi Editor in Chief
REPORT FROM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Dear all of the scientists, delegates, participants, ladies and gentlemen, Praise be to The Almighty for His Merciful and Beneficent to raise up this memorable moment for all of the scientists and delegates from all over the world who were interested in Animal Science field to meet up together.
On behalf of all the members of Board Committee, it is my great pleasure and honor to welcome all of you and impress thankful, and present a high appreciation for your participation th in joining the 6
ISTAP in Yogyakarta, one of the Special Region in Indonesia where culture and tradition live in harmony with the modern nuance and educational spirit makes it a beautiful venue of this seminar.
During this event, we have distinguished scientists from all over the world to present plenary papers Livestock Management, Production, and Environment; Feed, Land, and Landscape for Sustainable Animal Production; Livestock Industry and Technology; Economics, Social, and Culture in Livestock Development; and Special issue on Halal Food, Safety and Regulation. It is noted that around 200 scientists as well as livestock producers, companies, graduate and postgraduate students from 15 countries attend the seminar; and more than 160 research papers will be presented. We can see great enthusiasm of all the scientists to solve livestock problems as well as to share valuable information and knowledge for human prosperity all over the world. th
The 6
ISTAP Program consists of scientific and technical programs as well as social and cultural activities. The scientific and technical programs offer 4 plenary sessions, field trip, and many scientific sessions (both oral and poster presentation). The social and cultural programs of th the 6
ISTAP are very important as the scientific and technical programs since the promotion of friendship and future scientific cooperation are also central to this seminar. Opening Ceremony offers you the Seminar Program a glance. Participants will attend a warm invitation from Dean Faculty of Animal Science UGM in a Welcome Dinner that will give you the most memorable moment to attend. Field trip activity offers a wonderful sightseeing to the most spectacular natural landmark in Yogyakarta, Merapi Lava Tour and Ulen Sentalu Museum. We do hope that you will not miss any of these wonderful opportunities. nd
Closing Ceremony will be held on October 22 , 2015, immediately after the last session of presentation. The 6th ISTAP award will be announced for some participant as an appreciation for their valuable research. th
Finally, on behalf of 6
ISTAP Committee, I wish all of the participants having a great achievement of success and fulfill the expectation as well as enjoying the interaction with all scientists participating in the seminar.
High appreciation I may acknowledge to the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada and Dean Faculty of Animal Science UGM, who have concerned to facilitate the seminar site host. Special thank to the Steering Committee, Scientific Committee, Reviewers and Editorial Boards for their great contribution to make the seminar successfully organized.
Terima kasih (Thank you).
Sincerely Yours, Prof. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, Ph.D Chairman th The Organizing Committee of the 6
ISTAP
WELCOME ADDRESS
Selamat pagi (Good morning)
Dear Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada, all of Invited Speakers, honorable guests, all of delegates, participants, distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen Attendants of The 6th ISTAP, th
It is my great pleasure and honor to extend a warm welcome to all of you at The 6 International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production, which be held on October 20 – 22, 2015 at Auditorium drh. Soepardjo, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Indonesia. This seminar is proudly organized by Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada.
The contribution of this seminar to the development of national food security is truly significant for introducing of new scientific knowledge and equipments that is much needed in Indonesia to maintain a safe and secure environment and to look at more effective ways to meet future challenges. We can see great enthusiasm of the entire participant to present their latest research as well as to share valuable information and knowledge for human prosperity all over the world.
In these 3 days of seminar, we have invited some Plenary Speakers and Invited Papers who are qualified as scientists and bureaucrats in animal science field to share their valuable information and knowledge. Other participants can deliver their precious research through oral and poster presentations.
Finally, on behalf of Faculty of Animal Science, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the Minister of Rural, Rural Development, and Transmigration, Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Marwan Jafar, for his generosity to be with us here to give Keynote Speech. Then, it is our great honor and pleasure to have qualified scientists and bureaucrats as Plenary Speakers and Invited Papers to share their valuable knowledge during the plenary and concurrent sessions. Moreover, special thank you is for the Steering Committee, Scientific Committee, Reviewers and Editorial Boards for their great contribution to make the seminar a great success. Also, we would like to congratulate and deliver high appreciation to the Organizing Committee as the organizer for their great contribution and generous efforts to make the seminar successfully organized.
And to all of the participants, I hope that this seminar will always success and bring some acknowledgement for all of us. Also, I wish all of the participants having a great achievement of success and fulfill the expectation as well as enjoying the interaction with all participants.
With all of our hospitality, we will try our best to make your brief visit to our country become a wonderful and memorable moments. We are looking forward to meeting you all in the future event.
Wish you all a very pleasant and most enjoyable stay in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, beside you scientific journeys.
Terima kasih (Thank you).
Sincerely Yours, Prof. Dr. Ali Agus Dean Faculty of Animal Science UGM
OPENING REMARKS
Dear all of Scientists, distinguished guests, delegates, participants, Ladies and Gentlemen, On behalf of Universitas Gadjah Mada, I am happy to welcome you and present a high appreciation for your participation in joining the 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal
Production hosted by the Faculty of Animal Science UGM in Yogyakarta from 20 – 22 October 2015.
Under the theme of “Integrated Approaches in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production”, we do hope that this seminar concludes with shared ideas and best practices, technology, and global networks that are required to increase animal production. The increase of animal production as one source of food is crucial to feed the world given that the population is expected to increase from 6 billion to about 8.3 billion in 2030. According to FAO (2008, 2009), the consumption of animal food increased from 10 kg/per annum in 1960, 26 kg/per annum in 200, and it is expected to be 37 kg/per annum. Animal production is an integral part of food production and contributing for the quality of human food supply. Animal and agricultural production is an important component in the integrated farming systems in developing countries as this produces high quality foods, provides job opportunities in rural areas, as well as enriching livelihood.
As a tropical country with high animal biodiversity, Indonesia and other tropical countries, have a variety number of indigenous and local animal genetic resources and germ plasm. This variety of animal germ plasm could be explored and developed not only for animal and food production but also for animal conservation. Apart from being exploited as food resources, it is therefore important to consider animal conservation. Conservation will protect the genetic potency of local bred and their family, and the domesticated animal bred, and this would secure our future food resources.
In these 3 days of seminar, we believe those aforementioned issues will be discussed, and technical solution as well as recommendation will be provided to solve the existing problems in tropical animal production.
Finally, on behalf of Universitas Gadjah Mada, we would like to congratulate and thanks to the Faculty of Animal Science UGM as the organizer for their great efforts to make the seminar successfully organized. To all of participants, I wish all of you have a great discussion and interaction with other scientists participating in the seminar as well as enjoying your time in Yogyakarta.
Thank you Prof. Ir. Dwikorita Karnawati, M.Sc., Ph.D. Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada
LIST OF CONTENTS
PLENARY SESSION
Budi Guntoro ............................................................................................................................20-27
LEAD PAPER
SUPPORTING PAPERS
Part I Animal Feed and Nutrition
Small Ruminant, Beef Cattle, Animal Draught and Companion Animal
..........................................................................................................331-334
Agus salim, Nafiatul Umami, Erwan............................................335-338
Poultry Science
Dairy Science and Industry
PART II Animal Breeding and Reproduction
Agribusiness and Livestock Socioeconomics
Animal Products Technology
Waste and Environmental Issues
th
The 6 International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The Influence of Dairy Farming Motivation on Dairy Cows Productivity in
Different Disaster Prone Areas of Merapi Volcano
1 2 3 4 S. Andarwati , F. Trisakti Haryadi , B. Guntoro , E. Sulastri 1234Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University Corresponding email: standarwat@gmail.com; andar_siti@ugm.ac.id
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze: 1) Dairy farmers motivation in disaster-prone areas
(DPA) II and DPA III of Merapi volcano, and 2) The influence of dairy farmers motivation on dairy cows productivity. The research was conducted using household survey with interviews involving respondents were selected. The location determined by purposive sampling study, which was located in DPA II and DPA III of Merapi volcano. Samples or materials research was determined by Purposive Sampling method. Dairy farmers in disaster-prone areas chosen with the following criteria: 1) maintain dairy cows at least one year, and 2) as the member of farmer group’s cage. The respondent took by using the Census for farmers who have the criteria. Assessment of dairy farming motivation was based on criteria according to the Likert scale. In order to determine the influence of dairy farming motivation on the productivity of dairy cows made by Regression. The average value of dairy farming motivation was high for both areas of research in DPA III of 110.19 while in DPA II amounted to 106.05. Farmer motivation in the DPA III was higher if compared with the farmer in DPA II. There were very little influence of dairy farming motivation on the productivity of dairy cows, even in terms of milk production (0.07), services per conception (0.05) and calving interval (0.002).
Keywords: Motivation, Dairy farming, Productivity of dairy cows, Merapi disaster-prone areas
INTRODUCTION
Dairy farm is one of the main businesses in the livestock sub-sector which has a prospective opportunities. The development of the dairy farm providing a positive impact on job creation in rural and promising cash income, so it can motivate farmers to take an active role in agribusiness activities in order to improve the income and quality of family nutrition. Dairy farm in Yogyakarta is mostly done on the slopes of Merapi. Merapi slope according to BNPB (2010) is divided into three disaster-prone areas (DPA), namely DPA I, DPA II and DPA III. DPA III is the area that closest from the peak of Merapi volcano. Most of the dairy farm on the slopes of Merapi, which is located in the Sleman regency cultivated by small farmers.
Dairy farmer income generated from the sales of milk production and calfs. To get a high milk production and calf every year, it’s necessary to have a high quality of dairy cows and good management. Good management in livestock is one of the key of the productivity to be optimal. Farmers in maintaining dairy cows in their daily life may possible because of the motivation from themselves. The importance of the farmers motivation in raising dairy farm needs to be studied more in depth, and analyzed the effect of farmers motivation to the productivity of dairy cattle that reflected not only milk production but also on reproductive performance in the form of services per conception (S/C) and calving interval (CI). Dairy cow productivity greatly impact to the economic income of the farmer. This study was inspired by Nasrudin research (2011) which states that there is a relationship between farmers motivation with income of farmers. th
The 6 International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted using household survey with interviews involving respondents were selected. The location determined by purposive sampling study, which was located in DPA
II and DPA III of Merapi volcano. Samples or materials research was determined by Purposive Sampling method. Dairy farmers in disaster-prone areas chosen with the following criteria: 1) maintain dairy cows at least one year, and 2) as the member of farmer group’s cage. The respondent took by using the Census to farmers who have the criteria. Overall the number of respondents are 60 farmers, consisting of 40 farmers from DPA III and 20 farmers from DPA II. Assessment of dairy farming motivation was based on criteria according to the Likert scale. In order to determine the influence of dairy farming motivation on the productivity of dairy cows made by Regression.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The average value of a dairy farmers motivation in DPA III amounted to 110.19 while in DPA II amounted to 106.05. Motivation of dairy farmers in DPA III is higher than the motivation of farmers in DPA II. This is because of farmers in the DPA III more experienced (8.73 years) if compared with farmers in the DPA II (2.95 years). Farmer’s active participation in the group can increase their knowledge and motivation in this business. This is due, farmers can exchange information with others and receive information from extension workers, and they also get support/ ease of access to services in infrastructure and in product sales.
Dairy cows productivity can be observed in three important aspects, including milk production, service per conception (S/C) and calving interval (CI) (Table 1). Milk production and the value of the S/C in DPA III is better than DPA II, however, the value of CI in DPA III longer if compared with CI in DPA II.
Table 1. The productivity of dairy cows
Region Indicator
DPA III DPA II The average milk production per dairy cows (liters / day)
10.25
11.43 Services per conception (frequency)
1.89
1.92 Calving interval (months)
12.48
11.47 Source: Primary data analyzed (2014) The average value of milk production at both sites is higher than the average productivity of milk in Sleman regency before the Merapi eruption of 2010 according to Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (2012); 10 liters/head/day and after the eruption of 9.15 liters/head/ day. The value of the milk production according to Ilham & Priyanti (2011) in the members of the cooperative on the slopes of Merapi, which is between 9-15 liters/head/day. The value of services per conception at both sites of study, included in the normal category. According Toelihere (1993) in the Indonesia Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Directorate of Livestock Breeding (2012), the ranges value of the S/C normally between 1.6- 2.0. Thus, according Vandeplassche (1982), the low value of the S/C is very important in the economic sense, both in natural insemination or artificial insemination (IB). The value of S/C exceeding 2.0 is considered unfavorable because it demonstrates reproduction inefficient and would be detrimental economically. Value of calving interval is better than the research Pramono et al., (2008) in 62 th
The 6 International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia groups of farmers who are members of three dairy cooperatives that are UPP Kaliurang, Sarono Makmur and Warga Mulya in Yogyakarta that shows the value of CI average 434.77 ± 59.20 days. Calving Interval value of dairy cows in DPA II approached the optimum for CI cows according Vandeplassche (1982), i.e 12 months.
The amount of influence of the dairy farmers motivation to the milk production can be observed in Table 2. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.264 and R Square of 0.07. The value of the effect of motivation on milk production is very small, which is only 0.07.
Table 2. Model Summary
Model Std. Error of the
R R Square Adjusted R Square Estimate 1 0.264a
0.70 0.053 3.44991
a. Predictors: (Constant), motivation Th e amount of influence of dairy farmers’ motivation to services per conception can be observed in Table 3. The value of correlation coefficient (R) of 0.223 and R Square of 0.05. The value of the effect of motivation on the S/C is very small, which is only 0.05.
Table 3. Model Summary
Model Std. Error of the
R R Square Adjusted R Square Estimate 1 0.223a 0.050 0.033 1.16840 a. Predictors: (Constant), motivation
The amount of influence of dairy farmers motivation to calving interval can be observed in Table 4. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.041 and R Square of 0.002. The value of the effect of motivation on calving interval is very small, which is only 0.002.
Table 4. Model Summary
Model Std. Error of the
R R Square Adjusted R Square Estimate 1 0.041a 0.002 -0.016 5.23548 a. Predictors: (Constant), motivation th
The 6 International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia greater influence on the productivity of dairy cow.
IMPLICATIONS
The average value of dairy farming motivation was high for both areas of research in DPA
III of 110.19 while in DPA II amounted to 106.05. Farmer’s motivation in the DPA III was higher than in DPA II. There were very little influence of dairy farming motivation on the productivity of dairy cows, even in terms of aspects of milk production (0.07), services per conception (0.05) and calving interval (0.002).
REFERENCES
Ajzen, I., Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior, Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1988.Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Yogyakarta, 2012. Produksi Susu Sapi Perah Pada
Kelembagaan Koperasi Di Kabupaten Sleman Pasca Erupsi Gunung Merapi 2010. BPTP Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.
BNPB. 2010. Merapi Disaster Prone Area; Disaster Management Agency. BNPB, Yogyakarta. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan Dan Kesehatan Hewan, Direktorat Budidaya Ternak. 2012.
Pedoman Optimalisasi Inseminasi Buatan (IB) tahun 2012. Jakarta.
Ilham, N., Priyanti, A., 2011. Dampak Bencana Merapi Terhadap Usaha Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Sleman.
WARTAZOA. Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 Th 2011, 161-170. Nasrudin, 2011. Hubungan Etos Kerja, Motivasi dan Sikap Inovatif Peternak Kerbau Di Kabupaten
Manggarai Barat. Tesis Sekolah Pascasarjana, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Pramono, A., Kustono, H.Hartadi. 2008. Calving Interval Sapi Perah Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Ditinjau Dari Kinerja Reproduksi. Buletin Peternakan Vo. 32(1): 38-50.
Yogyakarta. Vanderplassche, M. 1982. Reproductive Efficiency in Cattle. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No 25. Rome. Italy.