Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Dengan Amoksisilin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
EFEK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L)
DENGAN AMOKSISILIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI
Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRAK
Kombinasi antibiotik dan ekstrak tanaman merupakan konsep baru untuk
pengobatan infeksi bakteri resisten. Daun sirih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri
terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus karena mengandung
metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan minyak atsiri.
Kombinasi ekstrak dengan amoksisilin perlu diuji untuk mengetahui efektivitas
dibandingkan tunggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik
simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun
sirih dengan amoksisilin.
Simplisia dikarakterisasi untuk menentukan kadar air, kadar sari larut
dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut
asam serta kandungan senyawa kimia. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan menyari serbuk
simplisia dalam etanol 96% secara maserasi. Kandungan senyawa kimia ekstrak
daun sirih juga diuji dalam penelitian ini. Uji aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi
ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin menggunakan bakteri Escherichia
coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar
menggunakan cakram kertas.
Serbuk simplisia daun sirih mengandung kadar air 3,66%, kadar sari larut
dalam air 22,54%, kadar sari larut etanol 14,65%, kadar abu total 9,25%, dan
kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 1,03%. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun
sirih mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid.
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirih memiliki konsentrasi hambat
minimum (KHM) pada bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 8 mg/mL
dengan diameter zona hambat 7,22 mm dan pada amoksisilin 5 µg/mL dengan
diameter zona hambat 6,83 mm. Pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus konsentrasi
hambat minimum (KHM) untuk ekstrak etanol daun sirih pada konsentrasi 9
mg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 6,23 mm dan untuk amoksisilin 10 µg/mL
dengan diameter zona hambat 7,05 mm. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih
dengan amoksisilin untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari keduanya mengalami
peningkatan diameter zona hambat dan memiliki efek yang sinergis.
Kata kunci:
antibakteri, kombinasi, KHM, daun sirih, amoksisilin, Escherichia
coli,Staphylococcus aureus.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BETEL
LEAF WITH AMOXICILLIN AGAINTST BACTERIAL GROWTH
Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRACT
The combination of antibiotic and plant extract is a new concept and has
been used for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Betel leaves have
antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus because
they contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, saponin, tanin, and steroid/
triterpenoid. Extract combination with amoxicillin needs to be tested to determine
the effectiveness of a single comparison. This study aims was to investigated the
characteristics of simplex, extract and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of
betel leaf wihich was combinated with amoxicillin.
Simplisia characterized to determine the water content, the levels of
soluble extract in water, the levels of soluble extract in ethanol, total ash and acid
insoluble ash content and the amount of chemical compounds. The extraction of
betel leef was maseration by using ethanol 96%. The content of betel leaf extract
chemical compounds were also tested in this research. Antibacterial activity test
of ethanol extract of betel leaf which was combination with amoxicillin using the
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterium that was agar diffusion
method by using the paper discs.
Powder simplicia betel leaf was obtained water content is 3.66%, water
soluble extract value content 22.54%, ethanol soluble extract content value
14.65%, total ash value 9.25%, and the acid insoluble ash value 1.03%.
Phytochemical screening of simplicia powder and ethanol extract of betel leaves
contained flavonoid, saponin, tanin and steroid. Antibacterial activity test of
ethanol extract of betel leaf had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the
bacteria Escherichia coli at a concentration 8 mg / mL with a diameter zone of
inhibition 7,22 mm and mix of amoxicillin 5 ug / mL with diameter zone of
inhibition 6.83 mm. While Staphylococcus aureus bacteria had minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of betel leaf at a concentration
of 9 mg / mL with a diameter of 6.23 mm and mix of amoxicillin and 10 ug / mL
with diameter zone inhibition 7.05 mm. Antibacterial activity test of combination
ethanol extracts of betel leaf with amoxicillin for both of Escherichia coli and
Staphylococcus aureus had increase minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
diameter of zone inhibition and have a synergistic effect.
Keywords:
antibacterial, combination, MIC, betel
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
leaves,
amoxicillin,
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DENGAN AMOKSISILIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI
Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRAK
Kombinasi antibiotik dan ekstrak tanaman merupakan konsep baru untuk
pengobatan infeksi bakteri resisten. Daun sirih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri
terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus karena mengandung
metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan minyak atsiri.
Kombinasi ekstrak dengan amoksisilin perlu diuji untuk mengetahui efektivitas
dibandingkan tunggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik
simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun
sirih dengan amoksisilin.
Simplisia dikarakterisasi untuk menentukan kadar air, kadar sari larut
dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut
asam serta kandungan senyawa kimia. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan menyari serbuk
simplisia dalam etanol 96% secara maserasi. Kandungan senyawa kimia ekstrak
daun sirih juga diuji dalam penelitian ini. Uji aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi
ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin menggunakan bakteri Escherichia
coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar
menggunakan cakram kertas.
Serbuk simplisia daun sirih mengandung kadar air 3,66%, kadar sari larut
dalam air 22,54%, kadar sari larut etanol 14,65%, kadar abu total 9,25%, dan
kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 1,03%. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun
sirih mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid.
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirih memiliki konsentrasi hambat
minimum (KHM) pada bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 8 mg/mL
dengan diameter zona hambat 7,22 mm dan pada amoksisilin 5 µg/mL dengan
diameter zona hambat 6,83 mm. Pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus konsentrasi
hambat minimum (KHM) untuk ekstrak etanol daun sirih pada konsentrasi 9
mg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 6,23 mm dan untuk amoksisilin 10 µg/mL
dengan diameter zona hambat 7,05 mm. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih
dengan amoksisilin untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari keduanya mengalami
peningkatan diameter zona hambat dan memiliki efek yang sinergis.
Kata kunci:
antibakteri, kombinasi, KHM, daun sirih, amoksisilin, Escherichia
coli,Staphylococcus aureus.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BETEL
LEAF WITH AMOXICILLIN AGAINTST BACTERIAL GROWTH
Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRACT
The combination of antibiotic and plant extract is a new concept and has
been used for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Betel leaves have
antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus because
they contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, saponin, tanin, and steroid/
triterpenoid. Extract combination with amoxicillin needs to be tested to determine
the effectiveness of a single comparison. This study aims was to investigated the
characteristics of simplex, extract and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of
betel leaf wihich was combinated with amoxicillin.
Simplisia characterized to determine the water content, the levels of
soluble extract in water, the levels of soluble extract in ethanol, total ash and acid
insoluble ash content and the amount of chemical compounds. The extraction of
betel leef was maseration by using ethanol 96%. The content of betel leaf extract
chemical compounds were also tested in this research. Antibacterial activity test
of ethanol extract of betel leaf which was combination with amoxicillin using the
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterium that was agar diffusion
method by using the paper discs.
Powder simplicia betel leaf was obtained water content is 3.66%, water
soluble extract value content 22.54%, ethanol soluble extract content value
14.65%, total ash value 9.25%, and the acid insoluble ash value 1.03%.
Phytochemical screening of simplicia powder and ethanol extract of betel leaves
contained flavonoid, saponin, tanin and steroid. Antibacterial activity test of
ethanol extract of betel leaf had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the
bacteria Escherichia coli at a concentration 8 mg / mL with a diameter zone of
inhibition 7,22 mm and mix of amoxicillin 5 ug / mL with diameter zone of
inhibition 6.83 mm. While Staphylococcus aureus bacteria had minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of betel leaf at a concentration
of 9 mg / mL with a diameter of 6.23 mm and mix of amoxicillin and 10 ug / mL
with diameter zone inhibition 7.05 mm. Antibacterial activity test of combination
ethanol extracts of betel leaf with amoxicillin for both of Escherichia coli and
Staphylococcus aureus had increase minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
diameter of zone inhibition and have a synergistic effect.
Keywords:
antibacterial, combination, MIC, betel
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
leaves,
amoxicillin,
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara