Pengaruh Molar Metanol Dengan Minyak dan Waktu Reaksi Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Limbah Minyak Jelantah dengan Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Abu Kulit Pisang Kepok
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1]
Prateepchaikul,
Gumpon.,
Allen,
Michael
L.,
Leevijit,
Theerayut.,
Thaveesinshopha, Kittisak., Methyl Ester Production from High Free Fatty Acid
Mixed Crude Palm Oil, Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, Vol. 29 No. 6, p. 15511561, 2007.
[2]
Ramaraju, A. dan Ashok, Kumar T. V., Biodiesel Development from High Free
Fatty Acid Punnakka Oil, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
Vol. 6 No. 4, ISSN : 1819-6608, 2011.
[3]
Suirta, I. W., Preparasi Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Kelapa Sawit, Jurnal
Kimia, 3 (1), p. 1-6, ISSN : 1907-9850, Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran,
2009.
[4]
El-Mashad, Hamed M., Zhang, Ruihong dan Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J., A
Two-Step Process for Biodiesel Production from Salmon Oil, Biosystems
Engineering, 99 (220-227), Elsevier, 2007.
[5]
Ilmi, Ibnu Bakhrul Malkan, Ali Komsan, Sri Anna Marliyati., Kualitas Minyak
Goreng dan Produk Gorengan Selama Penggorengan di Rumah Tangga
Indonesia., Departemen Gizi Masyarakat Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 2015
[6]
Pandiangandan , K.D, dan Wasinton Simanjuntak., Sintesis Katalis Heterogen
MgO/SiO2 Sekam Padi dengan Metode Sol-Gel dan Aplikasinya Pada Reaksi
Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa ,Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung ,
Lampung, 2013.
[7]
Betiku E, Ajala SO. Modeling And Optimization Of Thevetia Peruviana (Yellow
Oleander) Oil Biodiesel Synthesis Via Musa Paradisiacal (Plantain) Peels As
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst: A Case Of Artificial Neural Network Vs.
Response Surface Methodology. Ind Crops Prod, 2014
[8]
Betiku Eriola, Aramide Mistunda Akuntinde, Tunde Victor Ojumu, Banana
peels as a biobase catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production using
Napoleon's plume (Bauhinia monandra) seed oil: A process parameters
optimization study, Energy, 2016.
39
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[9]
Chin L, Hamed B, Ahmad A, Process Optimation For Biodiesel Production
From Waste Cooking Oil Palm Oil (Elais Guinensi) Using Response Surface
Methodology, Energy Fulels, 2009.
[10]
Ofori, Boateng C, Lee KT. The Potential Of Using Cocoa Pod Husk As Green
Solid Base Catalyst For Transesterification Of Soybean Into Biodiesel : Effect
For Biodiesel Engine Performance, Chem Eng J, 2013
[11]
Haryuwibawa, Dasa, Pengaruh Temperatur Pembakaran dalam Pembuatan Abu
Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa parasidiaca Linn CV ‘Saba’) sebagai Sumber Alkali,
Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Vol 2 Hal 12-15, 2016
[12]
Canakci, M. dan Gerpen, J. Van., Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats with
High Free Fatty Acids, Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 44 (6), p. 1429-1436,
ISSN : 0001-2351, 2001.
[13]
Marchetti, J. M., Miguel, V. U. dan Errazu, A. F., Heterogeneous Esterification
of Oil With High Amount of Free Fatty Acids, Fuel, 86 (906-910), Elsevier,
2006.
[14]
Omar, Wan Nor Nadyaini Wan dan Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina., Optimization of
Heterogeneous Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Palm Oil Via
Response Surface Methodology, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35 (1329-1338),
Elsevier, 2011.
[15]
Moser, Bryan R., Biodiesel Production, Properties and Feedstocks, In Vitro Cell.
Dev. Bio1, 45: 229-266, Springer, 2009.
[16]
Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Standar Nasional Indonesia, www.bsn.com SNI
7182:2012, 2012, diakses pada 28 Juli 2013.
[17]
Chettry, B Arjun, K. Chirs Watts dan M.Rafiqul Islam., Waste Cooking Oil as
an
Alternate
Feedstock
for
Biodiesel
Production.,
Energies
www.mdpi.org/energies., 2008.
[18]
Knothe, Gerhard., Van Gerpen, Jon dan Krahl, Jurgen., The Biodiesel
Handbook. USA : AOCS Press, 2005.
[19]
Hikmah, Maharani Nurul Zuliyana, Pembuatan Metil Ester dari Minyak Dedak
dan Metanol dengan Proses Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi, Universitas
Diponegoro, Semarang, 2010.
40
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20]
Rachmaniah, Orchidea., Studi Transesterifikasi Berkatalis Asam Triglyceryde
dan Fatty Acid dari Minyak Mentah Dedak Padi Menjadi Biodiesel, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ISBN : 979-545-037-9, 2005.
[21]
Padil., Wahyuningsih, Slamet dan Awaluddin, Amir., Pembuatan Biodiesel dari
Minyak Kelapa melalui Reaksi Metanolisis Menggunakan Katalis CaCO 3 yang
Dipijarkan, Jurnal Natur Indonesia 13 (1), p. 27-32, ISSN : 1410-9379, 2010.
[22]
Science Lab, Methyl Alcohol MSDS, www.sciencelab.com, 2013, diakses pada
25 Agustus 2013.
[23]
Hameed, B. H., Lai, L. F. dan Chin, L. H., Production of Biodiesel from Palm
Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Using Heterogeneous Catalyst : An Optimized Process,
Fuel Processing Technology 90 (606-610), Elsevier, 2009.
[24]
Vicente, Gemma., Martinez, Mercedes dan Aracil, Jose., Integrated Biodiesel
Production : A Comparison of Different Homogeneous Catalysts Systems,
Bioresource Technology 92 (297-305), Elsevier, 2004.
[25]
T.K. Lim. (2012). “Musa acuminata × balbisiana (ABB Group) ‘Saba’. Edible
Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants”, Vol. 3, Fruits, Hal. 544-547. Springer
Science+Business Media B.V.
[26]
Putri, Cita P, Pemanfaatan Campuran Kulit Pisang Kepok Putih Dan Daun
Pisang Kering Dalam Pembuatan Kompos di Sentra Industri Keripik Pisang
Bandar Lampung, Skripsi, 2016.
[27]
Ranjan, Mishra Sruti., Kumar, Mohanty Mahendra dan Kumar, Pattanaik Ajay.,
Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude Oil of Simarouba glauca Using CaO As A
Solid Base Catalyst, Research Journal of Recent Sciences Vol. 1 (9), p. 49-53,
ISSN : 2277-2502, 2012.
[28]
Lam, Man Kee., Lee, Keat Teong dan Mohamed, Abdul Rahman.,
Homogeneous, Heterogeneous and Enzymatic Catalysis for Transesterification
of High Free Fatty Acid Oil (Waste Cooking Oil) to Biodiesel : A Review,
Biotechnology Advances 28 (500-518), Elsevier, 2010.
[29]
Endalew, Abebe K., Kiros, Yohannes dan Zanzi, Rolando., Heterogeneous
Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil (JCO), Energy xxx
(1-8), Elsevier, 2011.
41
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30]
Berrios, M., Siles, J., Martin, M. A., Martin, A., A Kinetic Study of the
Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Sunflower Oil, Fuel 86 (2383-2388),
Elsevier, 2007.
[31]
Lee, Dae-Won., Park, Young-Moo dan Lee, Kwan-Young., Heterogeneous Base
Catalysts for Transesterification in Biodiesel Synthesis, Catal Surv Asia 13, p. 6377, Springer, 2009.
[32]
Dias, Joana M., Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C. M., Almeida, Manuel F., Diaz, Jose D.
Mendez.,
Polo,
Manuel
Sanchez.,
Utrilla, Jose
Rivera.,
Selection
of
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat, Fuel 94 (418425), Elsevier, 2012.
[33]
Watcharathamrongkul, Kornkanok., Jongsomjit, Bunjerd dan Phisalaphong,
Muenduen, Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts for Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil,
Songklanakarin J.Sci. Technology 32 (6), p. 627-634, 2010.
[34]
Viriya-Empikul, N., Krasae, P., Nualpaeng, W., Yoosuk, B., Faungnawakij, K.,
Biodiesel Production Over Ca Based Solid Catalysts Derived from Industrial
Wastes, Fuel 92 (239-244), Elsevier, 2011.
[35]
Atadashi, I.M.,M.K. Aroua , A.R. Abdul Aziz, N.M.N. Sulaiman. The Effects Of
Water On Biodiesel Production And Refining Technologies : A.Review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012) 3456-3470.
[36]
Eze, Valentine C., Adam P Jaswant. Harvey, Anh N . Phan. Determination Of The
Kinetics Of Biodiesel Saponification In Alcoholic Hydroxide Solution . Fuel 140
(2015) 724-730.
[37]
Siahaan, Setriani, Melvha Hutapea, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Penentuan Kondisi
Optimum Dan Waktu Karbonisasi Pada Pembuatan Arang Dari Sekam Padi, Jurnal
Teknik Kimia Usu Vol 2 No.1, 2013.
[38]
Oluremi, Olabanji, E. Ayodele Oluyemi, dan O. Solomon Ajayi., Metyal Analises Of
Ash Derived Alkalis From Banana And Plantain Peels (Musa Spp.) In Soap Making,
African Journal Of Biotechnology Vol. 11(99) pp 16512-16518, 2012.
[39]
thiy zh
n,
d n G n p thi, A., “Factor affecting Biodiesel Production”,
Research in Plant Biology, Vol 1 No.2, pp 01-05, 2011.
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[40]
S put , Leo., R kh
h,
oo ., P dit , H p i Ty
d n Sun di., “Produksi
Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Dengan Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica)
sebagai katalis heterogen” Prestasi Vol 1 No.2 hal 118-125, 2012.
[41]
Santoso, Nidya., Pradana, Ferdy dan Rachimoellah Dipl. EST, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. M.,
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Kapuk Randu (Ceiba pentandra) melalui
Proses Transesterifikasi dengan Menggunakan CaO Sebagai Katalis, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh November, 2012.
[42]
Su i o, B
b n ., “Uji Biodiesel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Bahan Bakar
Motor Diesel” Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 7 No. 1 hal 46-51, 2006.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
Prateepchaikul,
Gumpon.,
Allen,
Michael
L.,
Leevijit,
Theerayut.,
Thaveesinshopha, Kittisak., Methyl Ester Production from High Free Fatty Acid
Mixed Crude Palm Oil, Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, Vol. 29 No. 6, p. 15511561, 2007.
[2]
Ramaraju, A. dan Ashok, Kumar T. V., Biodiesel Development from High Free
Fatty Acid Punnakka Oil, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
Vol. 6 No. 4, ISSN : 1819-6608, 2011.
[3]
Suirta, I. W., Preparasi Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Kelapa Sawit, Jurnal
Kimia, 3 (1), p. 1-6, ISSN : 1907-9850, Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran,
2009.
[4]
El-Mashad, Hamed M., Zhang, Ruihong dan Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J., A
Two-Step Process for Biodiesel Production from Salmon Oil, Biosystems
Engineering, 99 (220-227), Elsevier, 2007.
[5]
Ilmi, Ibnu Bakhrul Malkan, Ali Komsan, Sri Anna Marliyati., Kualitas Minyak
Goreng dan Produk Gorengan Selama Penggorengan di Rumah Tangga
Indonesia., Departemen Gizi Masyarakat Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 2015
[6]
Pandiangandan , K.D, dan Wasinton Simanjuntak., Sintesis Katalis Heterogen
MgO/SiO2 Sekam Padi dengan Metode Sol-Gel dan Aplikasinya Pada Reaksi
Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa ,Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Lampung ,
Lampung, 2013.
[7]
Betiku E, Ajala SO. Modeling And Optimization Of Thevetia Peruviana (Yellow
Oleander) Oil Biodiesel Synthesis Via Musa Paradisiacal (Plantain) Peels As
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst: A Case Of Artificial Neural Network Vs.
Response Surface Methodology. Ind Crops Prod, 2014
[8]
Betiku Eriola, Aramide Mistunda Akuntinde, Tunde Victor Ojumu, Banana
peels as a biobase catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production using
Napoleon's plume (Bauhinia monandra) seed oil: A process parameters
optimization study, Energy, 2016.
39
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[9]
Chin L, Hamed B, Ahmad A, Process Optimation For Biodiesel Production
From Waste Cooking Oil Palm Oil (Elais Guinensi) Using Response Surface
Methodology, Energy Fulels, 2009.
[10]
Ofori, Boateng C, Lee KT. The Potential Of Using Cocoa Pod Husk As Green
Solid Base Catalyst For Transesterification Of Soybean Into Biodiesel : Effect
For Biodiesel Engine Performance, Chem Eng J, 2013
[11]
Haryuwibawa, Dasa, Pengaruh Temperatur Pembakaran dalam Pembuatan Abu
Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa parasidiaca Linn CV ‘Saba’) sebagai Sumber Alkali,
Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Vol 2 Hal 12-15, 2016
[12]
Canakci, M. dan Gerpen, J. Van., Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats with
High Free Fatty Acids, Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 44 (6), p. 1429-1436,
ISSN : 0001-2351, 2001.
[13]
Marchetti, J. M., Miguel, V. U. dan Errazu, A. F., Heterogeneous Esterification
of Oil With High Amount of Free Fatty Acids, Fuel, 86 (906-910), Elsevier,
2006.
[14]
Omar, Wan Nor Nadyaini Wan dan Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina., Optimization of
Heterogeneous Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Palm Oil Via
Response Surface Methodology, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35 (1329-1338),
Elsevier, 2011.
[15]
Moser, Bryan R., Biodiesel Production, Properties and Feedstocks, In Vitro Cell.
Dev. Bio1, 45: 229-266, Springer, 2009.
[16]
Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Standar Nasional Indonesia, www.bsn.com SNI
7182:2012, 2012, diakses pada 28 Juli 2013.
[17]
Chettry, B Arjun, K. Chirs Watts dan M.Rafiqul Islam., Waste Cooking Oil as
an
Alternate
Feedstock
for
Biodiesel
Production.,
Energies
www.mdpi.org/energies., 2008.
[18]
Knothe, Gerhard., Van Gerpen, Jon dan Krahl, Jurgen., The Biodiesel
Handbook. USA : AOCS Press, 2005.
[19]
Hikmah, Maharani Nurul Zuliyana, Pembuatan Metil Ester dari Minyak Dedak
dan Metanol dengan Proses Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi, Universitas
Diponegoro, Semarang, 2010.
40
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20]
Rachmaniah, Orchidea., Studi Transesterifikasi Berkatalis Asam Triglyceryde
dan Fatty Acid dari Minyak Mentah Dedak Padi Menjadi Biodiesel, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, ISBN : 979-545-037-9, 2005.
[21]
Padil., Wahyuningsih, Slamet dan Awaluddin, Amir., Pembuatan Biodiesel dari
Minyak Kelapa melalui Reaksi Metanolisis Menggunakan Katalis CaCO 3 yang
Dipijarkan, Jurnal Natur Indonesia 13 (1), p. 27-32, ISSN : 1410-9379, 2010.
[22]
Science Lab, Methyl Alcohol MSDS, www.sciencelab.com, 2013, diakses pada
25 Agustus 2013.
[23]
Hameed, B. H., Lai, L. F. dan Chin, L. H., Production of Biodiesel from Palm
Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Using Heterogeneous Catalyst : An Optimized Process,
Fuel Processing Technology 90 (606-610), Elsevier, 2009.
[24]
Vicente, Gemma., Martinez, Mercedes dan Aracil, Jose., Integrated Biodiesel
Production : A Comparison of Different Homogeneous Catalysts Systems,
Bioresource Technology 92 (297-305), Elsevier, 2004.
[25]
T.K. Lim. (2012). “Musa acuminata × balbisiana (ABB Group) ‘Saba’. Edible
Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants”, Vol. 3, Fruits, Hal. 544-547. Springer
Science+Business Media B.V.
[26]
Putri, Cita P, Pemanfaatan Campuran Kulit Pisang Kepok Putih Dan Daun
Pisang Kering Dalam Pembuatan Kompos di Sentra Industri Keripik Pisang
Bandar Lampung, Skripsi, 2016.
[27]
Ranjan, Mishra Sruti., Kumar, Mohanty Mahendra dan Kumar, Pattanaik Ajay.,
Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude Oil of Simarouba glauca Using CaO As A
Solid Base Catalyst, Research Journal of Recent Sciences Vol. 1 (9), p. 49-53,
ISSN : 2277-2502, 2012.
[28]
Lam, Man Kee., Lee, Keat Teong dan Mohamed, Abdul Rahman.,
Homogeneous, Heterogeneous and Enzymatic Catalysis for Transesterification
of High Free Fatty Acid Oil (Waste Cooking Oil) to Biodiesel : A Review,
Biotechnology Advances 28 (500-518), Elsevier, 2010.
[29]
Endalew, Abebe K., Kiros, Yohannes dan Zanzi, Rolando., Heterogeneous
Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil (JCO), Energy xxx
(1-8), Elsevier, 2011.
41
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30]
Berrios, M., Siles, J., Martin, M. A., Martin, A., A Kinetic Study of the
Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Sunflower Oil, Fuel 86 (2383-2388),
Elsevier, 2007.
[31]
Lee, Dae-Won., Park, Young-Moo dan Lee, Kwan-Young., Heterogeneous Base
Catalysts for Transesterification in Biodiesel Synthesis, Catal Surv Asia 13, p. 6377, Springer, 2009.
[32]
Dias, Joana M., Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C. M., Almeida, Manuel F., Diaz, Jose D.
Mendez.,
Polo,
Manuel
Sanchez.,
Utrilla, Jose
Rivera.,
Selection
of
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat, Fuel 94 (418425), Elsevier, 2012.
[33]
Watcharathamrongkul, Kornkanok., Jongsomjit, Bunjerd dan Phisalaphong,
Muenduen, Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts for Ethanolysis of Soybean Oil,
Songklanakarin J.Sci. Technology 32 (6), p. 627-634, 2010.
[34]
Viriya-Empikul, N., Krasae, P., Nualpaeng, W., Yoosuk, B., Faungnawakij, K.,
Biodiesel Production Over Ca Based Solid Catalysts Derived from Industrial
Wastes, Fuel 92 (239-244), Elsevier, 2011.
[35]
Atadashi, I.M.,M.K. Aroua , A.R. Abdul Aziz, N.M.N. Sulaiman. The Effects Of
Water On Biodiesel Production And Refining Technologies : A.Review
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012) 3456-3470.
[36]
Eze, Valentine C., Adam P Jaswant. Harvey, Anh N . Phan. Determination Of The
Kinetics Of Biodiesel Saponification In Alcoholic Hydroxide Solution . Fuel 140
(2015) 724-730.
[37]
Siahaan, Setriani, Melvha Hutapea, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Penentuan Kondisi
Optimum Dan Waktu Karbonisasi Pada Pembuatan Arang Dari Sekam Padi, Jurnal
Teknik Kimia Usu Vol 2 No.1, 2013.
[38]
Oluremi, Olabanji, E. Ayodele Oluyemi, dan O. Solomon Ajayi., Metyal Analises Of
Ash Derived Alkalis From Banana And Plantain Peels (Musa Spp.) In Soap Making,
African Journal Of Biotechnology Vol. 11(99) pp 16512-16518, 2012.
[39]
thiy zh
n,
d n G n p thi, A., “Factor affecting Biodiesel Production”,
Research in Plant Biology, Vol 1 No.2, pp 01-05, 2011.
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[40]
S put , Leo., R kh
h,
oo ., P dit , H p i Ty
d n Sun di., “Produksi
Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah Dengan Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica)
sebagai katalis heterogen” Prestasi Vol 1 No.2 hal 118-125, 2012.
[41]
Santoso, Nidya., Pradana, Ferdy dan Rachimoellah Dipl. EST, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. M.,
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Kapuk Randu (Ceiba pentandra) melalui
Proses Transesterifikasi dengan Menggunakan CaO Sebagai Katalis, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh November, 2012.
[42]
Su i o, B
b n ., “Uji Biodiesel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Bahan Bakar
Motor Diesel” Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 7 No. 1 hal 46-51, 2006.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara