Gambaran Bakteri Yang Terdapat Di Toilet Umum Di Dua Pusat Perbelanjaan Modern Di Kota Medan dan Pola Kepekaan Terhadap Antibiotik
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bagiastra, I. K., 2013. Analisis Manajemen Toilet Umum di Kawasan Wisata
Lombok. Media Bina Ilmiah.
Bai, L., Xia, S., Lan, R., Liu, L., Ye, C., Wang, Y., et al, 2012. Isolation and
Characterization of cytotoxic Aggregative Citrobacter freundii. (N. Ahmed,
Ed.) Plos One, 7(3), 1-2.
Brooks G.F., Carrol K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., 2010. Jawetz, Melnick, &
Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 25th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill. p237-239
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. Global Handwashing Day. USA:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/features/globalhandwashing/index.html [Accesed 24 Mei
2014].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. Hand Washing. USA: Centers for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention.
Available
from:
http://www.cdc.gov/features/handwashing/ [Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
Cernters for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae in Healthcare Settings. CDC. Available from :
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/cre/ [Accessed 10 Desember 2014]
Cultivation Media for Bacteria, 2010. Virtual Interactive Bacteriology Laboratory.
Michigan State University. Avialable from: http://learn.chm.msu.edu/vibl/
[Accesed 3 Juni 2014].
Dahlan, M. S., 2010. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel: dalam penelitian
kedokteran dan kesehatan. Edisi 3. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika.
Dayan, L., 2004. Transmission of Nesseria gonorrhoeae from a toilet seat.
Australlsian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine, 80(4). Available from:
http://sti.bmj.com/content/80/4/327.1.full?sid=22ec3335-ce3c-4563-85a9030637a17831 [Accesed 27 Maret 2014].
DuPont, H.L., 2009. Bacterial Diarrhea. England: Massachusetts Medical Society.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Eriksson, A., Giske, C.G., Ternhag, A, 2012. The relative importance of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary tract pathogen: distribution of
bacteria among urinary samples analysed during 1 year at a major Swedish
laboratory.
121(1)Swedia:
APMIS.
Available
from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23030816 [Accesed 5 April 2014]
Flores, G. E., Bates, S. T., Knights, D., Lauber, C. L., Stombaugh, J., Knight, R., et
al, 2011. Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces. (M. R. Liles,
Ed.) Plos One, 6(11), 1-3.
Fox,
A., 2011. Bacteriology and Immunology online. Available from:
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/nutrition.htm [Accesed 11 Mei 2014].
Franzetti, L. & Scarpellini, M., 2007. Characterisation of Pseudomonas spp. isolated
from foods. Annals of Microbiology 57(1), 39-47.
Giannini, M. A., Nance, D., & McCullers, J. A., 2009. Are toilet seats a vector for
transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?Am J Infect
Control, 37(6), 505-506.
Gupte, S., 2012. The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology for Dental Students.
India:
JP
Medical
Ltd.
Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books?id=rY5-i4z8LGYC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
[Accesed 5 Mei 2014]
Harvey, R.A., Cornelissen, C.N., Fisher, B.D., 2013. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews
: Microbiology. 3rd ed. USA: Williams & Wilkins.
Hudzicki, J., 2013. Kirby-Bauer dick diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. Available
from:
http://www.microbelibrary.org/index2.php?option=com_resource&controller
=article&article=3189&category_id=1&format=html&print=1&Itemid=73
[Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
Hogg, S., 2013. Essential Microbiology. England: John Wiley & Sons. Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Essential_Microbiology.html?id=c4Aw
VYlGGNIC&redir_esc=y [Accesed 2 Mei 2014]
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Jorgensen, J. H. and Ferraro, M. J., 2009. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A
Review of General Principles and Contemporary Practices. USA: Infectious
Diseases Society of America.
Kenneth Todar, 2012. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Winsconsin.
Available from: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/bacteriology.html. [Accesed
1 May 2014].
Levinson, W., 2008. Medical Microbiology & Immunology. USA: McGraw-Hill.
Marecos, C. V., Ferreira, M., Ferreira, M. M., Barroso, M. R., 2012. Sepsis,
meningitis, and cerebral abscesses caused by Citrobacter koseri. Portugal:
British Medical Journal: 1-3.
Metri, B. C., Jyothi, P., & Peerapur, B. V., 2013. Antibiotic resistance in Citrobacter
spp. isolated from urinary tract infection. Urology Annals, 312-313.
Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835999/
[Accesed 15 Mei]
Miskinyte, M., Sousa, A., Ramiro, R. S., Moura de Sousa, J. A., Kotlinowski, J.,
Caramalho, I., et al, 2013. The Genetic Basis of Escherichia coli
Pathoadaptation
to
Macrophages.
Available
from:
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pp
at.1003802 [Accesed 23 Mei 2014].
Parija, 2009. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. India: Elsevier. Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books?id=HcgGLfxDJSQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
[Accesed 25 April 2014]
Rao, S. 2012. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase. JJMMC
Rasko, D. A., Webster, D. R., Sahl, J. W., Bashir, A., Boisen, N., Scheutz, F., et al.
2011. Origins of the E. coli Strain Causing an Outbreak of Hemolytic-Uremic
Syndrome in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine, 709-715.
Struble, K., 2013. Proteus Infection. WebMD. Available from Medscape
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/226434-overview#a0101 [Accesed 15
Mei 2014]
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sabra, S. M. M., 2013. Bacterial Public Health hazard in the Public Female
Restrooms at Taif. KSA. Egypt: IDOSI.
Scheffers, D., and Pinho, G. M., 2005. Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis: New Insights.
American Society of Microbiology.
Srikanth, et al., 2013. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci In A
Tertiary Care Hospital. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical
Research, Vol.6, 231-234
Tanagho, E.A., McAninch, J.W., 2008. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. USA:
McGraw-Hill.
Vasanthakumari, R., 2007. Textbook of Microbiology. India: BI Publications Pvt Ltd.
Avalable
from:http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Textbook_of_Microbiology.html?
id=HX_vyjBbAkkC&redir_esc=y [Accesed 1 Mei 2014].
Von, E. C. et al, 2000. Nationwide German multicenter study on prevalence of
antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal bloodstream isolates and comparative
in vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin, 38(8). JCM. [Accessed 10
Desember 2014]
WebMD, 2012. Antibiotik Sensitivity Test. WebMD. Available
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/antibiotic-sensitivity-test-topicoverview. [Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
from:
WHO, 2009. How To Hand Wash Poster. World Health Organization.
Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L. M., Woolverton, C. J., 2008. Prescott, Harley, and
Klein’s
Mircobiology. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Bagiastra, I. K., 2013. Analisis Manajemen Toilet Umum di Kawasan Wisata
Lombok. Media Bina Ilmiah.
Bai, L., Xia, S., Lan, R., Liu, L., Ye, C., Wang, Y., et al, 2012. Isolation and
Characterization of cytotoxic Aggregative Citrobacter freundii. (N. Ahmed,
Ed.) Plos One, 7(3), 1-2.
Brooks G.F., Carrol K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., 2010. Jawetz, Melnick, &
Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 25th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill. p237-239
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. Global Handwashing Day. USA:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/features/globalhandwashing/index.html [Accesed 24 Mei
2014].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. Hand Washing. USA: Centers for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention.
Available
from:
http://www.cdc.gov/features/handwashing/ [Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
Cernters for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae in Healthcare Settings. CDC. Available from :
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/cre/ [Accessed 10 Desember 2014]
Cultivation Media for Bacteria, 2010. Virtual Interactive Bacteriology Laboratory.
Michigan State University. Avialable from: http://learn.chm.msu.edu/vibl/
[Accesed 3 Juni 2014].
Dahlan, M. S., 2010. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel: dalam penelitian
kedokteran dan kesehatan. Edisi 3. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika.
Dayan, L., 2004. Transmission of Nesseria gonorrhoeae from a toilet seat.
Australlsian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine, 80(4). Available from:
http://sti.bmj.com/content/80/4/327.1.full?sid=22ec3335-ce3c-4563-85a9030637a17831 [Accesed 27 Maret 2014].
DuPont, H.L., 2009. Bacterial Diarrhea. England: Massachusetts Medical Society.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Eriksson, A., Giske, C.G., Ternhag, A, 2012. The relative importance of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary tract pathogen: distribution of
bacteria among urinary samples analysed during 1 year at a major Swedish
laboratory.
121(1)Swedia:
APMIS.
Available
from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23030816 [Accesed 5 April 2014]
Flores, G. E., Bates, S. T., Knights, D., Lauber, C. L., Stombaugh, J., Knight, R., et
al, 2011. Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces. (M. R. Liles,
Ed.) Plos One, 6(11), 1-3.
Fox,
A., 2011. Bacteriology and Immunology online. Available from:
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/nutrition.htm [Accesed 11 Mei 2014].
Franzetti, L. & Scarpellini, M., 2007. Characterisation of Pseudomonas spp. isolated
from foods. Annals of Microbiology 57(1), 39-47.
Giannini, M. A., Nance, D., & McCullers, J. A., 2009. Are toilet seats a vector for
transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?Am J Infect
Control, 37(6), 505-506.
Gupte, S., 2012. The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology for Dental Students.
India:
JP
Medical
Ltd.
Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books?id=rY5-i4z8LGYC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
[Accesed 5 Mei 2014]
Harvey, R.A., Cornelissen, C.N., Fisher, B.D., 2013. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews
: Microbiology. 3rd ed. USA: Williams & Wilkins.
Hudzicki, J., 2013. Kirby-Bauer dick diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. Available
from:
http://www.microbelibrary.org/index2.php?option=com_resource&controller
=article&article=3189&category_id=1&format=html&print=1&Itemid=73
[Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
Hogg, S., 2013. Essential Microbiology. England: John Wiley & Sons. Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Essential_Microbiology.html?id=c4Aw
VYlGGNIC&redir_esc=y [Accesed 2 Mei 2014]
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Jorgensen, J. H. and Ferraro, M. J., 2009. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A
Review of General Principles and Contemporary Practices. USA: Infectious
Diseases Society of America.
Kenneth Todar, 2012. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Winsconsin.
Available from: http://textbookofbacteriology.net/bacteriology.html. [Accesed
1 May 2014].
Levinson, W., 2008. Medical Microbiology & Immunology. USA: McGraw-Hill.
Marecos, C. V., Ferreira, M., Ferreira, M. M., Barroso, M. R., 2012. Sepsis,
meningitis, and cerebral abscesses caused by Citrobacter koseri. Portugal:
British Medical Journal: 1-3.
Metri, B. C., Jyothi, P., & Peerapur, B. V., 2013. Antibiotic resistance in Citrobacter
spp. isolated from urinary tract infection. Urology Annals, 312-313.
Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835999/
[Accesed 15 Mei]
Miskinyte, M., Sousa, A., Ramiro, R. S., Moura de Sousa, J. A., Kotlinowski, J.,
Caramalho, I., et al, 2013. The Genetic Basis of Escherichia coli
Pathoadaptation
to
Macrophages.
Available
from:
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pp
at.1003802 [Accesed 23 Mei 2014].
Parija, 2009. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. India: Elsevier. Available
from
http://books.google.co.id/books?id=HcgGLfxDJSQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
[Accesed 25 April 2014]
Rao, S. 2012. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase. JJMMC
Rasko, D. A., Webster, D. R., Sahl, J. W., Bashir, A., Boisen, N., Scheutz, F., et al.
2011. Origins of the E. coli Strain Causing an Outbreak of Hemolytic-Uremic
Syndrome in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine, 709-715.
Struble, K., 2013. Proteus Infection. WebMD. Available from Medscape
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/226434-overview#a0101 [Accesed 15
Mei 2014]
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sabra, S. M. M., 2013. Bacterial Public Health hazard in the Public Female
Restrooms at Taif. KSA. Egypt: IDOSI.
Scheffers, D., and Pinho, G. M., 2005. Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis: New Insights.
American Society of Microbiology.
Srikanth, et al., 2013. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci In A
Tertiary Care Hospital. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical
Research, Vol.6, 231-234
Tanagho, E.A., McAninch, J.W., 2008. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. USA:
McGraw-Hill.
Vasanthakumari, R., 2007. Textbook of Microbiology. India: BI Publications Pvt Ltd.
Avalable
from:http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Textbook_of_Microbiology.html?
id=HX_vyjBbAkkC&redir_esc=y [Accesed 1 Mei 2014].
Von, E. C. et al, 2000. Nationwide German multicenter study on prevalence of
antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal bloodstream isolates and comparative
in vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin, 38(8). JCM. [Accessed 10
Desember 2014]
WebMD, 2012. Antibiotik Sensitivity Test. WebMD. Available
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/antibiotic-sensitivity-test-topicoverview. [Accesed 24 Mei 2014].
from:
WHO, 2009. How To Hand Wash Poster. World Health Organization.
Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L. M., Woolverton, C. J., 2008. Prescott, Harley, and
Klein’s
Mircobiology. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Universitas Sumatera Utara