UJI AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA SEDIAAN EMULSI MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val.) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti.
ABSTRAK
Minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) diketahui memiliki
aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk membuat sediaan emulsi dari minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit sebagai
larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian yang dilakukan
meliputi pengumpulan bahan, isolasi minyak atsiri, praformulasi sediaan emulsi,
uji aktivitas larvasida sediaan emulsi, formulasi sediaan emulsi, dan pengujian
stabilitas fisik emulsi selama waktu penyimpanan. Pengujian stabilitas fisik yang
dilakukan meliputi pengamatan secara organoleptik, pengukuran pH, pengukuran
viskositas, pengamatan pemisahan fase emulsi, pengujian redispersibilitas,
pengujian tipe emulsi, dan pengamatan mikroskopik. Pada tahapan praformulasi,
emulgator yang digunakan adalah gom arab 0,35%, 0,70%, 1,30%, dan 10%;
tragakan 0,50% dan 1,00%; dan Na-CMC 1,00%. Pada tahapan uji aktivitas
larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti, emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit
dibuat dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL,
0,5 µg/mL dan 0 µg/mL. Pada tahapan formulasi emulgator yang digunakan
adalah gom arab dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5%, dan 15% (b/v). Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emulgator terbaik pada uji praformulasi adalah
gom arab dengan konsentrasi 10% (b/v). Berdasarkan pengujian larvasida, hasil
menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit memiliki nilai
LC50 48,25 µg/mL dan LC90 162,80 µg/mL, sehingga konsentrasi minyak atsiri
yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam sediaan emulsi larvasida adalah sebesar
1,70% (v/v). Hasil pengujian evaluasi fisik fomulasi sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri
rimpang kunyit menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi yang paling baik adalah
emulsi dengan konsentrasi emulgator gom arab sebesar 15% (b/v).
Kata kunci: Curcuma domestica Val., larvasida, Aedes aegypti, emulsi
iii
ABSTRACT
Turmeric rhizome essential oil is known to have larvacide activity on Aedes
aegypti larvae. This research was conducted to make a emulsion made of turmeric
rhizome essential oil to be used as an effective larvacide against Aedes aegypti
larvae. The research was conducted by material collecting, essential oil isolation,
emulsion preformulation, emulsion larvacide activity test, emulsion final
formulation, and physical stability test of the emulsion during storage time. The
physical stability testing included of organoleptic observation, pH measurement,
viscosity measurement, redispersibility test, emulsion type test, and microscopic
observation. Turmeric rhizome essential oil was formulated using arabic gum
with 0.35%, 0.70%, 1.70%, and 10% concentration; tragacanth with 0.50% and
1.00% concentration; Na-CMC with 1.00% concentration. In the larvacide
activity testing against Aedes aegypti larvae, the turmeric essential oil
formulation was made with the concentration of 100µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 10µg/mL,
5µg/mL, 1µg/mL, 0.5µg/mL dan 0µg/mL. In the final formulation, the emulsifying
agent used was arabic gum with the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and
15% (w/v). The result were in preformulation, the best emulsifying agent to make
turmeric essential oil emulsion was arabic gum with 10% (w/v) of concentration.
The larvacide activity testing showed that the turmeric essential oil emulsion has
the LC50 and LC90 number of 48.25µg/mL and 162.80µg/mL, so the effective
concentration of turmeric essential oil to be used in the larvacide emulsion was
1.70% (v/v). The result of physical evaluation of the turmeric rhizome essential oil
emulsion showed that arabic gum with 15% of concentration is the best
emulsifying agent to make a turmeric rhizome essential oil emulsion.
Keywords: Curcuma domestica Val., larvacide, Aedes aegypti, emulsion
iv
Minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) diketahui memiliki
aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk membuat sediaan emulsi dari minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit sebagai
larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian yang dilakukan
meliputi pengumpulan bahan, isolasi minyak atsiri, praformulasi sediaan emulsi,
uji aktivitas larvasida sediaan emulsi, formulasi sediaan emulsi, dan pengujian
stabilitas fisik emulsi selama waktu penyimpanan. Pengujian stabilitas fisik yang
dilakukan meliputi pengamatan secara organoleptik, pengukuran pH, pengukuran
viskositas, pengamatan pemisahan fase emulsi, pengujian redispersibilitas,
pengujian tipe emulsi, dan pengamatan mikroskopik. Pada tahapan praformulasi,
emulgator yang digunakan adalah gom arab 0,35%, 0,70%, 1,30%, dan 10%;
tragakan 0,50% dan 1,00%; dan Na-CMC 1,00%. Pada tahapan uji aktivitas
larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti, emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit
dibuat dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL,
0,5 µg/mL dan 0 µg/mL. Pada tahapan formulasi emulgator yang digunakan
adalah gom arab dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5%, dan 15% (b/v). Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emulgator terbaik pada uji praformulasi adalah
gom arab dengan konsentrasi 10% (b/v). Berdasarkan pengujian larvasida, hasil
menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit memiliki nilai
LC50 48,25 µg/mL dan LC90 162,80 µg/mL, sehingga konsentrasi minyak atsiri
yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam sediaan emulsi larvasida adalah sebesar
1,70% (v/v). Hasil pengujian evaluasi fisik fomulasi sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri
rimpang kunyit menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi yang paling baik adalah
emulsi dengan konsentrasi emulgator gom arab sebesar 15% (b/v).
Kata kunci: Curcuma domestica Val., larvasida, Aedes aegypti, emulsi
iii
ABSTRACT
Turmeric rhizome essential oil is known to have larvacide activity on Aedes
aegypti larvae. This research was conducted to make a emulsion made of turmeric
rhizome essential oil to be used as an effective larvacide against Aedes aegypti
larvae. The research was conducted by material collecting, essential oil isolation,
emulsion preformulation, emulsion larvacide activity test, emulsion final
formulation, and physical stability test of the emulsion during storage time. The
physical stability testing included of organoleptic observation, pH measurement,
viscosity measurement, redispersibility test, emulsion type test, and microscopic
observation. Turmeric rhizome essential oil was formulated using arabic gum
with 0.35%, 0.70%, 1.70%, and 10% concentration; tragacanth with 0.50% and
1.00% concentration; Na-CMC with 1.00% concentration. In the larvacide
activity testing against Aedes aegypti larvae, the turmeric essential oil
formulation was made with the concentration of 100µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 10µg/mL,
5µg/mL, 1µg/mL, 0.5µg/mL dan 0µg/mL. In the final formulation, the emulsifying
agent used was arabic gum with the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and
15% (w/v). The result were in preformulation, the best emulsifying agent to make
turmeric essential oil emulsion was arabic gum with 10% (w/v) of concentration.
The larvacide activity testing showed that the turmeric essential oil emulsion has
the LC50 and LC90 number of 48.25µg/mL and 162.80µg/mL, so the effective
concentration of turmeric essential oil to be used in the larvacide emulsion was
1.70% (v/v). The result of physical evaluation of the turmeric rhizome essential oil
emulsion showed that arabic gum with 15% of concentration is the best
emulsifying agent to make a turmeric rhizome essential oil emulsion.
Keywords: Curcuma domestica Val., larvacide, Aedes aegypti, emulsion
iv