The influence of unconscious mind in saving Mack to reconcile himself with his anger in William Paul Young`s The Shack

i

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING

MACK TO RECONCILE HIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER

IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S

THE SHACK

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of

Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

Konstantinus Kapu

Student Number: 104214032

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2014

ii

A SarjanaSastraUndergraduate Thesis

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MINDIN SAVING

MACK TO RECONCILEHIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER

IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S

THE SHACK

By

KONSTANTINUS KAPU

Student Number: 104214032

Approved by

Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum.November 3, 2014

Advisor

Dr. F. X. Siswadi, M.A.

November 3, 2014

Co-Advisor

iii

A SarjanaSastra

Undergraduate Thesis

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING

MACK TO RECONCILEHIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER

IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S

THE SHACK

By

KonstantinusKapu

Student Number: 104214032

Defended before the Broad of Examiners

on25 November, 2014

and Declared Acceptable

Board of Examiners

Name

Signature

Chairperson :Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A

---Secretary

:Dra. A.B.Sri Mulyani, M.A., Ph.D

---Member 1

: Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S.S.,

M.Ed---Member 2

: Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A

---Member

: Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd. M.Hum

---Yogyakarta, November 25, 2014

Faculty of Letters

Sanata Dharma University

Dean,

Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A

iv

Nicht ihr habt mich erwählt, sondern ich habe euch erwählt und dazu

bestimmt, da ihr euch aufmacht und Frucht bringt und das eure Frucht

bleibt (Joh. 15:16a).

(You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you to go and bear

fruit, fruit that will last)

v

For my departed parents

and

beloved

family

members, friends who

always support me even

in the dark.

vi

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH

UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata

Dharma:

Nama

: Konstantinus Kapu

Nomor Mahasiswa : 104214032

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada

Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah yang berjudul:

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING MACK TO

RECONCILE HIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER IN WILLIAM PAUL

YOUNG S

THE SHACK

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya

memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk

menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam

bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan

mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis

tanpa perlu izin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama

tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Padatanggal 3 November 2014

Yang menyatakan,

KonstantinusKapu

vii

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this

undergraduate thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for

any degree or other purposes.

I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own

work and all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have

been acknowledged.

Yogyakarta, November 3, 2014

KonstantinusKapu

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The first of all, I thank God for his abundant love and guidance in my sweet

and bitter moment of my life. My gratitude goes to all my family members

especially the family of ErykKapu and YetsiWea in Ruteng, Flores, brother

Seskokapu in Warszawa and all my unmentioned brothers and sisters. They

are the reason to start a new life since Mom andDad passed away. Also to

family Hineis (Julia,Sissi,Toni) in Wien, family Tanzer (Harald, Anna, Anni,

Hanes, Lissi, Paul) in Oberösterreich, family Zöl (Resi, Sonia, kathi,

theresia, Siegi) in Wilhering, Divine Word Missionaries, STKIP, my

classmates, friends and my special one at SDU. I am thankful for sharing life,

knowledge and motivation.

Finally, I thank my advisor, DewiWidyastutiS.Pd.,M.Hum.and my co-advisor

Dr. F. X. Siswadi, M. A. for their patience, time, understanding during the

process of this undergraduate thesis and also all the lecturers of English

Letters in Sanata Dharma University. I thank themfor dedication, knowledge

and guidance. It is the blessing upon me to ever have and meet these people in

my life. I just say, when we meet for the first time we are friends but when

we meet for the second time, we are families.

Konstantinus Kapu

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGE ...ii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE...iii

MOTTO PAGE ... iv

DEDICATION PAGE... v

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI ...

_vi

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMNTS ...viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix

ABSTRACT... x

ABSTRAK ... xi

CHAPTER I :INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of The Study ... 1

B. Problem Formulation ... 3

C. Object of the Study... 3

D. Definition of Terms... 3

CHAPTER II :REVIEW OF LITERATURE... 5

A. Review of Related Studies ... 5

B. Review of Related Theories... 6

1. Theory on Characterization... 6

2. Theory on Anger ... 8

3. Theory on Unconscious Mind... 11

4. The Relation between Psychology and Literature ... 15

C. Theoretical Framework ...15

CHAPTER III :METHOLOGY... 17

A. Object of the Study... 17

B. Approach of the Study ... 18

C. Method of the Study... 19

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ... 21

A. The Description of the Main Character in the Novel... 21

B. The Description of Main Character s Anger

1. Anger Control... 27

2. Reciprocal Communications... 29

3. Physical Attack of objects ... 30

4. Noisy Arguing ... 31

5. Verbal Assault/Attack... 32

6. Anger-in/suppression... 33

7. Anger-in/critical... 34

8. Corrective Action ... 34

x

9. Diffusion or distraction... 36

10. Displacement ... 36

C. The Influence of the Unconscious Mind toward the Main Character in

Reconciling Himself with His Anger... 37

1. The Description of the Main Character s Unconscious

Mind... 37

a. Repression... 38

b. Projection ... 40

c. Displacement... 42

d. Reaction Formation... 43

2.

The Influence of the Unconscious Mind in Reconciling

Mack s Anger...45

a. Personal Unconscious ...46

b. Collective Unconscious...48

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION

...52

BIBLIOGRAPHY

...54

APPENDIX

...56

xi

ABSTRACT

Konstantinus Kapu.

The Influence of Unconscious Mind in Saving Mack to

Reconcile Himself with His Anger in William Paul Young s

The

Shack.

_{Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata}

Dharma University, 2014.

Anger happens when someone suffers from pain, insult and injury which

motivate himself/herself to do a revenge. Sometimes anger can be expressed

in the form of words and actions but it can be repressed into the

unconsciousness. In this undergraduate thesis, the writer explains how Mack s

unconscious mind influences himself to overcome his anger until he finally

reconciles himself with his anger.

In this undergraduate thesis, the writer analyzes the unconscious mind of

Mack, the main character in novel

The Shack,

written by William Paul Young.

The problem formulations are divided into three parts. First part is to know the

character of Mack. Second part is to describe the anger of Mack. Third part is

to analyze the influence of unconscious mind in saving Mack to reconcile

himself with his anger.

The method in answering the above problem is by conducting literary

research. The theory of character from Abrams, the theory of anger from

Aristotle and the theory of unconscious mind from Freud and Carl Jung are

the main sources to do answer the problems.

The writer s analysis shows that Mack represses his anger at first because of

his father abuse, the death of his child. These events make Mack hate his own

father, the murderer and God. Mack isolates himself, avoids people and

conversations and mistrusts in God. Mack cannot express his anger and as its

compensation, Mack is using repression, projection, displacement, reaction

formation to reduce his anger. However, the use of such defense mechanism is

only to cover his anger, in which people around him do not know what

Mack s feeling is. This questionable situation is then answered after the car

accident and being unconscious for three days.In this moment, all the

motivations of his projection, reaction formation, replacement and repression

are revealed. As a result Mack easily recognizes that he has forgiven God, his

father and the murderer. Moreover, Mack becomes a person who does not

isolate himself, does not avoid people and conversation and believe in God.

Mack finds his joy and reconciles his anger.

xii

ABSTRAK

Konstantinus Kapu.

The Influence of Unconscious Mind in Saving Mack to

Reconcile himself with his anger in William Paul Young s

The Shack.

Yogyakarta. Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata

Dharma, 2014.

Perasaan amarah terjadi ketika seseorang terluka dan mengalami penderitaan,

penghinaan sehingga memotivasi dirinya untuk melakukan tindakan balas

dendam. Amarah terkadang bisa diluapkan dalam bentuk kata/kata dan

tindakan-tindakan tetapi terkadang juga hal itu hanya dapat dipendam dan

ditekan ke alam bawah sadar. Pada skripsi ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana alam

bawah sadar Mack mempengaruhi dirinya untuk mengatasi amarahnya hingga

akhirnya mampu berrekonsiliasi dengan amarahnya sendiri.

Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menganalisis alam bawah sadar Mack, karakter

utama dalam novel

The Shack

karya William Paul Young. Rincian

permasalahan yang ingin digali terbagi menjadi tiga bagian. Bagian pertama

adalah mengetahui kepribadian Mack. Bagian kedua adalah bagaimana

amarah Mack digambarkan dalam novel. Bagian ketiga adalah menganalisa

pengaruh alam sadar dalam menyelamatkan Mack untuk berrekonsiliasi

dengan amarahnya.

Metode dalam menjawab persoalan di atas adalah dengan melakuan tinjaun

pustaka. Teori kepribadian oleh Abrams, teori amarah oleh Aristotle dan teori

alam bawah sadar oleh Sigmund Freud dan Carl Jung adalah sumber-sumber

utama dalam menjawabi persoalan di atas.

Analisis penulis menunjukan bahwa Mack awalnya memendam amarahnya

oleh karena penyiksaan ayahnya serta kasus terbunuhnya salah satu anaknya.

Kejadian-kejadian ini membuat Mack begitu membenci ayahnya, si

pembunuh dan Tuhan. Mack mengurung diri, menghindari orang dan

percakapan serta tidak mempercayai Tuhan. Mack tak mampu meluapkan

amarahnya dan sebagai kompensasinya, Mack mengunakan represi, projeksi,

displacement dan reaction formation dalam mereduksi amarahnya. Akan

tetapi pasca kecelakaan mobil dan pingsan selama tiga hari, Mack dengan

mudahnya mengakui bahwa ia telah memaafkan Tuhan, ayahnya dan si

pembunuh. Lebih dari itu Mack menjadi pribadi yang tidak lagi mengurung

dirinya, menjauhi orang-orang dan menjadi pribadi yang percaya pada Tuhan.

Mack mampu menemukan kebahagiannya kembali dan berrekonsiliasi dengan

amarahnya.

.

y

! "#$%& ' # &($ !$ ( #)!( *! +# % &! , # ' !$!-,

./!(( %

.

0) ,+! .( % , !&% ! &#1$ 1 , )% .!1 ,% #2 +/% ./! & % #2 ( 2% + ,%( 2 !$ /1 "! )% ,% %" , +# (% 1$% & 3&%, ,1&%

.

4/ % 3 &% , ,1 &% , # 2 ( 2% %# 5% "! -5$ ,#2% "# +# ,+/! +! &% &# ' ' +/,1 ./! ,$%3&% ,, #63&% ,,1 &%

,

,+ &%, ,6 !$ 3(%! ,1 &%

. B

% , $% ,

,

/ 1 "! )% .! !( ,# %73&%, , +/%& +/#1 / +

,

2% %(

,

%73% & % .% #& $ &%! " ! &#1 , '!-,8 0% # 2 +/ # ,% '!-, , +/% 2# &" #2

(+% &! +1 &%

.

9 %( (% 5 !$9! &&% +/%:

he

ory of Literature

(

;<=>?<>

)

, +! +%+/! + (+% &! +1 &% ( ## 5, (5% ! &%!( ( 2% 3# &+&! +

. I

+ , ! ( (1 , +&! + # #2 /1 "! (%, )% .!1 ,% (+% &! & - ' # &5, 3&%,% + +/% &%!(+- # 2 /1 "! .#$ +# ,6 3&#)(% ",6

2%%( ,6!$ &%( ! + # ,/3,8

The Shack

' & + +% ) - 9 ( ( ! " @ ! 1( A#1

, #% #2 +/% ( +%&! & -'# &5, ' / ./ ,/ ! &% , /1 "! ( % , ,+ &1 ( % / ! 3( % ! ,1 &%

.

4# !!(-* % +/ , # %(

,

+/% ' &+% & , .# .% &%$ ' +/ +/% 3,-./#! !( -, , , ,1% ! , B +# && , !-,

Freud: A Very Short Introduction

(

;<C <?<;

)

$1 & +/%+'% + % +/.% +1 & -

,

+/! + 3, -./# !!(-,,/!$!"! D# &%22% .+1 3#)# +/ ! &+!$ ( +%&! +1 &%

.

4/%

, E

! (% +#

Literary Theory An Introduction

/ /( / + ,?

B 1 ./ +1 &"# ( +/% +'% +% +/ .% +1 & - , % % & #( - ! "!+ +% & # 2 '! &,6% .## ". ,( 1 "3,6 !$ &% #(1 +# ? + , !(,# %73% &% .%$ )-+/# ,%'/# .!1 / + 1 3 + +/%"# , + + "! +%(-3% &,#!( ' !-,6+ ,!.& , ,#2/1 "! &%(! + # ,/ 36!$#2+/%/1 "! 3% &,#!( + -

,

! , '%((! ,!,# .!(.# 1(, #

(

;<<=?;E=

).

F

GHI J KLM N O P Q

he

RSTU

k

O J VWLX K YVZ[ IP\OI

A

]] IP ^ HO] O _J`J ]O aI

.

YVZ[HVJV_MLW]IbcOKHHO JaV K HIM `JV K KOKX dI

.

GHIZ] O bVeLaHOJV PfIMKLcV M dHOJ aV KHIMO JcHIPYVZ[c VJW IV K IPWNHO JaVK HIMV PdVa KIMK HV KYVZ[]IaKHO J_VM IPKJ

VPd c IPK Lg IMJIVJ O P HO J IVM]N KHOM K IIPh i HO ] I cLM [OPf LgIMJ IVJ OP HO J IVM]N

Kc IPKO IJ HI IgIPKXV]]N I PdId X _ OP V J IbO PV MN OP

A

XJ KMV] OV

.

i HIP YVZ [ HV d aOPOJHId HO J JKX d NOP K HIL]LfNVPd _HO] LJ L _H N H I ZV b IWVZ[ KL K HI j KVK IJ

,

bV dI _IVZIc O K H HOJbV bVVPdJO JKIMJWX KPL Kc O K HHO JaV KHIMV PdbLg IdLX KKLkMIfL P

c HIMIHIbIKV PdbVMMOI dlV PPIK KI

A.

jV bX I] JL PV Pd fL K aO g I Z HO ] dM IP

(

mLX Pf

,

noopq r

).

k PIdVN

,

K HINJ_IPKVcII[ IPd V KV J HVZ[ h

D

XMO P fK HV K KMO_

,

L PILa HOJZ HO]dMIP PV b IdYO JJNcVJ[OdPV __IdV Pd [O] ] IdV Pd K HINdO d PL K[ PL c c HL

KHI [O] ] IM cVJ h

A

a KIM KHI KMVf IdN

,

Y VZ[ c VJ KL KV]]N dOa aIMIPK V Pd W IZV b I VPfMN

.

GHMII NIV MJ V a KIM KHV KKM V fIdN

,

HIfL K V]IKKIM c MOK K IP WN^ V _V c HL O PgOKIdYVZ[ KLb IIKHObO PK HIJHVZ[

. I

PKIMIJKOPf]NHIdO dPL K[ PLcc HL^ V _Vc VJ

. I

PaOPdO Pf LX K KHV K sX IJKOL PtHI aOPV]]NZL PZ]X dI d K HVK ^ V_V OJ

G

L d WX K HI J KO ]] dLXW KId HOJ ZL PZ] XJO L PhYVZ[ c IPK K L K HI JHVZ[ V]L PIWNK V[ O Pf V M IgL] gIM cOKH HO b

. I

PHO J VJ J X b_KOL PK HI bV PcHL J I PK HO b KHV K]IKK IM O JV [O ]]IMLa HO JZ HO ] dtYIJ JN

.

GHV K OJc H NHIKLL[V M IgL]g IMc O K HHOb

. H

Lc Ig IM

,

W IaLM IM IVZ HO PfKHIJ HVZ[ tHIfL K VPVZZO dIPK V PdW IZVb I X PZL PJ ZO LXJh

I

PHO J X PZLPJZO LXJZL PdOKO L P

,

HIbIK ^ V_V KHV K YVZ[ ZV]]Id GHI

H

L]NG MOPO KN

.

GHIP O P KHIIPd

,

Va KIM HVgOPf VZL PgIM JV KOL P cO K H^ V _V

,

YVZ[ZLX]dM IZL PZO]IHO bJ I] ac O KHHO JV Pf IMV PdaLM fO g IHOJa VK HIM

.

Q

he

RSTU

k

OJ V cL M[ La ]OKIMV KXM I

. A

J V cLM[ L a ]OKIMV KXM I

,

K HOJ J KX dN O J cLM KHKLLWJ IMg IWIZVXJIO KJHVM IJ[ PLc ] IdfIV PdIe _IMO IPZ I

.

u

B. Problem Formulation

vw xw y zz{ z| }~ € €~  w{~ ‚ ƒ„ y …~„ y € z ƒ„}z|  w … €~  | z zƒ |‚€

,

€ z}|~z|…w |†‡ˆƒ  z€| zz‰‡ z~w„w …€~|zzƒ | ‚€

.

Š‹

H

w }~ Œƒ ‚yz‚|~ Ž zy

?

2. How is Mack s anger depicted?

3. What is the influence of unconscious mind in saving Mack to reconcile

himself with his anger?

C. Objectives of the Study

This writing aims to find out the influence of Mack s unconscious

mind in reconciling himself with his anger. In order to answer the questions

that have been formulated above three objectives are needed. The first

objective to reach is the character which is shown in



he

‘’“

k

.

A character

can be seen in the way how the character himself behaves or what other

characters say about him.

The second objective is to identify Mack s anger.

The description of the character in

The Shack

conveys Mack s anger. The

third objective is to recognize the unconscious mind of Mack that appears in

the novel

The Shack

which influences him to reconcile himself with his

anger.

D. Definition of Terms

The writer uses some terms in order to get better understanding of

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

4

this study. The use of terms is taken from the psychoanalysis.

1. Character

The term Character is the person portrayed in a literary work, whether it

is in a dramatic or narrative form, who is explained by the reader as

being bestowed with particular moral, intellectual and emotional

qualities. All these qualities can be taken from what the person says

through dialogue, action and motivation (Abrams, 1999: 33-34).

2. Anger

In the book

Understanding Anger Disorders

(Digiuseppe, 2007: 5), three

early writers (Aristotle, Seneca and Plutarch) all defined anger as a strong

emotion or passion provoked when people suffer or perceive that they

suffer a pain, insult, or injury that motivates the desire for vengeance or

direct actions to punish or gain restitution from the offender.

3. Unconscious Mind

The definition of unconscious mind is descriptive one. Freud said in the

book

Theories of Personality

that the existence of which human being are

not directly aware (Feist, 2010). Jung also argues that the unconscious

mind is not only from personal experiences but also from the distant past

of human s existence. In short, the unconscious mind is a state of being

unaware.

•

H

–

PTER II

RE

—

IE

˜

OF

™

ITER

–

TURE

–

. R

š›œ š

w

ž

R

šŸ ¡š¢

S

¡£¢œš¤

¥ ¦§¨©

The Shack

¦

s

ª«¬­ ¦® ¯ ©°±§ °¯±

s

¬ ©©§ ¨²³ ¦§ ´

t

²ª«¬­ ¦¨µ

t

¯©¶© ±¶©±­² · ²¸¨²³ ³ ©§ ·

s

±¬²« ·¦

t

¹º²®

t

²¸

t

¯ ©¶©­±

t

©°

st

« °¦©

s

±¶©¨²§¨ © ¶§ ©°

w

¦

t

¯

t

¯ ©

t

¯ ©²­²´¦¨±­ ±® ª©¨

t

¹» ¯ © ³ ±¼² ¶ ¨²§ ·¶²½ ©¶

sy

²¸

t

¯ ¦

s

§²½ ©­ ¦

s

¦§

t

¯ © ¬« ¦­ °¦§´ ²¸ ¨¯ ±¶±¨

t

© ¶

s

²¸ » ¶¦§ ¦

ty

µ

w

¯ ©¶© ³ ±§

y t

¯©²­²´¦±§

s

±§ ° ­±

y

ª©²ª­ ©¸² ¨

us

²§

t

¯ ©

t

¯ ©²­ ²´¦¨±­ ®«¬®· ±§¨ ©¹ ¾

st

« °

y

²¸

¿ ±¶¦¨ À

t

Á« À© ¶±§ ¦§ ¯ ¦

s

¨¶¦

t

¦Â« © ¯ ¦´¯­ ¦ ´¯ ·

s

t

¯ ±

t t

¯ ©°©ª ¦¨

t

¦²§²¸

t

¯ ©¿ ±ª ±±§ °¥ ±¶±

yu

¦§·¯ ©§²½ ©­¦

s

¨²§¸«® ¦§´Ã

IJ«§´ ª¶©®©§ ·

s

¦§¨²¶¶©¨

t

±§ ° ¨²§¸«®¦§´

t

© ±¨¯ ¦§ ´

s

¶ ©´±¶°¦§ ´

t

¯© § ±

t

« ¶© ²¸

G

² ° ±§ ° ®±­½ ±

t

¦²§¹ ŧ ¯ ¦

t

s st

² ¶

y

µ

G

² °

t

¯©Æ ±

t

¯©¶ ±ªª©±¶

s

±

s

± ­ ±¶´©¾ ¸¶¦¨±§ Ǿ³© ¶¦ ¨ ±§

w

²³±§¹Å§ ¨²§ · ¶±

st

µ

t

¯ ©È¦¬­©

t

©±¨¯ ©

s

t

¯ ±

t t

¯ ©Æ±

t

¯ ©¶§©½ ©¶

t

±À©

s

²§ª¯

y

®¦¨±­¸² ¶³¹ É ²¯§Êà ËÊ

t

©±¨¯ ©

s t

¯ ±

t

G

² ° ¦

s

® ª ¦¶¦

t

¹ Ì »¦³ ² ·¯Í Êà ÌÎ ±

st

t

©®µ Ï

G

² °µ

t

¯ © ¬­ ©® ® ©° ±§ ° ²§­

y

¶«­ ©¶µ

t

¯ © Ð ¦§´ ²¸ À¦§´

s

±§ ° Ѳ ¶° ² ¶ ­² ¶°®µ

w

¯² ±­²§ © ¦

s

¦³³² ¶

t

±­ ±§ °

w

¯² ­ ¦½ ©

s

¦§ «§ ±ªª ¶² ±¨¯ ±¬­© ­ ¦ ´¯ ·

w

¯²³ §² ²§ © ¯ ±

s

® © ©§ ² ¶ ¨ ±§

s

©©¹Ï»²±°°

t

²¯ ¦®µ

t

G

² °±ªª © ±¶

s

±

s

±

w

²³±§§ ±³ ©°Ï¿ ±ª±¹ÏÅ

t

¦

s t

¶« ©

t

¯ ±

t G

² ° ¦

s

§ ©¦¯ © ¶

t

³ ±­©§²¶¸©³±­ ©±

s

¯« ³ ±§®±¶© µ±§ °¬² · ¯ ¸ ©³¦§ ¦§ © ±§ ° ³±® ¨«­ ¦§ © ±

tt

¶¦¬« · ©

s

±¶© ¸²«§ ° ¦§

G

² °¹ Ò²Ó ©½ ©¶µ ¦§

t

¯ ©È¦¬­ ©

G

² ° ¯ ±

s

¨¯²®©§

t

²¶©½ ©±­Ò ¦³ ® ©­ ¸ ±

s

Ʊ

t

¯ ©¶±§ °§ ©

v

©¶¦§

t

¯ © ¸©³¦§ ¦§ © ´©§ °©¶¹ »¯ ¦

s

´©§ °© ¶ °¦

st

² ¶

t

¦²§ ¨²§¸«® ©

s t

¯ © § ±

t

« ¶© ²¸

G

² °¹ »¯ ©§ ŧ

t

¯ ¦

s st

² ¶

y

µ

t

¯ © Ò²­

y

¥ ª ¦¶¦

t

±ªª © ±¶

s

±

s

±§ ¾

s

¦±§

w

²³ ±§§ ±³©°¥ ±¶±«¹

y

ŧ¨²§ · ¶±

st

µ¯ ©

t

Ò²­

y

¥ª ¦¶¦

t

§ ©½ ©¶±ªª © ±¶

s

±

s

± ª ©¶®²§ ¦§

t

¯ © Ȧ¬­©¹ » ¯ ©¶© ¦

s

²§ ©

t

¦³ ©

w

¯ ©§

t

¯ © Ò²­

y

¥ª ¦ ¶¦

t

±ªª ©±¶

s

¦§ ª¯

y

®¦¨±­ ¸² ¶³ ±

s

± °²½ © ±

t t

¯ © ¬±ª · ¦® ³ ²¸ É ©® «® ¹ º² ¶©²½ ©¶µ ¯©

t

¥ª ¦ ¶¦

t

¦

s

§ ©½ ©¶ ±°°¶©

ss

©° ¦§

t

¯ © ¸©³¦§ ¦§ © ¬« · ¦

s

±­

w

±

ys

±°°¶©® ® ©°Ó¦

t

¯· ¯©³±®¨«­¦§ ©ª ¶²§²«§Ô Á«À©¶±§ÃËÕÕÖ×¹ Á« À© ¶±§ ¨²³ª ±¶ ©

s t

¯ © ° ©ª ¦¨

t

¦²§ ²¸ » ¶¦§ ¦

ty

¦§

The Shack

w

¦

t

¯¯ ±

w

t

¦

s w

¶¦

tt

©§

¦§

t

¯ ©È¦¬­ ©¹Å§ Á« À ©¶±§

s

¨ ¶¦

t

¦Â« ©¯ ©

t

¯ ©§¨²§¨­« °©

s t

¯ ±

t

The Shack

¦

s

± À¦§ ° ²¸¯ ©¶©

sy

¹

¾§² ·¯ ©¶

st

« °

y

²¸

Ø­¦±¬©

z

t

Ñ©³ ²§® ¸ ¶²³

O

¯ ¦² Ù§ ¦½ ©¶® ¦

ty t

¯ ¶²«´¯ ¯ ©¶

Journal of Research on Women and Gender

s

±

ys t

¯ ±

t

Ú

ÛÜÝÞß

s

ÝàáÝâãä à å æã âç

y

èç ÜéàáÜê

t

åÜé

t

æ Üê éëá ì

w

é

t

æ íá ê éëæäâá îâáä ï éì Ýàðç

s

â Üçàðáï ñ æç é

st

éÜá é

ty

Ü

s t

æâ çÜ

t

éàáÜê çâê éëéàáò óðç

t

æâ ç îàçâô ÛÜ ÝÞ ïàâ

s

áàä ïâã Üç

t

åçà î ëâáïâç áàç îìõ æâ

st

Ü

ys

ç Ü

t

éàáÜ êô

t

æâçâö

y

ç â îÜ éá éáëÜ çâ êéÜö êâ ÝæÜç Ü Ý

t

â ç åàç çâÜï âç éïâáäéåéÝÜ

t

éàáò ÷ æâ íá ê éëæä âá îâáä

s

â ã é

st

â îà êà ëéÝÜ ê ì æéå

t

åçà î

G

àï

t

à ÛÜá ÝÜð ìâï ñæçé

st

éÜá é

ty t

à çâ êà ÝÜ

t

â

t

æâ ãçâìâá Ýâà å

t

æâï éø éáâ

w

é

t

æéáù

w

æé

t

âúîâá ù ûâ îàá

s

üýþþÿ

).

ûâ îàá ìéáæâçÝçé

t

é ðâåàÝð ìâ

s

àáæâ

t

é ììðâàåëâá ïâç

w

æé Ýæé

s

çâøâÜ ê âïéá

The

Shack.

÷ æâìã éçé

t

à åâá ê é ëæä âá îâáäé

s t

æâ éì ìðâéá

t

æâáàøâ êâìãâ ÝéÜ ê ê

y t

æâîÜ êâ ïà îéáÜ

t

éàá àç ãÜ

t

çéÜ çÝæ

y syst

â î éá æâ

t

éá ìä é

tut

éàá Ü

s

à îÜá ÝÜ

t

æà ê éÝ ÝæðçÝæò

â ì éïâ

s t

æâ

s

â

tw

à Ýà îîâáäì ô

t

æâçâ Ü çâ Ü êìà ìàîâ àã éá éàá ì

w

æâçâ

t

æâ ð ìâ à å îâ

t

Üã æàçÜáï

sy

îöà êÜç â ï éì Ý ð ì ìâïÜ

s

ñ æðá ë ðáá

y

Üçë

u

â

s

éá æé

s

àã éá éàáàá

http://www.modernreformation.org

t

æÜ

t

ü

÷ æâ ì æÜ ÝÞ é

s

é êêéÜ î Üð ê àðá ë

s

îâ

t

Üã æàç åàç

t

æâæâ Üç

t

æàð ìâï ö

y

æð ç

t

ì ô êéâ ì ô Üáï ìâÝç â

t

ìò é

s

Üé î éá

t

æâ

st

à ç

y

é

s t

à à ååâç Üá ÜããçàÜ ÝæÜö êâ

G

àï à å ç â êÜ

t

éàáÜ êé

ty

Üáï êàøâ

t

æçàð ëæ

w

æà î æé

s

ãçàäÜ ëàá é

st

ÝÜá îÜ Þâ ìâá ìâ à å

t

çÜ ëâï éâ ìô åÜ é êðçâ ìô Üáï ï éìÜããà éáäîâáäìò

÷ æâ ìâ

t

æçââ çâ ê Ü

t

âï

st

ðï éâ

s

ÜöàøâÜáÜ êâ

yz

ï é ååâçâ áä

t

àã é Ý

s

åçà î

t

æâ

w

çé

t

âç

s st

çÜ

y

ô öðä

t

æâ

y

Ü çâ Ü êìà ì é ëá é åé ÝÜáä

t

à ï â øâ êàã

t

æâ

w

çé

t

âç

s

çâ ìâ Üç Ýæò â ÝÜð ìâ

t

æâ

y

ïà áàä Üá ì

w

âç

t

æâ

w

ç é

t

âç

s

çâ

s

âÜç Ýæ ðâ

st

éàá ô

t

æâ

w

ç é

t

âçïâ Ýé ïâ

s

t

àð ìâ ã ì

y

ÝæàÜáÜ ê

yt

éÝ

stu

ï

y t

àâáç éÝæä æâÜá Ü êì é

y

s

à å

The Shack.

. R

w

R

T

1. T

y

z

÷à åéáï àðä æà

w

Ü Ýæ Üç Ü Ý

t

âç é

s

ÝæÜçÜÝ

t

âç é

z

âï ô é

t

é

s

éîãàç

t

Üáä

t

à

Þáà

t

æâ

t

æâàç éâ

s

à åÝ æÜçÜ Ýâç é

t

z

Ü

t

éàáòöç Üî

s

éá

A Glossary of Literary Terms

ïâ åéáâ

s t

æÜ

t

ÝæÜ çÜ Ý

t

âç é

s t

æâãâç ìàá ãàç

t

çÜâ ï

y

éá Ü êé

t

âçÜç

y w

àç Þô

w

æâ

t

æâç é

t

é

s

t

! "

t

#$ %" &

w

'"

s

$

x

() $ *

y t

'$ $ $

s

*$ + * $

st

",$

w

t

'(

t

! -) ")&. $) ) $!

t

-) $ ". ") /-)

t

$0 12) )

t

'$0 $ /-)

t

$

s

! * $

t

3$ % "

w

'

t t

'$( $0" 0

ys t

'"-+')"+

u

$& !

t

"

". #

t

" 42* 0& 56667 8898:;1 <$, ')$ !! " +

t

" = ") = "

A Handbook to Literature,

! '!

t

$

z

t

"

s t

'$

w

y

w

' ! '

t

'$

ut

'"$

v

$)

s

"! $

t

$

s

t

'$! ' !

t

$

s

'0 > '$

w

"3& 3 +

t

'$ ) #$% "

t

'$ $$ 456?@7?5 ;1=") = " 456?@7?5 ; ) 0 "

st

t

$

t

'

t t

'$$ $

tw

" % - $.)

s

$

t

'"0 "% ! '!

t

$

z

"

t

%!

t

"1 A

st

&

t

'$ $

x

() !

t

( $0$.

t

" *

y t

'$

ut

'" 1 B$!"&

t

'$ ! ' !

t

$

s

", $( $0 $.

t

" % "

w

t

' !'!

t

$ "%

t

'$ ( !

t

"%! $

t

$#$.

s t

",0

t

'$! ' !

t

$

s

$ 0$) % &,

t

'"-.

y

. $ % $ $! $% "

t

'$

ut

'"1

C $)

t

"

t

"

t

'

s t

'$"

y

& <1D <-( '

y

456 EF75@5 95 E8;

An

Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students

t

'

t t

'$$ $ % $

w w

ys

% "

ut

' "

t

" 3$ '

s

! ' !

t

$

-$

st

*)$1

5 1 G $0") $0 !( . "7

t

'$

ut

'" $( !

ts

! ' !

t

$

s

(( $ ! $ $!

t

)

y

1

F1 H'!

t

$

s

0$ $ *

y

".'$7

t

'$

ut

'" $0 ! *$

s

! ' !

t

$ % " ".'$! ' !

t

$

s

( " ."% #$

w

1

81 B ( $$!'7

t

'$

ut

'" +

v

$

s t

'$ $ $ ( $! $( . " ."

w

'

t

3 "% ! '!

t

$'$"0'$

w

0&.'"-+'

w

'

t t

'$( $ 0 "001

y

:1 G

st

I %$7

t

'$

ut

'"

t

$) )

s t

'$ $$ ( !

t

- $"%(

st

"%! ' !

t

$ "$

t

" '$)(

t

'$ $ $ -$

st

%

t

'$$ $

y

$#$.

s t

'

t

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

J

KLMNOMNOP KQRS

s

TL MPM T

t

OPU

VU WQRXOP KM

t

Y QRZ

t

L O M

ut

L QP [YXO

s

M NYT

t

\P O Q] NOP K QRS

s

TLMP MT

t

OP

t

LP Q\[L^L OT QRXOP

s

M

t

YQRKQ]Q^ L OPNOQN_ OU

`U aOMT

t

YQRZ

t

L O P OMbOP [O

t s

M K Y[R

t

Q M NOP KQRS

s

TLMPMT

t

OP

t

LP Q\ [L cRQdY R[

t

L OP OM T

t

Y QRQ]T LMPMT

t

OP

t

QXMP YQ\K OXOR^

s

eU fYPOT

t

W QggOR^ Z

t

L OM

ut

L QP [YXO

s

T QggOR^QRTL MPMT

t

OPbYP OT

t

_U

y

hU iL Q\[L^ Z

t

L OM

ut

L QP

t

O__

s t

L OP OM b OP

w

L M

t t

L OTLM PM T

t

OPY

s t

L YRcY R[U

jU kMRROP YKg Z

t

L O M

ut

L QP bOKTP YlO

s

M N OPK QRS

s

l OLM XY QP

s

m LM lY

ts

Q] YbY QK

y

RTP M KY O

s t

LM

t t

O_ _ L O

t

POM b OP K Qg O

t

L Y R [MlQ\^L Y

s

TLMPM T

t

OPU

2. T

n opq

y

prsrt oq

u OQN_ O Q] M_ _ M[OK m lMTc[PQ\RbK m M Rb T\_

t

\P O

s

O

x

NOPY ORTO MR[OPU vOT M \KO MR[OP Y

s

lQ^ L ]P Ow\OR^M Rb \RY XOPM_ m

s

g QK^ Q]

us

LM XOK Qg O NOP

s

QRM_ O

x

NOPY ORTO Q]

t

L Y

s

OgQ

t

Y QRU xR

t

L O lQQc

Understanding Anger Disorders

yz{{ eZV|m

t

LPOOOMP_

y w

P Y

t

OP

s

y}P Y

st

Q^_ Om~OROT MM R bu_

ut

MPTL |M__bO]Y RObM R [OP

M

s

M

st

P QR[ OgQ^ Y QR QP NM KK YQR NP QXQcOb L OR

w

NOQN_ O K\]] OP QP NOP TOY

v

O

t

LM

t

t

L O

y su

]] OPM NMY RmY RK\_

t

mQP YR \P

y t

LM

t

g Q^ Y XM

t

O

s t

L O bOKYPO]QP

v

OR[OM RT O QP bYP OT

t

MT

t

Y QRK^QN\RYKLQP[MY RPO

st

Y

tut

Y QR]PQg

t

L OQ]] ORb OP U

aO_ M

t

Ob

t

Q

t

L Y

s

bO]Y RY

t

YQRm €U fO]] ORlMTL OP M R b L Y

s

T Q__OM[\O

s

yfO]] ORlM TL OP m

O

O

tt

Y R[m ‚RTL ƒ kQP PY

s

| YR

t

L O KMgO lQQc

Understanding

Anger Disorders

bOXO_ QNObM R [OPO

x

NPOK K YQRY RXOR^ QP

y

l

y

T Q__ OT

t

Y R[jjY

t

Og

s

P ONP O

s

OR^ Y R[K \lOT

ts

P OMT

t

YQRK

t

QM R [OPU iL O

y t

LORK YgN_ Y]Y ObY

t

Y R^ Qz{

sty

_O

s

QP

w

M

ys

Y RO

x

NPOK KY R[M R [OP U

„U } R[OP W QR^P Q_U iL Y

s

O… NPOK K YQR T QXOP

s

M__ T M_ g MR b NM

t

YOR^ P OK NQRK O

s

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

†

t

‡ˆ

t t

‰

y t

Š‹ŠŒ

t

‰Š Ž Š Š Œ

s

‘ ‡ˆ’“ Š‰”

•” –“‰‹

t

—

x

˜‰ Ž Ž “ŠŒ Š™ ˆŒ š‰ ” › ‡“

s



x

˜‰Ž Ž“ ŠŒ “Œœ “ ‹ˆ

t



s t

‡ ‹ˆ‰ œ“‰ ‹

t



x

˜‰ Ž Ž “ŠŒŠ™ Ž Š ŠŒ

s

™“ Œš”

ž” Ÿ‹“˜‰ Š‹ˆ   Š  ¡Œ“ ‹ˆ

t

“ŠŒŽ ” ›‡“

s



x

˜‰ ŽŽ “ ŠŒ ‹Š’‰

s

“

st

Œ“Œš ˆŒœ ˜‰ Š‘  Ž Š ’“Œš

w

“

t

‡

t

‡

t

ˆ‰ š 

t

Š™ Ž Š ŠŒ

s

ˆ Œš‰

t

Š œ ˆ

w

“

t

‡

t

‡  ‹ŠŒ™ “‹

t

”

¢”   ŠŒŽ “œ‰ œŸ Ž˜ŠŒŽ ”›‡“

s



x

˜‰Ž Ž“ ŠŒ“ Œ’Š’

s

‹ ŠšŒ“

t

“ ’

y

‰™ ‹

t

“ŒšŠŒ

t

‡ ‰ Ž ¡

ts

Š™ ˆŒš‰ 

x

˜‰ Ž Ž“ ŠŒ ‘ ™Š‰ Œšˆš“ Œš “ Œ ˆŒ

y

ˆ‹

t

“’“

ty

” £Œ Š¤ ‡‰

w

Š‰œŽ¤ ‡“

s

‹ˆŒ‘ ¡Œœ‰

st

ŠŠœˆ

s t

‡“ Œ¥ “Œš‘ ™Š‰ˆ ‹

t

“ Œš”

¦” › “ §Š¡¤” ›‡“

s w

ˆ

y

  ˆŒŽ ‰Š’“Œš ŽŠŠŒ ™‰Š

t

‡ ‹ŠŒ™“‹

t

¡Œ¤“  ŠŒ‹ˆ

s

œŠ¨ Œ” › ‡“

s w

ˆ

y

“

s

“¥ ˆ¥ “Œšˆ œ“

st

ˆ Œ‹‘ 

tw

Œ

tw

ŠˆŒš‰

y

˜‰Ž ŠŒŽ ”

©” ª ‡

y

Ž “‹ˆ«

tt

ˆ‹¥ Š™ ˜Š˜” › ‡“

s w

ˆ

y

œ“Ž ˜ˆ

ys

‡Œ

w

ˆ˜‰ Ž ŠŒ

st

‰ “¥ 

s

Š¡¤ ˆ

t t

‡

t

ˆ‰š 

t

Š™‡“

s

Š‰ ‡‰ˆŒ š‰

w

‡

t

‡‰ ‘

y

‡“

tt

“ŒšŽ ˆ˜˜“Œš˜¡Ž ‡“Œš Š ‰ ˜¡Œ‹‡“Œš

t

‡˜ ‰ ŽŠŒ¬

s

­”

®” ª ‡

y

Ž “‹ˆ «

tt

ˆ‹¥ Š™ Š‘¯‹Ž”

t

›‡“

s w

ˆ

y

“ Œ’Š’

s

t

‡‰ Š¨“ Œš Ž ˆ“Œš ‡“

tt

“Œš Š‰‘ ˆŒš“Œš

t

‡“ Œš

s

”

°” ±Š“

sy

«‰ š¡“ Œš” › ‡“

s w

ˆ

y

‹ Š’‰

s

Š¡œ ˆ‰ š¡“ Œš ˆ Œœ œ“ Žˆš‰ Œ¤

s w

“

t

‡

t

‡

t

ˆ‰ š

t

Š™ Ž ŠŠŒ 

s

ˆ Œš‰”

²” ³‰‘ ˆ «

ss

ˆ¡

t

´«

tt

ˆ‹¥ ” › ‡“

s w

ˆ

y

“ Œ‹ ¡œ

s

ˆ¥ “ Œš “Œ¤ ““œˆ

t

“ Œš Š‰

t

‡‰ ˆ

t

Œ“ Œš ˆš ˆ“ ŒŽ ¤

t

‡

t

ˆ‰š 

t

Š™ Ž Š ŠŒ

s

ˆŒš‰ ”

µ¶ ” ³‰‘ ˆª

ut

§œŠ¨ ŒŽ”› ‡“

s



x

˜‰ Ž Ž “ŠŒ“

s

ˆ ŠŽ ¤

t

‡Ž ˆ 

w

“

t

‡

v

‰‘ ˆˆ

tt

ˆ‹¥

‘ ¡¤

t

‡“

s ty

˜ ¡Ž “ Œš Ž ¡‘ ¤ “ ŒŽ ¡

t

Ž ‹Œ“ ‹ˆ

y

‹Š Œ¤Ž Ž ˆ‰ ‹ˆŽ  Š‰ ˜¡¤ §

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

· ¸

¹º»¼½¾¿¾À ¼½Á

t

ÂÃ

t

¾Ä¿Ã

t

ºÅ ½ ºÆ ú¼Ã

s

¾¼¿ ÃÄÇ

ȼ¿ ÃÄɾ¼¾Ê ½ºËÃÃ

x

ÌÄý½ ùÁ ÂĺͿÂ˺¹

y

Ê ¾¼¿Í¾¿ÃÇ

ÎÎ Ç ÏÀÄ

ty

Ð ººÑ ½Ç ÒÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄ Ã½ ½Àº¼ À¼É Ê͹Ã

s

ƾÑÀ¼¿ Å ¾ÉÀ ¾Ê Ã

x

ÌÄý ½À º¼½

t

¾

t

É ºÆÆ Í¼ÀÉ ¾

t

à ¾¼ ¿ ÃĺÄÉ º ¼Á ÃÆ ÌÁ Ç

ÎÓ Ç Ôº¹

y

Ð ¾ ¼¿Í¾¿ ÃÇ ÒÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý½À º¼ À ¼É Ê͹Ã

s

ƾÑÀ ¼¿ ˺¹ÀÊ

y

¿Ã

st

ÍÄÃ

s t

¾

t

Ã

x

ÌÄÃ

ss

¾¼¿ ÃÄ ºÄÉ º¼Á ÃÆÌÁ Ç

ÎÕ Ç È¼¿ ÃÄÖÀ¼× ½ ÍÌÌÄý ½À º¼ÇÒ ÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý ½À º¼É ¾¼ËÃͼ¹ÃÄ

st

ºº¹

t

¾

t t

ÂÃÌÃĽ º¼ À

s

˾½ÀÉ ¾ÊÊ

y

¾¼¿ Ä

y

ËÍÁ ÂÃ Ñ ÃÃ̽ À

t

À¼Ø ¾Ù ºÀ ¹½ Ã

x

ÌÄý ½À¼¿ ¾¼¿ ÃÄØºÄ ¾Ù ºÀ¹½ ÌúÌÊÃÇ

ÎÚ Ç È¼¿ ÃÄÖÀ¼×É ÄÀ

t

À ɾÊÇ ÒÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý ½Àº¼ ɾ¼ Ëà ͼ¹ÃÄ

st

ºº¹

t

¾

t t

Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ À

s

É ÄÀ

t

À É¾Ê ºÅ ºÁ ÂÃ Ä½Ø ºÄ ¾

s

¼Ã¿ ¾À Ù Ã

t

ºÌÀ ¼À º¼½ ºÅ ºÁ ÂÃÄ

s w

À

t

ºÍÁ Ã

x

ÌÄý ½À¼¿ ¾¼¿ ÃÄÇ

Ot

ÂÃÄÃ

x

ÌÄý ½À º¼½ ºÅ¾¼¿ ÃļºÁÆ Ã¼ÁÀ º¼Ã¹Ë

y

Ï ÃÅÅÃ¼Ë¾É Â ÃÄ Ã

t

¾Ê Ç ËÍÁ ½ ÌÃÉÀ ÅÀùË

y

Ò¾¼¿¼ Ã

y

À ¼ÉÊ Í¹ÃÛ

ÎÜ Ç Ý¾Ê Ã¹ÀÉ

t

Àº¼Ç ÒÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý ½Àº¼ ¾ÌÌü½

w

Âü

t

Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ ½ ¾

ys

˾¹

t

ÂÀ ¼ ¿

s

¾Ëº

ut t

Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ÂÃÀ

s

¾¼¿Ä

y w

À

t

Â

t

º¾

t

ÂÀ Ĺ̾Ä

ty

Ç

ÎÞ Ç ßºÄÄÃÉ

t

À Ù Ã ÈÉ

t

Àº¼Ç ÒÂÀ

s

ÃÌÄý ½À º¼

x

À

s

À¼¹À É ¾

t

ù Ë

y

ƾÑÀ¼¿ É Â¾¼¿ Ã

s

À ¼ ÂÀ

s

ºÄÂÃÄËà¾ÙÀºÄ

t

º¾

v

ºÀ ¹ ɺ¼Å ÊÀ É

t

Ç

Îà Ç ÏÀ ÅŠͽÀ º¼ºÄ¹À

st

ľÉ

t

À º¼ÇÒÂÃÌÃĽ º¼ ¾

v

ºÀ ¹½ÁºÅ¾ÉÃ

t

ÂÃÌĺËÊ ÃÆ ¾¼¹¾Ù ºÀ ¹¾¼ÉþÉ

t

À ÙÀ

ty

Ç

Îá Ç â ¾½ ½À Ù ÃÖ ¾¿¿Äý½À Ù Ã ã¾Ëº

t

¾¿ ÃÇ ä¼

t

ÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý ½À º¼

t

Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ Ëþ٠Ã

s

¾¿ ¾À ¼½Á

t

Âþ¿Ä ÃÃÆ Ã¼ÁËÃ

tw

ÃüÁ ÂÃÆÀ¼ºÄ¹Ã Ä

t

ºËÊ ºÉÑÁÂÿº¾Ê Ç

Î åÇæÃÊ ¾

t

À º¼¾ÊçÀÉ

t

À ÆÀ

z

¾

t

À º¼ºÄ½ ºÉÀ ¾ÊÀ ½ ºÊ ¾

t

À º¼ºÅ

t

ÂÃ

t

¾Ä¿ Ã

t

Ç ä¼

t

ÂÀ

s

Ã

x

ÌÄý½Àº¼

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

è è

t

éêëê ìí îïêï ðîñìò óê

s

îôéê ì

s

õ ïîìöêì

t

îõ í î÷ò

t

ê

t

é ê

t

ò ìóê

t

íîðõò÷ ÷ø

y

ùúøûõ íë÷òðêüê ïô ø ýï

t

éõ

s

ê

x

ëìêí íõîï

t

éê ëê ìí îï ðéò ïóê

s t

é ê

t

ò ìóê

t

îþ éõí ÿéê ì ò ïóê ìø éõ

s

ð ò ïêí ê ê ïõïô éêð÷ò

ss

îìþ ò üõ÷

y

ø

3. T

y

U

sy

ðé îòï ò÷

yst

õ óü ñïö ìê ñö ê ÷õêêö

t

éò

t

êéòõ îì òïö ëê ìíîïò ÷õ

ty

ö ê ìõê

s

þìîü

t

éê ð îïí ôò ïô ò ïö ñïõ ñê õ ïô ê ìòð

t

õîï îþ ð îïþ÷õð

t

õïó ëí

y

ðé î÷ îóõð ò ÷ þîìð ê

s t

éò

t

îëê ìò

t

ê ò

t t

é ìêê öõþþ êìê ïô ÷êê ÷

s

îþ ò

w

ò ìêï êí í

t

éê

ëìêð îïí ðõ îñí

t

éê ð îïíðõîñí ò ïö

t

éê ñïð îïí ðõ îñíø ðð îìöõïó

t

î ìêñö

t

éê üõïöðò ïêöõ õöêöõïô îô é ìêêöõþþê ìê ïô÷ê

v

ê÷í

ø éê ð îïíðõ îñí üõ ïö õïð ÷ ñöê

s

êêìéõ ïó

yt

t

éò

t w

ê ò ìêò

w

òìê îþø éõ

s

õ

s t

é ê îï÷

y

֐

v

ê÷ îþ üê ïôò ÷÷õ þêöõìêð

t

÷

y

òòõ ÷ò ÷ê

t

î

us

t

éò

t w

êð òï

t

éõïòïö

t

ò ÷ ò îñô ìò

t

õ îïò ÷÷

y

ø ýöê ò

s

ìê òðé ð îïí ðõ îñíïê

ss

þ ìîü

tw

î öõ ìêð

t

õ îïí ø éê þõì

st

õ

s

þ ìîü

t

éê ëêìðê ëôñò÷ ðîïí ðõ îñí

syst

ê üø êìê

w

éò

t

êê ì ò ëêìí îï ëê ìðêõ

v

ê

s t

é ìîñóéí ê ïíêîìóò ïíðò ïê ïôêìõ ïôîð îïíðõîñí ïê

ss

ò

s

÷ îïóò

s

õ

t

õ

s

ïîô

t

é ìêò

t

ê ïõ ïóø é ê í ê ðîïö õ

s

þìîü üê ïô ò÷

st

ì

u

ð

t

ñìê ò ïö ïîïô é ìê ò

t

ê ïõ ï ó õöêòíø

2.

éê ëìê ð îïí ðõîñí üõ ïö õ

s t

éê ëò ì

t

îþ

t

éê üõ ïö

t

éò

t

ìê ëìê

s

ê ïô

s

îìöõïò ì

y

üê ü îì

y

ø éõ ÷ê

w

ê ò ìê ïîô ð îïí ðõîñí÷

y

òò ìê

w

îþ

t

éõ

s

õ ïþ îìüò

t

õîï ò

t

òï

y

óõê ï

t

õüê

w

ê ðòï ìê óòõï õ

t

ò ïö ëñ÷÷ õ

t

õ ïôî ð îïíðõîñí ïê

ss w

éê ï ïê êöêö ø

éêð îïôê ïô

s

îþ

t

éêëìêð îïí ðõ îñí ð îüê þ ìîü

tw

î íîñìðêí ø éêþõ ì

st

í îñìðê õ

s

þ ìîü ð îïíðõîñí ëêìðêëô õ îïø ý

t

õï î÷ê

s w

é ò

t

ò ëê ìí îï ìêð êõ êí ø éê í êð îïöíîñìðêõ

s

þìîü

t

éêñïð îïí ðõ îñíø

3.

!" # !" $# % #

s

&

st

!'& ( !) ) *# ("+

t

! (, "+ ' ("+ & % $$ !'#

s t

&

t

&' - !%

y

!' !" #!" &

w

&' " ". / !'%# (

t

! 0'%+

t

!" # !" $!,# 1&

t

s

$!" , !) !'

w

! '%"+ )*# ("+ &% &

t

# !". $&#(- # %%'&$ "+"*# 2 "!)

t

!(&% '

t

&#3# %"!)) !' (

tt

#( & -

x

2* &# % -

y t

!" # !". 4 '+ 0' % # #

s

- *#) " &

ys t

&

t

#*%!!%

x

2 '#

s

& &22 &'# &%*

t

%' &$

s

50 #

st

678 97:;.

<#

s

2 " !& &*

y

#

yt

t

!'+

y

0' %&*"!

s

&#%

t

&

t

&('!2!)$ ,&* 2'! ""

s

&-*

s t

$# %

t

! " !* 1

t

!)*#

ts

- , " !$!)

t

$ &'&-*

t

! '" !* 1. #

s

2 ' !

ss

!)

t

#

s

#

s

"&* *

y

!" # !

s

&%#1!* 1

s

! &*#()'!$

!" *)#

t

' &* %'#1

s

!' )* # (

t

&

t t

' &

t

s t

!* != ' " *)9

st

$ !'2'!1!3

s

&> #

ty

. <

t

#

s

*

v

*+ 0 '% !) ) ' % %) " $ &# " $

t

! " !* 1

t

! )* #

ts

t

'!(" !$2 '!

ss

s

.

?. @ 2'" "#!. #

s

2' !

ss

&22 "

w

& 2 ' " ! &

s

2 &# ) * $$!'#

s

& % & 2 ,&-*

t

!(,

s

& % $!,# 1

s w

# 2'!%

t

!! $ &>#

ty

. 2 ' " ! '(

s t

&

t t

! (

ts

%!= # , !

t

!" #!" 2 &'

t

! )

t

$#%. 2 ' " ! #

t

#

s

&" ) !' (

ts

t

t

# (

t

&

t

- !

t

'

s

# $A ' &%

w

#

t

!, '&*#

z

#( #

t

+

t

&

t

2 ' "! 2 "

s

#

t

!, !) # "A' &

w

&'

ss

. ) *#(

s

!) !",#* #

ty

&%& ('

st

&

y

#

t

!" # !"$# %&% &' 1 &*#

t

)!' $!) "&' &

st

# B !3 "+ "* #2 " !)

t

t

! ( &% % '&$ . 0' % !- " '

v

%

t

&

t

#

s

2 &

t

# ,

s w

' &-*

t

! ' &**

t

' &$ &

t

# + 2 "

y

!* ! (# &* *

y

%&$& (# (+ # * %!!% 1,

s w

#

t

!, !"#%'&-* 2'!-# (. ' &$&

t

# $$!'#

s

&' '2'

ss

%&%3 2 ,#, !" # !"-

y st

'!()!' ".

C D

EF GHIJ

t

KLM NLOP I

t

KLM F QRK

s

SOL JH

ss

RI SSHMT

w

RHM I SH OT LM OH SUIJH

s

IM IJJH SVI WU HXH HUK MY

w

K

t

RK

ts

L SSLT K

t

H F Z PL

t

RHO

w

RL WHIO

s

IM[M\IMVH ] JRK U ]^ XLO H

x

I PSU H^ PI

y

OH I J

t t

L RHO XH HU KMY

s

L X Y[KU

t

XL O MLV

w

I MVK MY

t

RH JRK U ] W

y

WHJL PKMYH

xt

OH PHU

y

T LUKJK

t

L[TIM ] L_H OSOLV HJ

t

K _H

t

L JLM_K M JH WLVR

t

RH JRK U ] IM ]RHOTHU X

t

RI

t

T RHK

s

I YLL ]PLV RHO F QRK

s

PLV RHO [M JLMT JK L[TU

y

K

s

JL_HOKMY [ SRHO

t

O[HXHHUK M YF

`F a OL bH J

t

KLMF QRK

s

SOL JH

ss

RI SSHMT

w

RHM K MMHO XH HU KMY

s

IO H

t

ROL\M L[V T K ]H F QRK

s

K

s

I XLO P L X ]HXHM T H KM

w

RKJR [M\IMVH ] X HHU KMY

s

IO H ]KT SUI JH ] LM

t

L IMLVRHO SH OTLM ^

w

RH OH

t

RH

y t

RHM ISS HIO I

s

I

t

RO HI

t

XOL P

t

RH H

xt

HOMIU

w

L O U ]F QRK

s

T K

t

[I

t

K LM MLO PIU U

y

L JJ[O

s w

RHM IM KM ]K _K ][IU ^

t

ROHI

t

HMH ] W

y

RK

s

L

w

M IMYO

y

XH HU KMYT^ I JJ

us

H

s

IMLVRHO F Z M H

x

I PSU H K M

t

RK

s

JIT H K

s

I WL

y w

RL K

s

H

xt

OH PHU

y

bHIUL[TLXRK

s

YK OU XOKHM ]W[V]LHTM c

t w

I MV

t

LOH JL YMK

z

HK

t

F

dF GHYO HT TK LMK

s

IOH

t

[OM

t

LHIOU KHO

st

I Y H

s

LX]H_HUL S PHMV UK eHJRK U ]RLL ] SHOKL ]

w

RKJR K

s

SOL PSV H ] W

y

] IMYHO

s

L O JLM XUKJ

ts

IOKT K M Y I

t

LMH L X

t

RH UIHO

t

st

IYHT F Z

y

L[M Y

w

KX H ^XL O H

x

I PSUH ^PK YRVOH

t

OHI

t t

L

t

RHT HJ[OK

ty

LX RHOSIO HMV T fRLPH IX

t

HORHOXKO

st

JLM XU K J

t w

K

t

RRHOR[TWIM ]F

gF hKTSU IJH PHMVF

QRK

s

SOL JH

ss

R ISSHMT

w

RHM RH

t

L WbHJ

t

LX IM [MJLMT JK L[T ]HT KO H SOL_LeH

s

IM i KH

ty

F ZMMI NO H[ ] IU TL K M_LU_H

s t

[OMKMY IYIK MTV THU X

w

RK JR K

s

IT TL JK I

t

H]

w

K

t

R]H SOHT T KLMIM ]T [K JK]H F Z MH

x

I PSU HK MV RK

s

UH _HUK

s t

RH

w

I

y

LXIWL

y w

RL

w

IMV

s t

L RK

t

RK

s

XI

t

RHO FjH_HO

t

RHUHT T ^ RI

t

t

WL

y

K

s

I XOIK ] LX RK P^T L RHRK

ts

RK

s

y

L [MYH

st

WOLVRHOK MTV HI] kNOH[ ]^lm`no nmp F

q r

stuv wx y zx{|}

s t

~ xz€

y

 { t‚

s t

~ xz

y

ƒ „xz… t†u v

ty

v

s

† uv

tt

u x ‡v

t

|v ƒƒxzxtˆ ‰ Š x

st

zt ‚u

y

†… …xz

t

x|

t

~ †

t t

~ x ‹ … ˆ v‹ „ z

t

†tˆ „ †z

t

ƒ

t

~ x { tŒt… Œv{… Œ‹ x

s

tˆ ƒz‹ „ xz… t†u x

x

„ xzvxt Œx

s

‡{ˆ ƒz‹ † |v

st

†tˆ „ †

st

ƒ ~{‹ †t x

x

v

st

xtŒx‰ t ~v

s t

~ xz€

y

 { t‚

t

~ xt ‹xt

t

v tx|

w

~ †

t

~ x Œ†uu x| Ž

ersonal Unconscious

†t|

Collective Unconscious

‰

P

 ‘’“”•

U

“ –’“‘– —’˜‘ Œtˆ†v t… †u u zx„ zx

s

… x|€ ƒz‚ˆ

t

xt€ „ xzŒxv

v

x| x

x

„ xzvxtŒx

s

ƒ † „ xz… t‰

t

vt™ u™ x

s

†uu

t

~ x ‹ x‹zvx…€ƒz ‚ˆ

t

xt x™ xtˆ… €x

x

„ xzv xtŒx

s

…vtŒx

t

~ xv tƒ†tˆv u x„ xzv | ‰

O

{ z„ xz… t†u{ tŒt… Œv{…v

s

{ tv š{ x‡xŒ†{… xv

t

v

s

ƒz‹ x| ‡

y

{ zvt|v™v |{ †u x

x

„ xzvxtŒx… ‰ t

t

~ x„ xz… t †u { tŒt… Œv{…€…‹ x v ‹ † ‚x

s

Œ†t‡ x x†… v u

y

zx Œ†u ux| ‡{ˆ… ‹x

w

v

t

~ |v ƒƒv Œ{ u

ty

†t|ˆ~ xˆ ~ xz

s

†z x{ˆ … v| xƒŒt…Œv {…tx……‰ › tx

x

†‹„ u x‚v™ xt‡

y

 { t‚v

s

† „ xz…t}

s

x

x

„ xz v xt Œx

w

v

t

~

t

~ x ‹ ˆ ~ xz ‹†

y

† zv…x † t x‹ ˆ v t†u Œzx … 

t

~ †

t

t

~ x

w

z|‹ˆ~ xz Œ†{…x

s

†tx‹ ˆ v t†uzx… „ t…x

w

~vŒ~‡uŒw…

t

~ xƒuœƒ

t

~ { ‚~ˆ‰

’ • •–ž —Ÿ

U

“ –’“‘– —’˜‘Œtˆ†vt…v t~ xzv

t

†tŒxƒz ‹{ z†tŒx

st

z‰ 

t

~ †

s

v

ts

zˆƒz‹

t

~ x†tŒx

st

z†u„ †

st

ƒ

t

~ xxtˆvzx… „xŒv x…‰ tˆ~ xz

w

z|… €

t

~ x Œuu xŒ

t

v™ x { tŒt…Œv {… v

s

v t~ xzv

t

x| †t| v

t

~ †„„xt… ƒz‹ ‚xtxz †

t

v t

t

 ‚xt xz†

t

vt‰ Ž x„ ux ~ †™ x ‡xxt v tƒu{ xt Œx| ‡

y t

~xv z „ zv ‹v

t

v ™ x †tŒ x

st

z

s

x

x

„ xzvxtŒx

s

…{ Œ~ †

s G

|€ ‹ ˆ ~ xz€ x†z

t

~ †t| …  ƒz~ ‰

t

 ~ x Œuu xŒ

t

v™ x { tŒt… Œv{… v

s

†u…  zx…„ t… v ‡u x ƒz „ x„ u x

s

‹~…€

yt

u x‚xt|… †t| zxuv‚v {… ‡xuvxƒ…‰ › t x

x

†‹„ u x ‚v

v

xt ‡

y

{ t‚ v

s

†

y

{ t ‚ ‹ˆ~ xz ‹ †

y

{ tx

x

„ xŒ

t

x| u

y

zx†Œ

t w

v

t

~ u™ x †t|

t

xt|xztx

ss t

 ~ xz tx

w

‡ zt ‡†‡

y

x

v

xt

t

~ {‚~ …~x ~†

s

tx‚†

t

v™ xƒx xuvt‚

s t

œ †z|

t

~ xx‹ ‡z

y

¡ { t‚€¢£¤¥¦ § ££ ¨‰

© ª

«¬

T

­ ®

R

®¯°±²³´µ®±

w

®®´

P

¶·¸ ­³ ¯³ ¹·°´º»²± ®¼°±½¼®

¾¿

t

ÀÁ Â

t

ÃÁÀ ÂÄÅ Æ

sy

ÇÈÉÊÉË

y

ÂÁÀ

tw

É Å¿ ÌÌ ÀÁ ÀÄÍ Î ÃÏÐÀ Ç

ts t

È Â

t

Ç ÂÄ ¿ ÄÌÊÃÀÄÇÀÀ Â ÇÈÉ ÍÈÀÁ ÑÆ

sy

ÇÈÉÊ ÉË

y

ÇÂÄÏÀÂ

t

ÉÉÊ

t

ÉÃÄÅÀÁ

st

ÂÄÅÊ¿

t

ÀÁÂ

t

ÃÁÀ ÑÒÈ ÂÁ ÂÇ

t

ÀÁ

s

ÁÀÓÁÀ

s

À ÄÍÂ

s

È ÃÔ ÂÄÁÀÓ ÁÀ Î À ÄÍÂ

t

¿ É Ä¿ Ä

t

ÈÀÊ ¿

t

ÀÁ Â

t

ÃÁÀ ÂÄÅ¿

t

ÇÂÄ ÏÀ ÂÄÂÊ

yz

À Å

t

ÈÁÉ ÃËÈ ÓÎ

y

ÇÈÉÊ É Ë

y

ÑÕ

s

ÓÎ

y

ÇÈÉÊ ÉË

y

¿

s

ÂÏÉ Å

y

ÉÌ ÖÄÉ ×ÊÀÅ ËÀ

w

È¿ ÇÈ

st

ÃÅ¿ À

s

È ÃÔÂÄ ÓÎ

y

ÇÈ ÀØ

t

ÈÀ ÔÉÎÍ ÁÀÊ Â

t

À Å ÀÊÀÔÀ ÄÍ ÉÌ Ê¿

t

ÀÁ Â

t

ÃÁÀ

t

É ÓÎÇÈÉÊ ÉË

y

y

¿

s

¿

ts

È ÃÔÂÄ ÙÊ¿ÖÀ ÇÈ ÂÁÂÇ

t

À ÁÎ Ñ ÚÀÌÀÁÁ¿ ÄË

t

É ÛÂÁÄ À

ts

À

x

ÓÊ ÂÄÂ

t

¿ É Ä ÂÏÉ ÃÍ ÇÈ ÂÁ ÂÇ

t

À Á ¿Ä

Literature for Composition

t

È Â

t

ÇÈ ÂÁÂÇ

t

À Á ¿

s

 ̿ Ë

u

ÁÀ

w

¿

t

È ÎÓÀÇ¿ Ì¿Ç ÔÀ ÄÍÂÊ ÂÄ Å ÔÉÁ ÂÊ Ü ÃÂÊ ¿

t

¿ÀÎ Ý ¿

t

¿

s

É ÏÞ¿É ÃÎ

t

È Â

t

ÇÈ ÂÁ Â Ç

t

ÀÁ

s

ÇÂÄ ÏÀ É ÏÎ ÀÁÞÀ Å

t

ÈÁÉ ÃËÈ ÓÎÇÈÉÊÉË

y

y

Ø¿Ä

t

ÀÁÔ

t

È Â

t t

ÈÀ

y

ÇÉÄÎ ¿

st

ÉÌ ÃÄ¿Ü ÃÀÔ À ÄÍÂÊÜ ÃÂÊ ¿

t

¿ À

s

ßÛÂÁ ÄÀ

t

Øàáââ ãäàåÑ

ÕÊ ÔÉÎÍ

t

ÈÀ ÎÂÔÀ

t

É

t

È¿

s

ÓÀÁÎÓÀ Ç

t

¿ÞÀØ ÛÉÁÄÎÍ À¿ Ä ¿Ä È¿

s

ÏÉÉ Ö

Psychology and its Allied Discipline Humanities

æÉÊ ÃÔ À çÎ Â

ys t

È Â

t

¿ Ä Ê ¿

t

ÀÁ Â

t

ÃÁ ÀØ

t

ÈÀ ÇÉ ÄÅ¿

t

¿É ÄÎ ÉÌÈ ÃÔ ÂÄ ÄÂ

t

ÃÁÀ ÂÁÀÅÀ

s

ÇÁ¿ÏÀ Å ¿ Ä ÅÁ ÂÔÂ

t

¿ Ç ÌÉÁÔ

w

È¿Ê À ÓÎ

y

Ç ÈÉÊ ÉË

y

¿ ÄÞÀ

st

¿ËÂ

t

À

s

È ÃÔ ÂÄ

s

ÇÈÂÁ ÂÇ

t

À ÁÉÁ ÏÀÈÂÞ¿ÉÁ ¿ Ä

syst

ÀÔ Â

t

¿Ç

w

Â

ys

ßÛÉÁÄÎÍÀ¿ÄØàáâè ã

àèèå Ñ

é

. T

­ ®³ ¼®± ²¸° ¯

F

¼° ê®

w

³ ¼ë

ìÈÀ ÃÎ À ÉÌ ÇÈÂÁ  Ç

t

ÀÁØ ÂÄËÀ ÁØ ÂÄÅ ÃÄÇÉ ÄÎÇ¿ É ÃÎ Ô¿ÄÅ

t

ÈÀÉÁ

y

ÂÁÀ

t

È À ÌÉ Ç

us

ÉÌ Ô

y

ÁÀÎ À ÂÁ ÇÈ Ñ çÄ ÉÁ ÅÀÁ

t

É ÂÄÎ×ÀÁ

t

ÈÀ ÁÀÎÀ ÂÁ ÇÈ Ü ÃÀ

st

¿É Ä ÄÃÔ ÏÀÁ É ÄÀØ

t

ÈÀ

w

Á¿

t

ÀÁ ¿

s

ËÉ¿ Ä Ë

t

É ÃÎ À

t

ÈÀ

t

ÈÀÉÁ

y

ÉÌ ÇÈ ÂÁ ÂÇ

t

À Á ÂÄÅ ÇÈÂÁ Â Ç

t

ÀÁ¿

z

Â

t

¿É ÄÑ í

s

¿ÄË

t

È¿

s

t

ÈÀÉÁ

y

Ø

t

È À

w

Á¿

t

ÀÁ ¿

s t

ÈÀÄ ÂÏÊÀ

t

É¿ÅÀ ÄÍ¿ Ì

y t

ÈÀ Ç È ÂÁÂÇ

t

ÀÁ¿

st

¿ Ç

s

ÉÌî ÇÖ ÀÎ ÓÀÇ¿ÂÊ Ê

y t

É ÖÄÉ ×

w

郔傅
s

Ñ Û

y

Ì ¿ ÄÅ¿ÄËÉ ÃÍ

t

ÈÀÇÈ ÂÁÂÇ

t

ÀÁ¿

st

¿Ç

s

ÉÌîÂÇÖØ¿

t

¿

s

À ÂÎ ¿ ÀÁ

t

ÈÀÄ

t

É ÂÄÎ ×ÀÁ

t

ÈÀ ÁÀÎÀÂÁ ÇÈ Ü ÃÀ

st

¿ É Ä ÄÃÔ ÏÀÁ

tw

É Ï

y

ÀÊ ÂÏÉÁ Â

t

¿ ÄË

t

ÈÀ

t

ÈÀÉÁ

y

É Ì ÂÄËÀÁÑ

ï ð

ñòóòô

t

õ ò

w

óö

t

ò ó

w

ö÷ ÷ öøò ùú öû

y t

õ ò üõýóýü

t

ò óö

st

öü

s

þû ÿýü

w

õ öüõ ó òûò ó

s t

þ ý ù òó õ ö

s

òýù

t

õý

t

ÿý ü

s

ý ù òó

ust

ò øòüóö ò ø ö ù

t

õ ò óò÷ò

v

ý ùú

t

õ ò þó

y

þû ý ùòó

öùý ÷ ÷

y

ôöù þóøò ó

t

þ ýù òó

t

õ ò óò òý óüõ ò

st

ö þùù òó

t

õ óòò

t

õ ò

w

óö

t

òó ò

s t

õò

t

õ òþó

y

þ û òó þùý ÷ö

ty

óò÷ý

t

òøúþùüþùüö þö ùøò òü öý ÷÷

y t

þ ûöùø

t

õ ò ö ùû÷ òùüò þû ùü þùüö þ öùø ö ù ý ö ù ÿý ü

t

þ óòü þùü ö÷ ò õ ö ò÷ û

w

ö

t

õ õ ö

s

ý ùòó

y

ò÷ý þ óý

t

öù

t

õ ò ò

t

õ óòò ýö ùõ òþóöò

t

s

ô ö

t w

ö ÷÷ õ ò÷

t

õ ò

w

óö

t

òó

t

þ ûö ùøõ ò

t

ý ù òó

s

þû

t

õò

s

òó ò òýóüõ ò

st

ö þù

17

.

!"#!$% !& ' (

)*+ , , -./ 0 12 3. ,4 , 25 -*4 5 2647 8 9: ;9<=> ? @+ - -45 A 0 B +77 + CD E C.7

F 2.5G

,

C1 2@D4 @ 211+34 DC5 CG4 @ C5/ * 2-47 5+G* - 374 @HI J. A7 + ,*4/ +5

2007.

K5 -*4 A4G+ 55+5G

,

-*+ , 5 2647 ? C, @4L4 3-4/ A0 DC50 J. A7+,*4@, A4 3C. ,4 21 -*4 325 - @264 @,+ C7-*4 27 2G 0325 -45 -CA2. --*4325 34 J-2 1)*4M 270) @+ 5+ -0C5/C7,2

A43C. ,4 F 2.5 G 5464 @ ?@2-4 C A22H A412@4

.

N2

,

+ - ,44 D4/ C, *4 @4 , 0

.

O 1 -4@ A4+ 5G@4 1. ,4/IF 2.5 G -*45/43+ /4/- 2 J. A7+,*25 7 0 -4532J+ 4 ,PM4 GC64 -* 4 D

C, C Q* @+,- DC, G+1 - 12@ * +, 3*+7 / @45 C5/ *+, 372,4

-

1 @+45/ , P M+, 1 @+ 45/ , 12.5/ 2. - -* C- -*4 , -2@ 0 +5 89: ;9<=> ? C, +5 -4@4 , -+ 5G C5/ A4 3C. ,4 5 2 J. A7+,*4 @

? C5 -4/89:;9<=>G2J.A7+3

,

-*4 0-*45A.+ 7 -C54?254+ 5-*4+@2?5C5/C--*4 -+D489:;9<=>? C,A4, - , 47 74 @

.

)*4 N - 2@0 A4 G C5 ?+ -* C5 .5H5 2? 5 74 - -4 @ ?*+ 3* RC3H @4 34+64 / +5

*+ , D C+ 7 A2S

.

) *4 325 -45- 21 -*4 7 4- -4 @ ?C, C5 + 56+ - C-+ 25 12@ RC3H -2 D44 -TE CJCC-- *4,* C3H+5-*4? 44H45/ PRC 3H/+ /5 2-H5 2??* 2TE CJC? C,C5/

*4 H4J- - @ 0+ 5 G -2 1+ 5/ 2. -

.

RC3H ? C, J. U U7 4/ A0 -*4 74 - -4 @ V * 4 * C, *C/ 5 2 @47 C-+ 25 ,*+ J ? + -* *+ , CA. ,+ 64 1C-*4@ ,+5 34 *4 741- * 2D4 C- CG4 21

13

.

O 1- 4 @ C 7 25G,4C @3*+5 G

,

*4-*453 25 37 ./4/-* C-T E CJC+,W 2/ P

)*4,* C3H?C,-*4J7 C34?*4 @4R+, ,0

,

25421R C3HX,3*+ 7/ @45I? C, H+7 74/ A0YC/0H+7 74 @ -* @4 4 04 C @, A412 @4

.

O - -*C- -+D4 RC3H -22H -* @44

(

21 *+ , 1+ 64

)

21*+,3*+ 7/ @4525 C3CD J+5G-@+ J- 2BC7 7 2?CYCH4

.

) ? 2 21*+,3*+7 / @45 ?4 @4J7 C 0+5G+ 5C3C5 24 C5/ 25421 -*4 D? C,C7D2, -/ @2?5 A. -7. 3H+70RC 3H

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

18

Z[\]^_ `ab cde

.

f [g babh

,

i`Zj] bkl cd_^` \mclbh

,

id__n

,

`] [obdol cb _ c`Zjp q\hrh d_dom]n

,

gcbo i` Zj h bl\ho b^ l [ l cb _c`Zj

,

id_ _n g `_ ed_ _ dom

.

scb r[]dZbg bh bZ` ] ]b^`o^k[\o^[\llc` lid_ _nc`^t bboe\h^ bh b^`o^cbht[ ^n

Z[\]^o [ltbk [\o^ pqdoZbcbht[^nZ [\]^o [ltbk[\o^ui`Z jv_] dk b_ `o jdo l[

wscb xh b` l q `^o b_ _p qdoZ b l c`l e d_ _dom

,

i`Z j g`_ l[l` ]]n ^ dkkbhbo l

,

[o do [lcbh g [h^_ dl Z`o tb _`d^ lc` l cb g `_ l [l` ]]n `o mhn `o^ Z [ok \_ b^ g d lc c d_

g [\o^ b^cb`h l

.

s [ h b_ r[o^ l [ lcb do adl` ld [ou i`Z j r]`oo b^ l [ m [ t`Zj l [ lcb _ c`Zj

`kl bh

3

nb`h_ tbdo m `g`n

.

y ]] lcb ebe [h db_ [ k id_ _n g bh b t`Z jp fb l [ [j ` h ba[] abh gdl c cde do [h^ bh l [ jd] ] wz ` r`

.

fb gbo l ` ][o b l [ lcb _ c` Zj do lcb g do lbh `o^ e bl l chbb rbh _[o lcbh b

,

o`eb]n x[^ l cb {` l cbh do l cb k[he [k `o ykh dZ`o g[e`o jo [go `]_[ `_ | ][\_d` [h z ` r`

,

} b_ \_ ~ chd_ l do lcbk[he [k ` id^^ ] b

-

|`_l Z` h rbo l bh ` o^ s cb f[]n qrdhd l do lcb k[he [k `o y _ d`o g[e`o o`e b^q `h`n\pi` Z j brhb_ _ b^ cd_`o mbhg dl c lcbe`o^ l cbnc `^` abhn][om

Z [o abh_ ` ld [o `o^ ^ bt` lb

.

y l l cb bo^

,

i`Zj h b`] d€ b^ lc` l cb ^ d^ o [l

,

do k`Z l

,

_rbo^lcbg bbj bo^` llcb_c`Z jut\lcd_Z`h`ZZ d^bo l[ZZ \hhb^[o lcb_ `e b^` n

lc` l cb `hh dab^ ` l l cb _c`Z j

.

f [g ba bh

,

`k lbh l c`l `ZZ d^ bo l i`Zj k do`] ]n Z[\]^ h bZ [oZ d] bcde _ b]kgdl ccd_`om bh

.

fbg`_l[l`] ]nc` rr n`k lbh`] ]

.



.

‚ƒ ƒ „…†‡ˆ…‰Š ˆ‹ŒŠ  Ž 

yZZ [h^ do ml [`hhn

,

z _nZc[`o` ]n_d_d_`k [he[kl cbh` rng cdZ c`de_l [ Z\h b e bo l ` ] ^ d_[h^ bh_ t n do ab_ld m`l dom lcb dolbh`Z l d[o [k Z [o_ Z d[\_ `o^

\oZ[o_ Z d[\_ b] be bo l_ do l cb edo^

(2002

‘ ’“

).

”l e b`o_ lc` l lcb do l bh` Z ld [o

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

19

•–—˜––™ š›™œš ›žœ Ÿ™  ž™š›™œ š›žœ œ —¡– —›› ¢ —› šž£– ¤–™ —Ÿ¢   œ ›£ –£

.

¥¡œ œ —ž  ¦  – Ÿ¢œ ˜  —¡ š ¡Ÿ£Ÿš —– £

,

Ÿ™§– £ Ÿ™  ž™š›™œ š ›žœ ¤ ™ ¨ —¡–£–©›£– ªœ ¦š ¡›Ÿ™ Ÿ¢¦œœŸªª£›Ÿš ¡œŸªª£›ª£ Ÿ—–

.

«šš›£  ™§—›¬–˜œ¬– Ÿ£¦

(1

­®¯°

57)

™ ¡œ •›› ± ²³ ´µ¶ ·¸¹ º ¶ » ´µ ¸»¼µ ´½ ² ¾» ¼¿À ¸¹¿ Á ´Â ´¸µ ·Ã Ä ¼¶ ¿ ´

,

ªœ ¦š¡› ¢› §šŸ¢ Ÿªª£› Ÿš ¡ œ Ÿ™ Ÿªª £› Ÿš¡ —¡Ÿ— Ÿªª ¢–œ ¤› –£™ ªœ¦š ¡› ¢› § ¦ —› š ¡ Ÿ£ Ÿš —–£ œ ›£

œ  —ž Ÿ— ›™ ˜ — ¡™ ¢—–£ Ÿ£ ¦ ˜ ›£± ›£ —› — ¡– ª–£œ›™ ˜ ¡› ˜£› —– —¡– ˜›£ ±Å

Æ œ¦š ¡› Ÿ™Ÿ¢¦— š Ÿªª£› Ÿš ¡ œžœ– —›Ÿ™ Ÿ¢ ¦Ç–Èô ¾Ã¸·É ™›£ –£—›©™ ›ž —˜¡›

ʟš ± œ¨ Ÿ™  ¡›˜ ¡– š›ž ¢  £–š›™ š ¢– ¡¤œ – ¢© ˜— ¡ ¡œ Ÿ™§–£ — ¡£›ž § ¡ —¡–

™ ©¢ž–™š– ›© ž™š›™œ š ›žœ ¤ ™ Å Ë£–ž Ìœ —¡–›£¦ Ÿ•›ž — š›™œš ›žœ¨ ª£– š›™œ š ›žœ

Ÿ™  ž™š›™œ š ›žœ ¤™  Ÿ™  Í ž™§Ìœ —¡–›£¦ Ÿ• ›ž — ª–£œ ›™ Ÿ¢ Ÿ™  š› ¢ ¢– š —Î–

ž™š›™œ š ›žœ Ÿ£– žœ –  —› Ÿ™ Ÿ¢¦Ç– Èô ¾Ã¸·É

.

«šš›£  ™§ —› Ë£–ž ¨ —¡– ž™š›™œ š ›žœ ¤› — Î Ÿ—–œ ¤›œ—› © ›ž£ ˜›£ œ ¨ ©–– ¢™§œ ¨ Ÿ™  Ÿš — ›™œ Å ¥¡– ¤– Ÿ™ ™ §

•–¡™  £– Ÿ¤œ ¨œ¢ ªœ› ©—›™§ž–Ÿ™ š –£— Ÿ™±™ œ› ©©›£ §– ——™ §š Ÿ™•–– Ϫ ¢Ÿ™– 

• ¦— ¡–ž™ š›™œ š ›žœ Šˣ– ž  ̜•– ¢ – ©œŸ ¦œ— ¡Ÿ—š ¡¢   ¡›› –Ï ª–£ –™š–œšŸ™Ÿªª– Ÿ£

™Ÿ ž ¢ — £– Ÿ¤œ

(

˖ œ—

, 1

­­Ð°

24-27).

џœ– ›™Ë £–ž  ̜œ—Ÿ—–¤ –™ ——š Ÿ™•–œ Ÿ  —¡Ÿ——¡–ž™š›™œš ›žœ¡ŸœŸœ§™  ©šŸ™ —™ ©¢ž–™š –›™¡ž¤Ÿ™ª–£œ ›™ Ÿ¢ — ¦

.

¥¡–™¨ œ™š– —¡œ œ—ž  ¦ £ Ÿœ –œ — ¡–  –Ÿ › © ªœ¦š ¡› Ÿ™ Ÿ¢¦— š Ÿ™  —¡–

š›™š–£™ œ   œ šžœœ™ § —¡– ™ ©¢ž–™š – › © ž™š›™œ š› žœ ¤™  —› £–š›™ š ¢– Ê Ÿš±Ìœ

Ÿ™§–£

,

— ¡– ªœ¦š ¡› Ÿ™ Ÿ¢¦—š Ÿªª£› Ÿš ¡ œ ™ –– –  —› Ÿ™œ˜ –£ — ¡– ª£› • ¢–¤ ©›£¤ž ¢ Ÿ—›™Å Æ œ¦š ¡›Ÿ™ Ÿ¢ ¦—š Ÿªª£› Ÿš ¡ œ Ÿ¢œ › œ ž — Ÿ• ¢– •– š Ÿžœ – › © —¡– ª£›Î  – 

—¡–›£–œ ™ ªœ¦š ¡› ¢› § ¦ œžš ¡ Ÿœ Ÿ™ §–£

,

ž™š›™œš›žœ ¤™  Ÿ£– žœ–  —› ¡– ¢ª —¡– ˜£ —–£™©™  ™§›ž ——¡–Ÿ™œ ˜–£›©ª£›• ¢–¤©›£¤ ž¢ Ÿ—›™Å

20

Ò

.

ÓÔÕÖ ×Ø×ÙÕ ÖÔÚ ÕÛ Ø Ü

ÝÞ ßàá Þâãäá å æÞæçèåáåéãäê ëìáãê ì í åêß ãä êç á îìæì è ìêåêæ ìïäðêãäàßñ

òä êìê ëêìê ãëà óá Þß å à ô åàí ìïêå áÞ ãäá å å ãíßè

.

õá ìå ã

,

ãä ê Þà öêç ÷ øù ú øûüý ëìá ã ãêÞîèþáç çáæðÿ

.

àí Þâë æåí å êßæåìáðæìèåàí ìï ê

.

êïà Þß éåàðêîà àó å åíïä æå

R

á ïä æìß

.

æå åïä æí å ù û üø êå å õ êá å ã å

÷ øù ù ù û ê ôôêÞî æïäêì å ù û ù ù

,

õ ìêíß å ÷ øù û øù

Mechanisms of Defense

êãï ëêì êí å êß æåãä ê å êïà Þß åàí ìï ê

.

àð êïìáãá ï æçìêöáêëåëêì êà îã æá Þêßôìàðá Þã êìÞêãåáãêåñ

òä êìê ëêìê åàð ê å ãêå á Þ ôáÞá åäá Þâ ãäáå åãíß è

.

õá ìåã å ãê ëæå ìêæßá Þ â

The Shack a

ïïíìæã êçè á Þ à ìß ê ì ãà âêã ãäê ß êê í Þß êìå ãæÞßáÞ â àô ãä ê åãà ìè

.

ÝÞ ãäá å ìà ï êå åá ã ë æå æç åà êå åêÞãá æç ãàìêìê æß ãä ê Þà ö êç

.

òä ê å êïà Þßë æå ôáÞßá Þâãä êìà îç êðãàßá åïí å å

,

ãä êÞãä êë ìáãêìå êããä êìà îç êðôà ìð íç æãáà Þñò ä ê ôáìå ã í êå ãáà Þ ß êæç ã ëáãä ãä ê ðæà ì ïä æì æïã ê ì

,

åêïà Þß í êå ãá à Þ ëáãä ãä ê ïä æìæïã êìáåãáï àô æÞ âêì æ Þß ãäáìß í êå ãáà Þ ëáãä ãä ê á Þôçí êÞï ê àô í Þï à Þåï á àí å

ðáÞßñ ÝÞ ãä ê ãäá ìß åãê

,

ãä ê ëìá ã êì çààó êß ôà ì æ ìà ìá æãê ãä êàìá êå áÞ à ìßêì ãà ôáÞßãä êæÞå ë êìàôãä êìà îçêðôà ìðíç æãáà Þñòä êôàí ìãäå ã êë æåêçæîàìæãá Þ âãäê

ãä êà ìáêå ãà æÞæç èê ãä ê Þà öêç

.

òä êÞ ôáÞæççè ãäê ç æå ã å ãê ë æå ß ìæëá Þâ ãä ê ïà Þïç í åá à Þôìàðãä êæÞ æçèå á åñ

21

!"# $

%

L

&'#'

()

t

*+, -*./0 123

t

*1

w

2+

t

12 +, 45 +)4

t

5 .) ,61 2

t

*1

t

*211 78 1,0+5 ),

w

*+-* *.9 1:11), 0.

t

1;+)

t

*1/25 :< 1=>5 2= 8 <.

t

+5 )?@+ 2, 0 3

t

*1

w

2+

t

12

w

+< <;+, / <.

y

*5 6

t

*1 =.+ )- *.2.-

t

12, / 12, 5 ) . <+

ty

+,;1,- 2+:1;+)*1

t

)59 1<?A 1-5 );3

t

*1

w

2+

t

12

w

+< <.<,5 .).<

yz

1

t

*1= .+ )- *.2.-

t

12, .)4128, + ) 4B 2+, 050<1,

t

*15 2

y

?C * 1)

t

*+2;3

t

*1

w

2+

t

1 2

w

+< < .).<1

yz

t

*1 + )><8 1)-1 5 > 8 )-5 ), -+58, =+ ); +) 21-5 )- +< +)4 *+ =, 1<>

w

+

t

* *+, .)412?

.

D EFEG HIJK

t

JLMLN D EOP JM D P IPH

t

EIJM

t

D E%L QER S.-T1)U+1

B < <1)

V*+ <<+/,

+, =.+) - *.2.-

t

12 + )

t

* 1 )59 1< ? B<

t

*58 4* =5, 0 / 15/ <1- .<< *+=B << 1)35)<

y

W.) 3 *+,

w

+>1.);- < 5,1>2+1);,-.< < *+ =S.-T? S.-T

w

., :5 2) + )

t

*1 S+ ;6 1, 03 . >.2= X:5

y

+) .) (2+,* XB = 12+-.) > .=+ <

y

? () *+, - *+< ;*55 ;S.-T+,.<

w

.

y

, .:8, 1;:

y

*+,>.

t

*12? W505 )<

y

S.-T3*+,=50*12+,.<, 5 , 8 >>12+ ) 4>25 =

t

*19 +5 <1)- 15 >*1 2*8,:.);?

(

t

.< < -.= 1

t

5 . * 1.;

w

* 1)

t

*+ 2

t

11) X

y

1.2

X5 <;S.-T1)U+1

21<8-

t

.)0 <

y

:. 21; *+, ,58 <

t

5.- *8 2- *<1.;12 ;8 2+)4.

y

580*219 +9 .<?

Ov

12

t

.T1):

y t

*1-5 )9 +-

t

+5 )5 >

t

*1 =5 =1)0 3 S.-T -5 )>1, , 1; +)

t

1. 2,

t

*.

t

*1 *. ; )50 ;5 )1 .)

yt

*+) 4

t

5 * 1</ *+, =.= .., *1

w

+

t

)1, , 1 ;35 ) =5 21

t

*.)5 )1 5--., +5 )3*+,

;28 )T1)

;.; :1.

t

*128 )-5 ),-+58, ?Y*.

t

S.-T> .+ <1;0 5-5 ), + ;12

w

.,0 * .

t

*+,-5 )>1, , 5 2

w

5 2T1; .); - *8 2-*1;

w

+

t

* *+, > .

t

*123 .); :

y t

* 1

t

+ =1 * 1 450 *5 =1 *+, ; .;;

y w

.,

w

.+

t

+)4 >52 *+=5 )

t

*1 >25 )0 /5 2- *

w

+

t

* *+, =.=. .); ,+,012, -5 ), / +-858, <

y

.:,1)0? Z1 <.

t

1 2 < 1.2)1;

t

*.

t t

*1

y

* .; :11), *80

t

<1;5 >>

t

5 *+, .8 )0 S.

y

, +) 5 2;12

t

5 4+9 1 *+, >.

t

*12 , 5 =1 >211;5 =

t

5

t

1.- * *+, 21:1<< +58, , 5 ) . <1, ,5 ) .:580 21, / 1-

t

? @5 2 .< =5, 0

tw

5 ;.

y

, 3

t

+ 1;

t

5

t

*1 :+4 5 .T .

t t

*1 :.-T 5>

t

*1 *58, 13 *1

w

., : 1.

t

1)

w

+

t

* . :1<

t

.);

[+:< 1

v

12,1, 19 12

y t

+= 1 *+, ;.;

w

5T1 >25 =., 08/5 2.);/80;5

w

)*+,:50

t

<1 \]58 )43^_ _ `abc?

Z1213 S.-T

, *5 6, *+, +).:+< +

ty

+) *1</ + ) 4 *+ =,1<> .); *+, =50 *1 2?

S.-T

w

58 <;

<+T1

t

5 *1</*+,=50 *12 :

ut

*1- .))50 :1- .8,1*1+, , 0+<<. :5?

y

Z5 619 123S.-T+)

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

51

š› œ

t

ž Ÿ œž ž ¡   ¢¡ ž £¡ ¤œ ¡ ž š¥ œ ¦ § ¨© ¢ž ¢œ £ œ Ÿ  Ÿ ›œ ¨ ¥ ¨¡£ œ Ÿ ¢¡ž  šœ›¦§¨©¢žª›  ž ¤¥›«œŸ¢¡ ž£¡ ¤œ ¦

¬œ££ ­

t

¢œ›œ ¥®

y

¢

v

œ¡

t

¯

t

£œ ž ªž¡

t w

ž

t

¥£ Ÿ

t

¥«œ ¦°«ž ® ›œ

t

¢œ ›œ

w

¡£ £ ±œ ž ¥«œ

w

¢¥

w

¥ Ÿœ›

w

¢œ

t

¢œ› œ ²œ›¢¡   š

yt

›œ££

y

¢³³œ  œ Ÿ ž

§¨© ›œ¨££ ž ¡

t

­ ¥› ¡¤

t

¢œ ¨ ¨¡ Ÿœ  ª  Ÿ « ¥›³ ¢¡ œ « Ÿœ ¢¡ « ´®ž ª  £¡

tt

£ œ ±¡

t

£ ¥¥³

y

¦ µž ¤ ¥› §¨©­ ¢œ ¨ ¥ ª¡ ®œž

t

¥ £¡²œ ¢¡ ž  ¥›« £ ³› ¥Ÿ®¨

t

¡ ²œ£ ¡¤œ Ÿ›œ «¡ žŸ«  ª

t

¢

t

œ ²œ ›

y w

¥›Ÿ¥¤

t

¢œž ª¥›

y

¡ ž

t

›®œ ¦ µ£ £

t

¢œ ¨ ¢   šœž ¡  ¢¡ž £ ¡¤œ­ ¢œ

t

œ£ £ž «œ­ ›œ œ ¥® š¢ œ ²¡Ÿœ  ¨œ ¤ ¥› ¢¡«¦ ¶¢œ š› œ

t

·Ÿ  œž ž ¡ž š¥ œ  Ÿ ¢œ œ

x

³œ›¡œ  ¨œž « ¥ž ª Ÿ

y

ž

w

¡

t

¢³› ¥¤¥®  Ÿž œ  ž œ¥ ¤´ ¥

y

¸¹ ¥®   š­º»»¼½º ¾¼ ¿¦

ÂÃÄ ÅÆÇÈÉ ÂÊËÂÌÍ Î Ï ÊË

ÐÑ Ò Ó Ô ÔÓÕÖ ×Õ ØÔ ÙÚ ØÑÛ

s

Ü ÝÞ ßÝàáâã

t

äåå

r

Ó

s

Õ

st

Ú æ

y

Úç Õ Ö ÕÑ ÑÕÖåè éÕêëåÑì Ó å Ú æ éÕê ë

w

äÚ ä Õ

s

íÕ ÓÑç ØÔ å

x

í å

r

ÓåÑêå

s

î ÓÑê å äÓ

s

ê äÓ Ôè äÚÚè ï ð Ó

s

Õ ñØî å å

x

í å

r

ÓåÑê å

s

Õ

r

å Ñåòå

r

äåÕÔ åè ÕÑè Ó Ñ äÓ

s

Õè ØÔ

t

äÚÚè äå ÕÛÕÓ Ñ å

x

í å

r

Ó åÑê å

s t

äå Û

r

åÕ

t

îÕ è Ñå

ss w

äåÑ äÓ

s

èÕ

u

Ûäó å

r

Ó

s

Öè å

ur

r

åè Õ Ñè äå èÚå

s

ÑÚó

ëÑÚô

w

äÚ

t

äå Ö

ur

è å

r

å

r

Óî ï Ò äåÑ

t

äå Û

r

åÕ

t s

Õè Ñå

ss

åÑóå

rs

äÓ

s

ÔÓçåõ éÕê ë

ñåêÚÖå

s

îÚÖ åÚ Ñå åÔ îåõ ÓÑ

w

äÓê ä äå èÚ å

s

ÑÚó

w

Õ Ñó

t

Ú

t

Õ Ô ë

t

Ú åòå

ry

Ú Ñåõ

st

Õ

ys

ÕÔÚ ÑåÓ Ñ äÓ

s

Úô ÑõñÔÕÖ å

s

Úó äå

rs

ÕÑè äÓÖ î åÔç ï ðåê ÕÑÑÚó Õ ÔîÚçÚ

r

ÛÓ òå äÓ

s

çÕ

t

äå

r

õ

t

äå Ö

ur

è å

r

å

r

ÕÑè öÚè ï ÐÑ äÓ

s

î åÕ

r

ê ä Úç äåÕÔ ÓÑ Û ç

r

ÚÖ äÓ

s

íÕ ÓÑõ äå Ó

s

Ó ÑòÓ

t

åè ñ

y

×ÕíÕ

t

Ú îí åÑè Õ

w

ååëåÑè

w

Ó

t

ä äÓÖ Ó Ñ Õ î äÕê ë

w

ä å

r

å éÕê ë

s

èÕ

u

Ûäóå

r

Ûå

ts

ëÓÔ Ôåè ï

B

åçÚ

r

å éÕê ë

r

åÕê ä å

s t

äå î äÕ ê ëõ äå Û å

ts

Õ Ñ Õê ê Óè åÑó Õ Ñè ñåê ÚÖå

s

ØÑêÚ Ñîê ÓÚ Øî ï ÷ç

t

å

r

äå Ó

s

êÚ Ñîê ÓÚ ØîõéÕê ë çÓ Ñè î

t

äå äåÕ ÔÓ ÑÛ Úç äÓ

s

íÕÓ ÑïéÕê ë

r

åêÚ Ñê ÓÔ å

s

äÓÖ î åÔç

w

Ó

t

ä äÓ

s

ÕÑÛå

r

ï ø

r

ÚÖ

t

äÓ

s st

Ú æ

y

õ

t

äå

wr

Ó

t

å

r

Õ

rr

Õ ÑÛ å

s t

äæå å í æÚ ñÔåÖ çÚ æÖ ØÔÕ

t

ÓÚ Ñ

s

ÓÑ ç ÓÑÓ îäÓ ÑÛ

t

äÓ

s

ØÑè å

r

Û æÕè Ø Õ

t

å

t

äåî Óî ïùäåúØå

st

ÓÚ ÑîÕ

r

åÕ ñÚ Øóê äÕ

r

Õ ê

t

å

r

Úç éÕê ëõ

Õ ÑÛ å

r

è åí Ó ê

t

ÓÚ Ñ Õ Ñè

t

äå Ó Ñç ÔØåÑê å Úç ØÑêÚ Ñîê ÓÚ Øî ÖÓÑè ÓÑ îÕ òÓÑÛ éÕê ë

s

ÔÓçåï ùäå çÓ

rst wr

Ó

t

å

r s

êÚ Ñê Ô

us

ÓÚ ÑÓ

st

äÕ

t

éÕê ë Ó

s

Õ ñØîåè õ éÕê ëû

s

äåÕ

rt

Ó

s w

Ú ØÑè åè ñåêÕØî å Úç äÓ

s

çÕ

t

ä å

rs

èååè Õ Ñè

t

äå Ö

ur

è å

r

å

r

õ éÕê ë Ó

s r

åÕÔ Ô

y

Õ ÑÛ

ry w

Ó

t

ä äÓ

s

Úô Ñ çÕ

t

äå

r

õ

t

äå Öè å

ur

r

å

r

Õ Ñè öÚè ï ÐÑ äÓ

s

êÚ Ñç

u

îÓÚ Ñ éÕê ë ÓîÚ ÔÕ

t

å

s

äÓÖ

s

åÔç õ

ÔÓ òå

s

ÓÑäÓ

s

ÚôÑ

w

Õ

y

w

äÓ Ô åÔÚÚ ëÓÑÛ çÚ æ

t

äå

w

Õ

y

Ú

ut

ÚçäÓ

s

íÚ ñÔ åÖ ï

r

ùäå

s

åêÚ Ñè

ü ý

wr

þ

t

ÿ

rs

þ þ

s t

t

þ ÿ

t

ÿ

s

þ

s

ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ þ

s

y w

þ

t

þ

s

t

ÿ

r

t

ÿ ÿ

ur

r

ÿ

r

ÿ þ ÿ þ ÿ

t

ÿ

ÿÿÿ

s

þ ÿ

y r

ÿ ÿ þ

r

ÿ

t

þ

t

þ ÿ

t

þ

þ ÿ ÿ þ ÿ

r t

ÿ

t

þ ÿ

r

t

ÿ þ ÿ

ty

ÿ

s

þ

ÿ þ þ

s

þ ÿ ÿ

u

ÿ ÿ þ ÿ

s w

t

ÿ þ

s

ÿÿþ

t

t

y

s

w

y

þ ÿ

r

ÿ þ

t

þ

w

y

t

þ þ ÿ

t

þ

r

wr

þ

t

ÿ

rs

þ þ

s t

t t

ÿÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ þ þ

s

y t

r

ÿ ÿ þ

s

þ ÿ

r

þÿ

ty

þ

t

ÿ

v

ÿ

r

ÿ þ

t

r

ÿ ÿ

w

t

þ

t

þ

r

ÿ ÿ þ þ

s r

ÿÿ þ

r

ÿ

t

þ

t

þ ÿ

t

þ þ ÿ ÿ

r

ÿ ÿÿ ÿ

r

þ

s

þ

r

ÿ þ þ

t

þ þ

s

ÿ

r

þ þ

s

y w

ÿ þ

s

þ

s

t

ÿ

r t

ÿ

r

þÿ þ

s

þ ÿ

ss r

ÿ ÿ

s

t

ÿ þ

t

þ

r

ÿ þ

s

ÿÿ

s

þ

ÿ

t

þ

r

ÿ

t

þ

t

þ þ ÿÿ

t

t

ÿ

r

þ

t r

ÿ

v

ÿ

s

þ ÿ

s

ÿ

r

þ ÿÿ ÿÿ þ

y

þ þ þ

s

t

ÿ

r

t

ÿ

ur

ÿ

r

ÿ

r

ÿ ÿ

x

þ

st

ÿ ÿ

t

ÿ þ þ þ

s r

ÿ

y

ÿ

t

þÿ

þ þ þ

s

þ ÿ

r

ÿ þ þ þ

s

ÿ

r

þ

t

t

ÿ þ

þ þ þ

s r

ÿ þ þþ

t

ÿ

r

ÿ þ

s

þ

t

t

ÿ

þ þ þ

s r

ÿ

y

þ þ þ þ

s r

ÿ þ þ

t

þ ÿ

! "! #"$ %& '() *

+,-./ 012343567 89 9:;<8=>?@ A;:; <BA; C 9 3D

t

E

FG3HF

w

IJ -KL4J M

t

1N OPFQ F.

rt

.PG

ROP 0SJP1TUUU3

B

.

r

P F

t

V 1 HJ -

t

JP

B

1 .PG ROM MO./

B

3>?@ A; :@ W;A = 8; X 8C Y89 ?@?8Z[ \ 9 9:< 9]

Fi

^

tion,

_8A

try

: Z`a; :C:

.

bJPG JP LVcJS1

t

dJ -F/.P.PGcJ/e.P1

y

TUff3

B

.

rry

1gF

t

F3

r

B

A

ginning

Bh A

ory

L

An Introd

W^

tion to

>

it

A;:; <

: Z`

Cult

W; :7B h A

ory.

2.PcQF

st

F

r

LiP OjF

r

0O

ty

g

r

F 001TUUk3

B

J -P 0SF OP12.cQ

r

43 _9<^h 87

ogy

: Z`

its Alli

A

d

a

i

9 ^

ipli

ZAl

um

: Z?

ti

A

s

Vol 1

3HF

w

mF

r

0F

y

Ln-M,.o/ + 00JcO.

t

F

s

go,M O0 QF

r

1TUfD3

pQoP q1VoPP3

y

rQFVQ.cK

<

QS

t

e0 Ls s

ww

w

3/ JGFP -FtJ -/.

r

t

OJP3J -qsG Ft.oM

t

3eQeue. qF v.

rt

OcMFG O0eM.w j.

y

r

Tv+

rt

NF .G w

v

.

r

xvTyxUwj.

r

zv.

ut

QJ -,OJwj.

r

Dv +

ut

NF 0 wj.

r

kvz{|} ~+e-OMxyyUJ M3Tf

HJ3 x

g3 D|€x{

‚O qOo0FeeF1 N ./ JPG

y

w pQOe r.t

r

.

t

F1 N.

y

/ JPG 3ƒ

nd

A

rst

: Z`?

ng Ang

A

r

a

isord

A

rs.

HF

w

IJ -KL„tJ -G

x

iP OjF

r

0O

ty

g

r

F0 01x yy{3

n. qMF

t

JP1 rF

rry

3 >

it

A; :;

y

B h A

ory

[

An Introd

W^

tion

3

2OPPF 0JS. L

iP O jF

r

0 O

ty

Jt 2 OPPF 0JS.gF0 01

r

xyyf3

dF O

st

1 mF

ss

.PG …

r

FqJ -

y

m3 dF O3

st

BA

ori

† A

pri

‡:`?:: Z B h A

ori

A

s

8= _A; 9 8Z:7

ity

3 m. K.

rt

. LV . MF/ ,.4o/ .P O K.1xyTy3

d

r

FoG1 +3 rQ F nqJ .PG

t

QF 2FcQ.P O 0/

s

Jt ‚F tF P 0F3 bJPGJP L 4Jq.

rt

Q gF

r

ss

.PG ˆP 0SO

tut

FJtg

sy

cQJ €+P. M

ys

O 01TUz{3

4J M/.P1p34oqQ.PGRO MO./4 .

r

/ JP3

A

l: Z`‡ 88

k to

>

it

A;:@W; A

.

HF

w

IJ - KL 2.c/OM O.Pgo,M O0 QOP qpJ/e.P

y

1TUf|3

moP q1p.

r

M…

ust

.j3

Contri

‡ W@

ion to A

Z:7

yti

^:7_9< ^h 87

ogy

3bJPGJPLNJoSMFG qF .PG‰Fq.Pg.oMbO/ O

t

FG1 TUDf3

‰. 0 0cQ.o1+3N OcQ.

r

G3 ƒ

nd

A: Z`?

rst

ng

_9< ^h 87

ogy

3„QOJ L… MFPcJF‚ OjO 0OJP1TUUk3 bF .

ry

1bF

w

O 01

Am

A

ri

^: Z >

it

A;:@W;A[

A

Š@

udy

: Z`

R

A9 A:;^h 6

uid

A

.

HF

w

IJ -KL V

t

3

2.

rt

OPgF

r

ss

ˆPc 31TU{|3

bF/JP 01nM O

z

. ,F

t

Q3‹p Q-O

st

O.P O

tys

p J MMo0 OJPŒO

t

QRQOFPF 0 0 L

t

‚O jOPF n/,JG O/ FPS

OPr QF

VQ.cK‹

<

QS

t

e0 Ls s

ww

w

3G O qO. M3 MO ,-.

t

ry

3S

xst

.F3FGosQ.PG MF sTyf{{ s DD{{

t

}~xyTx

J Mo/FzHJT



Ž‘’

y

“ Ž” •” –—˜™š› œ —˜ž —Ÿ –—›™™—›  ¡— ¢—œ š£˜¤¥œž£— œ£ ¦ —Ÿ§ ž› ¨ © £™œšª —˜ œ ¨™ ¦ —Ÿ§ž›¨ « £¬™§ ­ £š ®¬ ™š›™› ¯œ¤˜™—œ ›” °±²³± ²´ µ± ¶· ¸³ ¹¸ º²³ » ¸ ¹º² ¼ º·°½¾ ½

t

¸³ “¿ÀÁ”

¼ º· “ñ² ¹Ä ½··½º¾ ” Ũ™¯¨¥ÆÇ °±²³±²´ ȱ³³¸

r

ɱ¾‘º²

y

“Â ÊÊÁ”

Ë

t

±

r

“ ̲ ¶ ’±²”

y

F

š™

ud

 

A V

™

ry

¯¨£šœ

Introd

¤¥

tion.

Í

x

ᐳ´ ϲ ½Ð¸Ñ½

r

ty

¼

r

¸Ñ ѓ ¿ÀÒÀ”

ĸ··¸Ó“ µ¸² ¸ º²³

Ì

ust

½² ĺ

rr

¸²” Ũ™

ory

£­ ԙš œ¤š™

it

.

Õ ¸

w

ñ Ó´ Ⱥ

r

Ö±

t

“

Br

º Ö¸º²³Ä ±·³ “¿À ×Ø

ُ Ӹ

r

º² “ ¼ º

tr

½ ÖӔ ɽ

r

t

½Ú ¸ ±Î ے¸ ˒º ÖÓ ÜÌ É ’ ½

st

½º² ے¸±· ± ¹½º²

s

¼ ¸

r

ё ¸Ö

t

½Ð¸

<

’¶

t

‘Ñ´ Ý Ý

ww

w

” ‘±Þ ¸”± ¹ÝÖ

r

½½Ú ¸

t

ܱÎÜ

t

’ ¸Üђº ÖÓÝ ßàÂÀÍÖ

t

±Þ ¸

r

 ÊÊÒá

â

6

ãääå æ ç èé

êë ìí î ïïðñòóôõö ÷ ø ö ùúû

üýþ

st

ÿ

y

s

ÿ þ þ þ ÿ

w

ýÿ

s

þ

x

þ

r

þ

t

ýþ þ þ ÿ ý

s

u

ý þ

r

þ ý

s

ý ýÿÿ ý

s

t

ýÿÿ ýþ

þ þ

r t

þ

s

ÿ þ

y

t

ý

t

ýþ

s r

þ

y

y w

t

ý

t

ýþþ

tw

ÿ þ þ þ

s

ÿ þ

r

ý

s

þ

r

try

t

ÿþ þ

t

ýþ

s

þ þ ÿ þ

s

þý þÿ ÿ

t

þ

s

ý þ

y

ÿ þÿ þÿ þ

r

t

ÿ ý

ur

ý ÿþ þ

r

ÿ þ

y

w

þ

r

ýþþ

ts

ÿþ

tt

þ

r

ý

s

ÿ

x

s

t

þ

t

ÿ þ

w

þþ þ

t

ýþ ý

t

ýþ þ

w

ýþ

r

þ ý

s

u

ýþ

r

s

þ

ur

þ

r

þ üýþ ÿ

y

þ

wr

tt

þÿ

t

ýþ þ

tt

þ

r

s

þ

w

ý ý

r

þþ

rs t

ÿ ÿ ý

s

þ

r

ýÿ

t

ýþ þ þ

r

ÿ

t

ýþ þ

tt

þ

r

ýþ

t

ý þÿþ

s t

ÿ

t

ýþý þ

ts

þ þ ÿ

r

þ

r

þ ý

t

ýþý

t

þ

r t

ýþ þ þ ÿ ÿ

s t

ÿ

y

þ

r

þ þ

t

þ

s

t

ý

t

ýþ ý

s

þ

t

t t

ýþ ý ý þý

s

ÿ þ ý

s

t

ýþ

ur

þ

r

þ

r

ÿ ÿþ

s

ÿ ÿ

t

þ ý þ ÿ ýþ

t

ÿ

r

ry

ýþ ÿþ

s t

ÿ þ ÿ þ

t

ÿ

ý

r

þý

s

þþ

x

þ

r

þþ

s

t

ý

t

ýþý

s

ÿ ÿ

y