Effect of Organic Matters And Water Stress On Performance of Rice in Vegetative Phase | Ichsan | Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter 5851 11977 1 PB
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Effe ct of Or ga nic M a t t e r s And W a t e r St r e ss On
Pe r for m a n ce of Rice in Ve ge t a t ive Pha se
1
* Cut Nur I chsan, 1Erida Nurahm i, 1 Okt rya Rochm ad, 1 Bakht iar, 1Efendi, 1 Sabaruddin
1
Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam ,
Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor: cut [email protected]
Abst ra ct
Drought becom e a m aj or lim it ing fact or in world cereal prod uct ion. Various m et hods are used t o
solv e t his problem such as irrigat ion m anagem ent by m anaging t he soil m oist ure effect iv ely for
t he plant s t o grow norm ally . Anot her way t o im prov e t h e wat er holding capacit y wit h t he
addit ion of organic m at t er in soil. Anot her way by plant ing drought t olerant rice v ariet ies.
Drought - t olerant rice v ariet ies lik e I npago 8 wit h v arious doses of organic m at t er and wat er
st ress at v eget at iv e phase t reat m ent done t o analy ze t he change of rice plant perfor m ance at
t he v eget at iv e phase of t he rice crop due t o drought and organic m at t er dose. At v ery low
wat er cont ent , wh ich happened repeat edly during t he v eget at iv e phase causes t he change in
root growt h, plant height , lengt h and widt h of rice leaf significant ly .
Ke y w ords: Organic Mat t er, wat er st ress, rice, v eget at iv e
I nt r oduct ion
The effect of global warm ing need t o be addressed urgent ly t o alleviate t he negat ive im pact s that
could be caused low product ion of m aj or crops in t he world (I PPC, 2007) . Cereal crops such as rice are
very sensit ive t o wat er short ages. Product ion of rice in dry season in Aceh was 5.4 t on/ ha for rice field
and 2.4 ton/ ha for upland rice field ( BPS, 2014). Because t his plant is basically a plant t hat grows in
watery condit ions. To resolve this issue, water m anagem ent required to deliver wat er to t he boundary
t hat allows t he plant t o grow norm ally ( De Dat ta, 1981) .
For a plant to grow norm ally requires to im prove soil m oist ure in plant root ing m edium by adding
organic m at ter to increase t he water holding capacity of t he soil. The addit ion of organic m att er can
provide benefits of im provem ent in physical, chem ical and biological fert ilit y of soil. Physical
im provem ents such as water- holding capacit y due t o organic m at ter funct ion in changing the soil
st ruct ure. Porosit y is expected t o m inim ize t he effect s of drought t hat happens frequent ly in t he last
decade. I t is necessary for adapt ive cropping pat terns t o m it igat e drought effect in rice cult ivat ion.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
Pr ocedur e
This research was conducted at plast ic green house at BPPT Lam pineung in Syiah Kuala dist rict with
daily t em perat ure of 28° C up to34 ° C , from January t o April 2014. The st udy was conduct ed in a
random ized block design wit h a 4x4 fact orial wit h 3 replicat ions. The t reat m ent fact or were wat er
st ress and organic m at ter consist ing of four levels equall t o 0, 20, 30, 60 tons per hect are. While
water st ress consist s of four levels which are well wat ering every day, st op watering unt il t he leaves
roll up t o form a shallow V, deeply V rolled leaf, and form ing a shallow U rolled leaf,and t hen cont inue
watering. Assessm ent of rolled leaf based on evaluat ion score of rolled leaf effect of drought ( I RRI ,
2002) .
Each polybag filled wit h 10 kg of soil. Organic m at t er used for t he t reatm ent was rice st raw com post .
urea fert ilizer equivalent t o 200 kg per hect are, SP36, 150 kg per hect are, KCl 50 kg per hectare. The
param eters observed in rice vegetat ive phase, were plant height , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, num ber of
t illers, weight of root and root volum e. Plant height is m easured from t he ground t o t he t ip of t he
highest leaf clum ps of plant s. Leaf widt h m easured at t he center of t he leaves on t he sam e leaves t hat
have been m arked. Weight root weighed at t he age of 60 days aft er the root s are washed clean and
wipe with a dry t issue. Root volum e is m easured by wat er replacem ent m et hod ( I RRI 2012).
D a t a Ana lysis
Analysis ovarian used t o see t he effect of organic m at t er and water st ress ( F t est ) . The significance in
level of t he t reat m ent analyses wit h t his significant difference ( LSD 0.05)
Results a nd D iscussion
Dose of organic m at ter have significant effect on the rice perform ance at veget at ive phase as seen in
plant height , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, root weight , root volum e, as shown in t he t able 1 below.
237
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Tabel 1. Effect of organic m at t ers on t he perform ance of t h e rice plant s at v eget at iv e phase
No
Param et er
Dose Treat m ent of Organic m at t ers ( T/ ha)
20
30
60
0
1
Plant height 15 DAP ( cm )
28,67 b
31,67 c
29,08 b
24,00 a
LSD
0.05
0,92
2
Plant height 30 DAP ( cm )
46,25 b
55,75 c
46,00 b
31,50 a
1,35
3
Plant height 45 DAP ( cm )
63,00 c
73,25 d
61,00 b
54,92 a
1,98
4
Plant height 60 DAP ( cm )
79,75 b
99,45 c
83,20 b
74,53 a
2,78
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Num ber of t illers 15 DAP
Num ber of t illers 30 DAP
Num ber of t illers 45 DAP
Num ber of t illers 60 DAP
leaf lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 60 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 60 DAP ( cm )
Root weight ( g)
16
Root v olum e ( cm 3 )
( perhill)
( perhill)
( perhill)
( perhill)
1,42 a
5,25 a
10,58 b
20,92 b
14,42 c
22,25 c
34,00 b
0,57 b
0,84 a
1,36 b
29,08 a
2,00 c
8,00 c
15,25 b
22,58 c
17,75 d
27,92 d
43,33 b
0,63 d
1,02 c
1,50 d
76,58 d
1,42 a
6,17 b
11,33 c
21,08 b
12,42 b
20,75 b
36,08 c
0,60 c
0,95 b
1,44 c
43,88 b
1,58 b
5,72 a
8,58 a
17,50 a
10,08 a
14,42
25,00 a
0,53 a
0,81 a
1,18 a
51,69 c
0,11
0,30
0,54
0,92
0,64
1,08
1,66
0,01
0,05
0,05
1,82
63,33 a
120,83 d
79,17 b
84,17 c
3,40
Tabel 2. Effect of int erv al wat ering of t he appearance of t he rice plant s in t he v eget at iv e phase
No
Param et er
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
S1
S2
S0
1
2
3
4
leaf
leaf
leaf
leaf
lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
lengt h 45 DAP ( cm )
lengt h 60 DAP ( cm )
widt h 30 DAP
5
6
7
8
leaf widt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 60 DAP ( cm )
Root weight 60 DAP ( g)
Root v olum e 60 DAP ( cm 3 )
S3
14,46 c
22,87 c
36,95 b
0,59 b
13,67 b
19,17 a
33,08 a
0,64 c
12,25 a
19,50 a
33,49 a
0,55 a
12,67 a
21,25 b
34,33 a
0,56 a
LSD
0,05
0,64
1,08
1,66
0,01
0,93
1,42
51,06 c
89,49 c
0,97
1,45
52,23 d
88,33 c
0,88
1,33
47,66 b
82,50 b
0,88
1,37
30,78 a
70,90 a
1,82
3,40
I nt eract ion bet ween doses of organic m at ter and wat er st ress on t he appearance of t he rice plants
veget at ive phase.
Tabel 3. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 30 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
S1
S2
S3
S4
1.
0
18,33 Cd
13,33 Bb
10,00 Aa
16,00 Dc
2.
20
24,33 Dc
17,67 Db
17,67 Db
11,33 Ba
3.
30
12,00 Bb
14,00 Cd
10,33 Ba
13,33 Cc
4.
60
9,67 Aa
9,67 Aa
11,00 Cc
10,00 Ab
BNT
0,16
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The nu m bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( low ercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
238
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Tabel 4. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 45 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
S1
S2
S3
S4
1.
0
28,67 Cc
16,33 Bb
13,67 Aa
30,33 Dd
2.
20
39,00 Dd
24,33 Db
30,33 Dc
18,00 Ba
3.
30
20,33 Bb
21,67 Cc
19,00 Ca
22,00 Cd
4.
60
13,67 Aa
14,33Ab
15,00 Bd
14,67 Ac
LSD
0,27
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Tabel 5. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 60 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress
Dose of Organic
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
1.
0
48,00 Cd
28,67 Bb
22,00 Aa
37,33 Cc
2.
20
56,67 Dd
40,33 Db
48,33 Dc
28,00 Ba
3.
30
32,00 Ba
38,33 Cc
33,33 Cb
40,67 Dd
4.
60
26,67 Ac
25,00 Ab
23,67 Ba
24,67 Ab
LSD
0,27
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSP opport unit ies
Tabel 6. The av erage root weight ( g) of rice due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
23,40 Ab
1.
0
39,03 Ad
31,33 Ac
22,53 Aa
2.
20
97,10 Dc
80,67 Db
101,73 Dd
26,83 Ba
3.
30
58,27 Bd
37,23 Bb
38,93 Cc
33,80 Ca
4.
60
72,87 Cd
60,07 Cc
27,43 Ba
39,10 Db
LSD
0,46
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Tabel 7. The av erage v olum e of root s ( cm 3) of rice at 60 DAP du e t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er
st ress.
Dose of Organic
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
1.
0
86,67 Ad
63,33 Ac
50,00 Aa
53,33 Ab
2.
20
143,33 Dc
130,00 Dd
146,67 Dd
63,33 Ba
3.
30
96,67 Bb
73,33 Ba
73,33 Ca
73,33 Ca
4.
60
110,00 Cd
86,67 Cc
60,00 Ba
80,00 Db
LSD
0,46
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The nu m bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( low ercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Table 1 shows t he changes on plant height from age 15 t o 60 DAP. I n general t here is an increase in
plant height wit h increased doses of organic m at ter com pare wit h t reatm ent no organic m att er
increase. Dose of organic m at ter equals to 20 ton/ hectare increased not only in plant height but also
239
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
on t he num ber of t illers at the age of 15, 30, 45, 60 days aft er plant ing ( DAP) , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h,
weight of roots and root volum e. But increasing organic m at ter from 20 t o 30 tons per hectare
decreased plant height , num ber of t illers, leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, root weight and volum e of root s t hat
are generally lower and significant ly different wit h all average value of param eter in t he t reat m ent of
20 t ons per hect are. But higher and significant ly different wit h t reat m ent wit hout the addit ion of
organic m at ter.
The addit ion of organic m at ter equivalent t o 60 t on/ hect are decrease plant height , num ber of t illers,
leaf length, lengt h widt h. But for root weight and root volum e was higher and significant ly different
com pared t o the weight of t he root and root volum e wit hout organic m at ter t reat m ent. This showed
t hat organic m att er up t o 20 t ons/ hectare gives a bet ter effect on t he perform ance of rice plants at
t he vegetat ive phase. This is because the nature of organic m at ters t hat can affect t he availabilit y of
water during t he dry season but in excessive doses, it will adversely affect the physical propert ies of
t he soil, especially lack of oxygen which causes low act ivit y of root s.
Table 2 shows t he changes in t he perform ance of t he rice plant s in t he veget at ive phase due t o water
st ress which is done by st opping t he water unt il t he plants show sym pt om s of water shortage wit h
changes in leaf form in t he shallow V, deeply V rolled leaf and u rolled leaf form . Treat m ent of wat er
st ress causes a decrease in leaf lengt h, leaf width, root weight and root volum e significant ly. This is
because t he wat er st ress causing various dist urbances in t he m etabolism of plants t hat cause changes
in t he form at ion and part it ion fot osint at ( Taiz and Zeiger, 2002).sim ilarly reported by Lisar et al
( 2014) in water st ress condit ion plant cell produce varios com pat ible com pound t o keep hom eostasis
in plant cell.
Tables 3, 4.5, 6, 7 shows t he interact ion bet ween doses of organic m at ter in t he plant ing m edium with
water st ress on leaf lengt h ages 30, 45, 60 days after plant ing and root weight and volum e of rice root
age 60 DAP. I ncrease in organic m att er up to 20 t ons per hectare increase t he length of leaves
com pared t o t reatm ent wit hout water st ress. But the dose of organic m at ter 30 t o 60 t onnes / hect are
decline in leaf lengt h of rice plant s than well watered.
Organic m at t er equals to 20 t ons / ha increase t he lengt h of t he leaf at t he age of 30.45, 60 DAP
com pared wit h t he length of the leaves on the sam e water st ress but without t he organic m at ter
t reat m ent. Whereas if wat er st ress im proved by st opping watering unt il leaf rolled form ing deep V has
longer leaf at age of 30, 45, 60 DAP at 20 tons of organic m at t er per hectare. I t com pared to average
value of length leaf wit hout increasing organic m at ter. Sim ilarly, t he increase in st ress if followed by
an increase to 60 t ons of organic m at ter per hect are leaf lengt h longer than t he lengt h of t he leaves
wit hout t he addit ion of organic m at ter. Sim ilar result were observed Rajasekaran et al., ( 2015) by
observing Organic m at ter affect ing t he root lengt h, shoot lengt h, weight wet and dry weight rice
seedlings. And also observed by Bagayoko ( 2012) by observing the addit ion of organic m at ter t o the
soil up t o 15 ton/ ha can increase t he num ber of seedlings of rice plant height
I ncreased water st ress can reduced wit h increasing doses organic m at ter t he growing m edium . This is
due t o t he high levels of organic m att er in t he root zone is st ill m ore m oist urized than without organic
m at ter. The highes of Root volum e and root weight is in the t reatm ent of organic m at t er of 20
t ons/ hect are wit h water st ress t reatm ent by st opping watering unt il t he leaves roll form ing deeply v.
This is because t he soil m oisture were bet ter wit h t he addit ion of 20 tons of organic m at ter per
hect are whereas if organic m att er increased 30 t o 60 t ons/ hect are decrease in volum e and weight of
rice root. Sim ilarly report ed by Suardi ( 2002) in wat er st ress condit ion rice root weight is higher in
drought t olerant variet y. This is because when the wat er deficit occur also m ake im balance of wat er in
plant cells ( Taiz and Zeiger, 2002) . Wat er st ress in plant change biochem ist ry propert ies of the plant
( Zhou and Yu, 2010) .m any com pat ible com pounds are synt hesized by enzym es in wáter st ress
conidit ion ( Lam bers et al., 2008) .sim ilarly report ed by Reddilas ( 2011) in water st ress condit ion the
rice plant produce m ore t rihalosa as osm oprotectant. Physiological disorder that occur when the rice
plants in water st ress, also decreased relat ive wat er cont ent in leafs ( Sikuku et al, 2012).
Decrease in leaf length, leaf widt h, root weight and root volum e due t o reduct ion of water levels
decline turgidit ies cause inhibit s the elongat ion and widening of t he cells t hereby low elongat ion and
widening of t he leaves. when the rice crop in water deficit decreased relat ive wat er content in leaves
significant ly. Sim ilarly reported by Farooq et al. ( 2009) water st ress at veget at ive phase significant ly
reduced plant height . water deficit leads t o a reduct ion in t he size of t he leaf stem s, and root s of
plants.
240
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Conclusions
There is change of perform ance at vegetat ive phase of rice plant s under water st ress condit ions which
can be reduced by increasing dose of organic m at t er in t he plant ing m edium . The addit ion of organic
m at ter equivalent to 20 t onhectare gives a bet ter perform ance of rice plant at veget at ive phase.
Re fe re n ce s
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241
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Effe ct of Or ga nic M a t t e r s And W a t e r St r e ss On
Pe r for m a n ce of Rice in Ve ge t a t ive Pha se
1
* Cut Nur I chsan, 1Erida Nurahm i, 1 Okt rya Rochm ad, 1 Bakht iar, 1Efendi, 1 Sabaruddin
1
Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam ,
Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor: cut [email protected]
Abst ra ct
Drought becom e a m aj or lim it ing fact or in world cereal prod uct ion. Various m et hods are used t o
solv e t his problem such as irrigat ion m anagem ent by m anaging t he soil m oist ure effect iv ely for
t he plant s t o grow norm ally . Anot her way t o im prov e t h e wat er holding capacit y wit h t he
addit ion of organic m at t er in soil. Anot her way by plant ing drought t olerant rice v ariet ies.
Drought - t olerant rice v ariet ies lik e I npago 8 wit h v arious doses of organic m at t er and wat er
st ress at v eget at iv e phase t reat m ent done t o analy ze t he change of rice plant perfor m ance at
t he v eget at iv e phase of t he rice crop due t o drought and organic m at t er dose. At v ery low
wat er cont ent , wh ich happened repeat edly during t he v eget at iv e phase causes t he change in
root growt h, plant height , lengt h and widt h of rice leaf significant ly .
Ke y w ords: Organic Mat t er, wat er st ress, rice, v eget at iv e
I nt r oduct ion
The effect of global warm ing need t o be addressed urgent ly t o alleviate t he negat ive im pact s that
could be caused low product ion of m aj or crops in t he world (I PPC, 2007) . Cereal crops such as rice are
very sensit ive t o wat er short ages. Product ion of rice in dry season in Aceh was 5.4 t on/ ha for rice field
and 2.4 ton/ ha for upland rice field ( BPS, 2014). Because t his plant is basically a plant t hat grows in
watery condit ions. To resolve this issue, water m anagem ent required to deliver wat er to t he boundary
t hat allows t he plant t o grow norm ally ( De Dat ta, 1981) .
For a plant to grow norm ally requires to im prove soil m oist ure in plant root ing m edium by adding
organic m at ter to increase t he water holding capacity of t he soil. The addit ion of organic m att er can
provide benefits of im provem ent in physical, chem ical and biological fert ilit y of soil. Physical
im provem ents such as water- holding capacit y due t o organic m at ter funct ion in changing the soil
st ruct ure. Porosit y is expected t o m inim ize t he effect s of drought t hat happens frequent ly in t he last
decade. I t is necessary for adapt ive cropping pat terns t o m it igat e drought effect in rice cult ivat ion.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
Pr ocedur e
This research was conducted at plast ic green house at BPPT Lam pineung in Syiah Kuala dist rict with
daily t em perat ure of 28° C up to34 ° C , from January t o April 2014. The st udy was conduct ed in a
random ized block design wit h a 4x4 fact orial wit h 3 replicat ions. The t reat m ent fact or were wat er
st ress and organic m at ter consist ing of four levels equall t o 0, 20, 30, 60 tons per hect are. While
water st ress consist s of four levels which are well wat ering every day, st op watering unt il t he leaves
roll up t o form a shallow V, deeply V rolled leaf, and form ing a shallow U rolled leaf,and t hen cont inue
watering. Assessm ent of rolled leaf based on evaluat ion score of rolled leaf effect of drought ( I RRI ,
2002) .
Each polybag filled wit h 10 kg of soil. Organic m at t er used for t he t reatm ent was rice st raw com post .
urea fert ilizer equivalent t o 200 kg per hect are, SP36, 150 kg per hect are, KCl 50 kg per hectare. The
param eters observed in rice vegetat ive phase, were plant height , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, num ber of
t illers, weight of root and root volum e. Plant height is m easured from t he ground t o t he t ip of t he
highest leaf clum ps of plant s. Leaf widt h m easured at t he center of t he leaves on t he sam e leaves t hat
have been m arked. Weight root weighed at t he age of 60 days aft er the root s are washed clean and
wipe with a dry t issue. Root volum e is m easured by wat er replacem ent m et hod ( I RRI 2012).
D a t a Ana lysis
Analysis ovarian used t o see t he effect of organic m at t er and water st ress ( F t est ) . The significance in
level of t he t reat m ent analyses wit h t his significant difference ( LSD 0.05)
Results a nd D iscussion
Dose of organic m at ter have significant effect on the rice perform ance at veget at ive phase as seen in
plant height , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, root weight , root volum e, as shown in t he t able 1 below.
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Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Tabel 1. Effect of organic m at t ers on t he perform ance of t h e rice plant s at v eget at iv e phase
No
Param et er
Dose Treat m ent of Organic m at t ers ( T/ ha)
20
30
60
0
1
Plant height 15 DAP ( cm )
28,67 b
31,67 c
29,08 b
24,00 a
LSD
0.05
0,92
2
Plant height 30 DAP ( cm )
46,25 b
55,75 c
46,00 b
31,50 a
1,35
3
Plant height 45 DAP ( cm )
63,00 c
73,25 d
61,00 b
54,92 a
1,98
4
Plant height 60 DAP ( cm )
79,75 b
99,45 c
83,20 b
74,53 a
2,78
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Num ber of t illers 15 DAP
Num ber of t illers 30 DAP
Num ber of t illers 45 DAP
Num ber of t illers 60 DAP
leaf lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 60 DAP ( cm )
leaf lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 60 DAP ( cm )
Root weight ( g)
16
Root v olum e ( cm 3 )
( perhill)
( perhill)
( perhill)
( perhill)
1,42 a
5,25 a
10,58 b
20,92 b
14,42 c
22,25 c
34,00 b
0,57 b
0,84 a
1,36 b
29,08 a
2,00 c
8,00 c
15,25 b
22,58 c
17,75 d
27,92 d
43,33 b
0,63 d
1,02 c
1,50 d
76,58 d
1,42 a
6,17 b
11,33 c
21,08 b
12,42 b
20,75 b
36,08 c
0,60 c
0,95 b
1,44 c
43,88 b
1,58 b
5,72 a
8,58 a
17,50 a
10,08 a
14,42
25,00 a
0,53 a
0,81 a
1,18 a
51,69 c
0,11
0,30
0,54
0,92
0,64
1,08
1,66
0,01
0,05
0,05
1,82
63,33 a
120,83 d
79,17 b
84,17 c
3,40
Tabel 2. Effect of int erv al wat ering of t he appearance of t he rice plant s in t he v eget at iv e phase
No
Param et er
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
S1
S2
S0
1
2
3
4
leaf
leaf
leaf
leaf
lengt h 30 DAP ( cm )
lengt h 45 DAP ( cm )
lengt h 60 DAP ( cm )
widt h 30 DAP
5
6
7
8
leaf widt h 45 DAP ( cm )
leaf widt h 60 DAP ( cm )
Root weight 60 DAP ( g)
Root v olum e 60 DAP ( cm 3 )
S3
14,46 c
22,87 c
36,95 b
0,59 b
13,67 b
19,17 a
33,08 a
0,64 c
12,25 a
19,50 a
33,49 a
0,55 a
12,67 a
21,25 b
34,33 a
0,56 a
LSD
0,05
0,64
1,08
1,66
0,01
0,93
1,42
51,06 c
89,49 c
0,97
1,45
52,23 d
88,33 c
0,88
1,33
47,66 b
82,50 b
0,88
1,37
30,78 a
70,90 a
1,82
3,40
I nt eract ion bet ween doses of organic m at ter and wat er st ress on t he appearance of t he rice plants
veget at ive phase.
Tabel 3. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 30 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
S1
S2
S3
S4
1.
0
18,33 Cd
13,33 Bb
10,00 Aa
16,00 Dc
2.
20
24,33 Dc
17,67 Db
17,67 Db
11,33 Ba
3.
30
12,00 Bb
14,00 Cd
10,33 Ba
13,33 Cc
4.
60
9,67 Aa
9,67 Aa
11,00 Cc
10,00 Ab
BNT
0,16
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The nu m bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( low ercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
238
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Tabel 4. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 45 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
S1
S2
S3
S4
1.
0
28,67 Cc
16,33 Bb
13,67 Aa
30,33 Dd
2.
20
39,00 Dd
24,33 Db
30,33 Dc
18,00 Ba
3.
30
20,33 Bb
21,67 Cc
19,00 Ca
22,00 Cd
4.
60
13,67 Aa
14,33Ab
15,00 Bd
14,67 Ac
LSD
0,27
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Tabel 5. Av erage lengt h of rice leaf ( cm ) age 60 DAP due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress
Dose of Organic
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
1.
0
48,00 Cd
28,67 Bb
22,00 Aa
37,33 Cc
2.
20
56,67 Dd
40,33 Db
48,33 Dc
28,00 Ba
3.
30
32,00 Ba
38,33 Cc
33,33 Cb
40,67 Dd
4.
60
26,67 Ac
25,00 Ab
23,67 Ba
24,67 Ab
LSD
0,27
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSP opport unit ies
Tabel 6. The av erage root weight ( g) of rice due t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er st ress.
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
Dose of Organic
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
23,40 Ab
1.
0
39,03 Ad
31,33 Ac
22,53 Aa
2.
20
97,10 Dc
80,67 Db
101,73 Dd
26,83 Ba
3.
30
58,27 Bd
37,23 Bb
38,93 Cc
33,80 Ca
4.
60
72,87 Cd
60,07 Cc
27,43 Ba
39,10 Db
LSD
0,46
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The num bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( lowercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Tabel 7. The av erage v olum e of root s ( cm 3) of rice at 60 DAP du e t o t he dosage of organic m at t er and wat er
st ress.
Dose of Organic
Wat er St ress t reat m ent
No
Mat t er
( T/ ha)
I1
I2
I3
I4
1.
0
86,67 Ad
63,33 Ac
50,00 Aa
53,33 Ab
2.
20
143,33 Dc
130,00 Dd
146,67 Dd
63,33 Ba
3.
30
96,67 Bb
73,33 Ba
73,33 Ca
73,33 Ca
4.
60
110,00 Cd
86,67 Cc
60,00 Ba
80,00 Db
LSD
0,46
0, 05
Descr ipt ion: The nu m bers followed by t he sam e let t ers ( low ercase and uppercase let t ers horizont ally v ert ically ) not
significant at t he 5% lev el LSD opport unit ies
Table 1 shows t he changes on plant height from age 15 t o 60 DAP. I n general t here is an increase in
plant height wit h increased doses of organic m at ter com pare wit h t reatm ent no organic m att er
increase. Dose of organic m at ter equals to 20 ton/ hectare increased not only in plant height but also
239
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
on t he num ber of t illers at the age of 15, 30, 45, 60 days aft er plant ing ( DAP) , leaf lengt h, leaf widt h,
weight of roots and root volum e. But increasing organic m at ter from 20 t o 30 tons per hectare
decreased plant height , num ber of t illers, leaf lengt h, leaf widt h, root weight and volum e of root s t hat
are generally lower and significant ly different wit h all average value of param eter in t he t reat m ent of
20 t ons per hect are. But higher and significant ly different wit h t reat m ent wit hout the addit ion of
organic m at ter.
The addit ion of organic m at ter equivalent t o 60 t on/ hect are decrease plant height , num ber of t illers,
leaf length, lengt h widt h. But for root weight and root volum e was higher and significant ly different
com pared t o the weight of t he root and root volum e wit hout organic m at ter t reat m ent. This showed
t hat organic m att er up t o 20 t ons/ hectare gives a bet ter effect on t he perform ance of rice plants at
t he vegetat ive phase. This is because the nature of organic m at ters t hat can affect t he availabilit y of
water during t he dry season but in excessive doses, it will adversely affect the physical propert ies of
t he soil, especially lack of oxygen which causes low act ivit y of root s.
Table 2 shows t he changes in t he perform ance of t he rice plant s in t he veget at ive phase due t o water
st ress which is done by st opping t he water unt il t he plants show sym pt om s of water shortage wit h
changes in leaf form in t he shallow V, deeply V rolled leaf and u rolled leaf form . Treat m ent of wat er
st ress causes a decrease in leaf lengt h, leaf width, root weight and root volum e significant ly. This is
because t he wat er st ress causing various dist urbances in t he m etabolism of plants t hat cause changes
in t he form at ion and part it ion fot osint at ( Taiz and Zeiger, 2002).sim ilarly reported by Lisar et al
( 2014) in water st ress condit ion plant cell produce varios com pat ible com pound t o keep hom eostasis
in plant cell.
Tables 3, 4.5, 6, 7 shows t he interact ion bet ween doses of organic m at ter in t he plant ing m edium with
water st ress on leaf lengt h ages 30, 45, 60 days after plant ing and root weight and volum e of rice root
age 60 DAP. I ncrease in organic m att er up to 20 t ons per hectare increase t he length of leaves
com pared t o t reatm ent wit hout water st ress. But the dose of organic m at ter 30 t o 60 t onnes / hect are
decline in leaf lengt h of rice plant s than well watered.
Organic m at t er equals to 20 t ons / ha increase t he lengt h of t he leaf at t he age of 30.45, 60 DAP
com pared wit h t he length of the leaves on the sam e water st ress but without t he organic m at ter
t reat m ent. Whereas if wat er st ress im proved by st opping watering unt il leaf rolled form ing deep V has
longer leaf at age of 30, 45, 60 DAP at 20 tons of organic m at t er per hectare. I t com pared to average
value of length leaf wit hout increasing organic m at ter. Sim ilarly, t he increase in st ress if followed by
an increase to 60 t ons of organic m at ter per hect are leaf lengt h longer than t he lengt h of t he leaves
wit hout t he addit ion of organic m at ter. Sim ilar result were observed Rajasekaran et al., ( 2015) by
observing Organic m at ter affect ing t he root lengt h, shoot lengt h, weight wet and dry weight rice
seedlings. And also observed by Bagayoko ( 2012) by observing the addit ion of organic m at ter t o the
soil up t o 15 ton/ ha can increase t he num ber of seedlings of rice plant height
I ncreased water st ress can reduced wit h increasing doses organic m at ter t he growing m edium . This is
due t o t he high levels of organic m att er in t he root zone is st ill m ore m oist urized than without organic
m at ter. The highes of Root volum e and root weight is in the t reatm ent of organic m at t er of 20
t ons/ hect are wit h water st ress t reatm ent by st opping watering unt il t he leaves roll form ing deeply v.
This is because t he soil m oisture were bet ter wit h t he addit ion of 20 tons of organic m at ter per
hect are whereas if organic m att er increased 30 t o 60 t ons/ hect are decrease in volum e and weight of
rice root. Sim ilarly report ed by Suardi ( 2002) in wat er st ress condit ion rice root weight is higher in
drought t olerant variet y. This is because when the wat er deficit occur also m ake im balance of wat er in
plant cells ( Taiz and Zeiger, 2002) . Wat er st ress in plant change biochem ist ry propert ies of the plant
( Zhou and Yu, 2010) .m any com pat ible com pounds are synt hesized by enzym es in wáter st ress
conidit ion ( Lam bers et al., 2008) .sim ilarly report ed by Reddilas ( 2011) in water st ress condit ion the
rice plant produce m ore t rihalosa as osm oprotectant. Physiological disorder that occur when the rice
plants in water st ress, also decreased relat ive wat er cont ent in leafs ( Sikuku et al, 2012).
Decrease in leaf length, leaf widt h, root weight and root volum e due t o reduct ion of water levels
decline turgidit ies cause inhibit s the elongat ion and widening of t he cells t hereby low elongat ion and
widening of t he leaves. when the rice crop in water deficit decreased relat ive wat er content in leaves
significant ly. Sim ilarly reported by Farooq et al. ( 2009) water st ress at veget at ive phase significant ly
reduced plant height . water deficit leads t o a reduct ion in t he size of t he leaf stem s, and root s of
plants.
240
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Conclusions
There is change of perform ance at vegetat ive phase of rice plant s under water st ress condit ions which
can be reduced by increasing dose of organic m at t er in t he plant ing m edium . The addit ion of organic
m at ter equivalent to 20 t onhectare gives a bet ter perform ance of rice plant at veget at ive phase.
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