Transitivity Process And Narrative Structure Of Five Short Stories In ‘The Short Story’ Book Edited By Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. And Robert Hoopes
TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF FIVE
SHORT STORIES IN ‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY WILFRED
STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT HOOPES
A THESIS
BY:
FANI GUMANTI
REG. NO. 100705009
Supervisor,
Co- Supervisor
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum.
Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M A
NIP. 19570626 198303 2 001
NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department
of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Rhamadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200612 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday 10 April, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Muhizar Muchtar, MS
..............................................
Rahmadsyah rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
..............................................
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL
..............................................
Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum
..............................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT
and the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the messenger. Prise is to Allah for blessing me
in completing this thesis and the mercy that has been given to me.
A great many thanks is dedicated to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,
M.S as the Head of English department, Drs. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as the
supervisor who has shared her time in guiding me while I was studying in this
program and always give me advises and critics that are very helpful and for Dra.
Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A as the co-supervisor who has shared her knowledge and
time in guiding me in finishing this thesis. And thank to all lecturers in English
Department for giving me the instructions, tuitions, advices, and knowledge.
The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, my step father
Mawardi, and my mother Fatmaweli, who has given me love, care support and
always pray for me, she is the best mother ever for me. I thank to my little sister
Rima Gumanti and my little brother Ilham Gumanti, who always make me smile
when I was sad. My thank is also dedicated to my sweetheart Usman Halomoan
Ritonga for the support, spirit and wise advice for me. Last but no least I would like
to thank to my best friend “Miss One”: Sonya Anggraini, Fatimah Rizki, Ayu
Pandini Lubis, and Paramitha Sari Sinaga for their kindness, attention and loyalty.
And thank to all my classmate for being greats friends.
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I was trying my best to
complete this thesis by having knowledge from my academic study. Therefore,
advice, constructive criticism, and suggestion aimed for this thesis will be warmly
welcome and highly appreciated.
Medan, 10 April 2014
The writer,
FANI GUMANTI
Reg. No. 100705009
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FANI GUMANTI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE
WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FORM A THESIS BY
WHICH I HAVE QULIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO
OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUMMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: 10 April 2014
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FANI GUMANTI
TITLE OF THESIS
: TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE
STRUCTURE OF FIVE SHORT STORIES IN
‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY
WILFRED STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT
HOOPES
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SASRJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: 10 April 2014
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short
Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert
Hoopes” studies about transitivity process and schematic structure of narrative genre
in five short stories in ‘The Short Story’ book written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P.
and Robert Hoopes. This analysis used descritive qualitative method (Bungin,
2001:290), to get the most dominant process is used Bungin’s formula (2005, 171172).
The analysis is done by stating the kind of processes and finding the schematic
elements in narrative discourse. The theory that is used in analyzing the data is
Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory of Halliday (1985). The model of schematic
structure used is Martin’s model (1984).
The analysis found that each short story has six types of Transitivity Process. They
are: material process, relational process, mental process, existential process and
behavioural process. The most dominant process in each short story is material
process with percentage: 36,78% in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% in “Hills
Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% in“Wife – Wooing” (John
Updike), 38,98% in “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), and 60,71% in “The
Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet).
There are two short stories, “The Rock (E.M. Foster)” and “Hills Like White
Elephant (Ernest Hemingway)” that have the complete elements of narrative
structure, Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Coda.
There are two short stories, “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing
(John Updike)” that have no Abstract.
Then short story “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” that has no Coda.
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five
Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and
Robert Hoopes” berisi kajian tentang proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika
genre naratif yang terdapat pada lima cerita pendek dalam buku ‘The Short Story’
yang ditulis oleh Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. dan Robert Hoopes. Analisis ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif (Bungin, 2001:290). Untuk mendapatkan
proses yang paling dominan digunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin
(2005, 171-172).
Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat jenis-jenis proses dan menemukan
unsur-unsur skematika yang terdapat dalam wacana naratif. Landasan teori yang
digunakan dalam penganalisisan adalah teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistematik yang
dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985). Model analisis struktur skematika yang digunakan
adalah model Martin (1984).
Hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa dalam masing-masing cerpen masing memiliki
enam jenis porses transitivitas yaitu proses material, proses relational, proses mental,
proses verbal, proses existential dan proses behavioural. Process yang paling
dominan dalam masing-masing cerita pendek adalah proses material dengan
persentase: 36,78% dalam cerita pendek “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% dalam
cerita pendek “Hills Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% dalam
cerita pendek “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike), 38,98% dalam cerita pendek “The
Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), dan 60,71% dalam cerita pendek “The Shore”
(Alain Robbe-Grillet).
Dua cerita pendek yaitu “The Rock (E.M. Foster)”, dan “Hills Like White Elephant
(Ernest Hemingway)” memuat unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam struktur skematika
naratif diantaranya adalah Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation,
Resolution, dan Coda. Ada unsur yang tidak ditemukan dalam tiga cerita pendek,
yaitu : “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing (John Updike)”
tidak ditemukan ‘abstract’ dan “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” tidak ditemukan
‘coda’.
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION..............................................................................iii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION..........................................................................iv
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS….................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study……………………..…………….….1
1.2 Problems of the Study…………………………….……....…....9
1.3 Objectives of the Study…………………………...….………...9
I.4 Scope of the Study…………………………………………..….9
1.5 Significance of the Study……………………………………...10
CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL CONCEPTS AND RELEVANT STUDIES
2.1 Theoretical Concepts ………………………………………....11
2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis………………..……11
2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)……….………….12
2.1.3 Metafunction of Language………….……….…………...15
2.1.3.1 The Ideational Function………..…………...…….15
2.1.3.2 The Interpersonal Function…………..……...……16
2.1.3.4 Textual Function…………………………….……18
2.2 Transitivity Process…………………………………….…...…19
2.2.1 Material Process……………………………….……….....24
2.2.2 Mental Process…………………………………….….…..27
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.3 Relational Process………………………………….……..31
2.2.4 Verbal Process……………………………………….…....35
2.2.5 Behavioral Process…………………………………..……36
2.2.6 Existential Process………………………………….….…38
2.3 The Narrative Structure………………………………….…….38
2.3.1 Abstract…………………………………….…………….40
2.3.2 Orientation…………………………………….……….....40
2.3.3 Complication………………………………………...……41
2.3.4 Evaluation………………………………………………...42
2.3.5 Resolution……………………………………………...…42
2.3.6 Coda……………………………………………………...43
2.4 Relevant Studies………………………………………..……...43
CHAPTER III : METHOD RESEARCH
3.1. Research Method……………………………………………...45
3.2. Data and Data Source……………………………………...…45
3.3. Data Collecting Method………………………………………47
3.4. Data Analysis Method………………………………………...47
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Analysis.………………………………......…….………...….50
4.1.1 Transitivity Process……………………………...….....50
4.1.2 Narrative Structure…………………...…………….….68
4.2 The Findings……………………………………...……….….73
4.3 Discussion………………………………………………....….80
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.1 Conclusions……………………………………………….......82
5.2 Suggestions………………………………………….………..83
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
: TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
APPENDIX II
: NARRATIVE PROCESS
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (73)
Table 2
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text
(74)
Table 3
: The Distribution of Process Types in “Hills Like White elephant” (Ernest
hemingway) text (74)
Table 4
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Hills Like White elephant”
(Ernest Hemingway) text (75)
Table 5
: The Distribution of Process Types in “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike)
text (75)
Table 6
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Wife – Wooing” (John
Updike) text (76)
Table 7
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Last Judgement” (Karel
Capek) text (77)
Table 8
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Last Judgement” (Karel
Capek) text (77)
Table 9
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet)
text (78)
Table 10 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Shore” (Alain RobbeGrillet) text (78)
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SHORT STORIES IN ‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY WILFRED
STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT HOOPES
A THESIS
BY:
FANI GUMANTI
REG. NO. 100705009
Supervisor,
Co- Supervisor
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum.
Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M A
NIP. 19570626 198303 2 001
NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department
of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Rhamadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200612 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday 10 April, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Muhizar Muchtar, MS
..............................................
Rahmadsyah rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
..............................................
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL
..............................................
Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum
..............................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT
and the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the messenger. Prise is to Allah for blessing me
in completing this thesis and the mercy that has been given to me.
A great many thanks is dedicated to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,
M.S as the Head of English department, Drs. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as the
supervisor who has shared her time in guiding me while I was studying in this
program and always give me advises and critics that are very helpful and for Dra.
Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A as the co-supervisor who has shared her knowledge and
time in guiding me in finishing this thesis. And thank to all lecturers in English
Department for giving me the instructions, tuitions, advices, and knowledge.
The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, my step father
Mawardi, and my mother Fatmaweli, who has given me love, care support and
always pray for me, she is the best mother ever for me. I thank to my little sister
Rima Gumanti and my little brother Ilham Gumanti, who always make me smile
when I was sad. My thank is also dedicated to my sweetheart Usman Halomoan
Ritonga for the support, spirit and wise advice for me. Last but no least I would like
to thank to my best friend “Miss One”: Sonya Anggraini, Fatimah Rizki, Ayu
Pandini Lubis, and Paramitha Sari Sinaga for their kindness, attention and loyalty.
And thank to all my classmate for being greats friends.
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I was trying my best to
complete this thesis by having knowledge from my academic study. Therefore,
advice, constructive criticism, and suggestion aimed for this thesis will be warmly
welcome and highly appreciated.
Medan, 10 April 2014
The writer,
FANI GUMANTI
Reg. No. 100705009
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FANI GUMANTI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE
WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FORM A THESIS BY
WHICH I HAVE QULIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO
OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUMMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: 10 April 2014
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FANI GUMANTI
TITLE OF THESIS
: TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE
STRUCTURE OF FIVE SHORT STORIES IN
‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY
WILFRED STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT
HOOPES
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SASRJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: 10 April 2014
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short
Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert
Hoopes” studies about transitivity process and schematic structure of narrative genre
in five short stories in ‘The Short Story’ book written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P.
and Robert Hoopes. This analysis used descritive qualitative method (Bungin,
2001:290), to get the most dominant process is used Bungin’s formula (2005, 171172).
The analysis is done by stating the kind of processes and finding the schematic
elements in narrative discourse. The theory that is used in analyzing the data is
Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory of Halliday (1985). The model of schematic
structure used is Martin’s model (1984).
The analysis found that each short story has six types of Transitivity Process. They
are: material process, relational process, mental process, existential process and
behavioural process. The most dominant process in each short story is material
process with percentage: 36,78% in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% in “Hills
Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% in“Wife – Wooing” (John
Updike), 38,98% in “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), and 60,71% in “The
Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet).
There are two short stories, “The Rock (E.M. Foster)” and “Hills Like White
Elephant (Ernest Hemingway)” that have the complete elements of narrative
structure, Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Coda.
There are two short stories, “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing
(John Updike)” that have no Abstract.
Then short story “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” that has no Coda.
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five
Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and
Robert Hoopes” berisi kajian tentang proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika
genre naratif yang terdapat pada lima cerita pendek dalam buku ‘The Short Story’
yang ditulis oleh Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. dan Robert Hoopes. Analisis ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif (Bungin, 2001:290). Untuk mendapatkan
proses yang paling dominan digunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin
(2005, 171-172).
Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat jenis-jenis proses dan menemukan
unsur-unsur skematika yang terdapat dalam wacana naratif. Landasan teori yang
digunakan dalam penganalisisan adalah teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistematik yang
dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985). Model analisis struktur skematika yang digunakan
adalah model Martin (1984).
Hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa dalam masing-masing cerpen masing memiliki
enam jenis porses transitivitas yaitu proses material, proses relational, proses mental,
proses verbal, proses existential dan proses behavioural. Process yang paling
dominan dalam masing-masing cerita pendek adalah proses material dengan
persentase: 36,78% dalam cerita pendek “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% dalam
cerita pendek “Hills Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% dalam
cerita pendek “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike), 38,98% dalam cerita pendek “The
Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), dan 60,71% dalam cerita pendek “The Shore”
(Alain Robbe-Grillet).
Dua cerita pendek yaitu “The Rock (E.M. Foster)”, dan “Hills Like White Elephant
(Ernest Hemingway)” memuat unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam struktur skematika
naratif diantaranya adalah Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation,
Resolution, dan Coda. Ada unsur yang tidak ditemukan dalam tiga cerita pendek,
yaitu : “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing (John Updike)”
tidak ditemukan ‘abstract’ dan “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” tidak ditemukan
‘coda’.
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION..............................................................................iii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION..........................................................................iv
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS….................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study……………………..…………….….1
1.2 Problems of the Study…………………………….……....…....9
1.3 Objectives of the Study…………………………...….………...9
I.4 Scope of the Study…………………………………………..….9
1.5 Significance of the Study……………………………………...10
CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL CONCEPTS AND RELEVANT STUDIES
2.1 Theoretical Concepts ………………………………………....11
2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis………………..……11
2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)……….………….12
2.1.3 Metafunction of Language………….……….…………...15
2.1.3.1 The Ideational Function………..…………...…….15
2.1.3.2 The Interpersonal Function…………..……...……16
2.1.3.4 Textual Function…………………………….……18
2.2 Transitivity Process…………………………………….…...…19
2.2.1 Material Process……………………………….……….....24
2.2.2 Mental Process…………………………………….….…..27
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.3 Relational Process………………………………….……..31
2.2.4 Verbal Process……………………………………….…....35
2.2.5 Behavioral Process…………………………………..……36
2.2.6 Existential Process………………………………….….…38
2.3 The Narrative Structure………………………………….…….38
2.3.1 Abstract…………………………………….…………….40
2.3.2 Orientation…………………………………….……….....40
2.3.3 Complication………………………………………...……41
2.3.4 Evaluation………………………………………………...42
2.3.5 Resolution……………………………………………...…42
2.3.6 Coda……………………………………………………...43
2.4 Relevant Studies………………………………………..……...43
CHAPTER III : METHOD RESEARCH
3.1. Research Method……………………………………………...45
3.2. Data and Data Source……………………………………...…45
3.3. Data Collecting Method………………………………………47
3.4. Data Analysis Method………………………………………...47
CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Analysis.………………………………......…….………...….50
4.1.1 Transitivity Process……………………………...….....50
4.1.2 Narrative Structure…………………...…………….….68
4.2 The Findings……………………………………...……….….73
4.3 Discussion………………………………………………....….80
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.1 Conclusions……………………………………………….......82
5.2 Suggestions………………………………………….………..83
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
: TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
APPENDIX II
: NARRATIVE PROCESS
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (73)
Table 2
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text
(74)
Table 3
: The Distribution of Process Types in “Hills Like White elephant” (Ernest
hemingway) text (74)
Table 4
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Hills Like White elephant”
(Ernest Hemingway) text (75)
Table 5
: The Distribution of Process Types in “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike)
text (75)
Table 6
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Wife – Wooing” (John
Updike) text (76)
Table 7
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Last Judgement” (Karel
Capek) text (77)
Table 8
: The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Last Judgement” (Karel
Capek) text (77)
Table 9
: The Distribution of Process Types in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet)
text (78)
Table 10 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Shore” (Alain RobbeGrillet) text (78)
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara